Ta yaya jikinka yake samar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini? Bari mu yi magana game da (Erythropoiesis)!

Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin yadda ake samar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ko ƙwayoyin jinin ja , a cikin jikinmu? Wannan hakika tsari ne mai ban mamaki, mai rikitarwa, kuma mai mahimmanci ga rayuwarmu. A yau za mu yi magana game da yadda ake samar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja, a cikin magani muna kiran wannan ( Erythropoiesis). Wannan kamar ƙaramin masana'anta ne a jikinmu, wanda ke ci gaba da samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

Menene Erythropoiesis? Me yasa yake da mahimmanci a gare mu?

A taƙaice dai, (Erythropoiesis) ita ce hanyar da jikinka ke yin ƙwayoyin jinin ja (a magani, muna kuma kiran wannan "Erythrocytes"). Wannan tsari shine abin da ke sa jikinmu ya sami adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja daidai - ba kaɗan ba, ba yawa ba. Kawai ka yi tunanin yadda waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja suke da muhimmanci ga jikinmu!

Su ne:

• Idan muka shaƙa iska, iskar oxygen tana shiga huhu kuma ana kai ta zuwa kowace nama da ƙwayar halitta a cikin jiki. Kamar ƙananan ma'aikatan gidan waya ne a jikinmu.
• Haka kuma, iskar carbon dioxide da ake samarwa a cikin kyallen jikinmu ana mayar da ita zuwa huhu, inda ake fitar da ita idan muka fitar da iska.

To ka gani, ba za mu iya rayuwa ba tare da waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja ba. Muna da lafiya domin tsarin da ake kira erythropoiesis yana faruwa yadda ya kamata.

Erythropoiesis a zahiri wani ɓangare ne na babban tsari. Duk tsarin samar da dukkan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini guda uku a jikinmu ana kiransa " Hematopoiesis ".

• Ana kiran tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja da "Erythropoiesis" (wanda muke magana a kai yanzu).
• Tsarin samar da farin ƙwayoyin jini ana kiransa "Leukopies" (Leukopies)
• Ana kiran samar da platelets (ƙwayoyin halitta da ke taimakawa wajen yin gudan jini) da "Thrombopoiesis".

Ina wannan (Erythropoiesis) yake faruwa?

Wurin da aka samar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja yana canzawa akan lokaci.

Lokacin da jariri ke cikin mahaifa (fetal erythropoiesis)

Erythropoiesis yana farawa kafin a haife mu, wato, yayin da muke cikin mahaifar mahaifiyarmu.

• A kimanin makonni uku: Wannan na farko yana farawa ne a cikin tsarin da ke ciyar da tayin da ake kira " Jakar Yolk".
• Bayan watanni biyu zuwa uku: Bayan haka, ana samar da ƙwayoyin jini ja a cikin hanta da saifa na tayin.
• Kimanin watanni biyar: Wannan tsari yana farawa ne a cikin bargon ƙashi na tayi. Bargon ƙashi shine sashin laushi da soso a cikin ƙasusuwanmu.

Yara da manya (Erythropoiesis)

Bayan an haife mu, galibi ana samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja a cikin jikinmu.A cikin bargo na ƙashi .

• Yara: A lokacin yarantaka, ana samar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a cikin bargon ƙashi na yawancin ƙasusuwa a jiki.
• Manya: Yayin da muke girma, wannan yana aiki ne kawai a wasu ƙasusuwa. Misali, a wurare kamar ƙugu, ƙashin baya, haƙarƙari, da ƙashin ƙirji.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin Medullary da Extramedullary erythropoiesis?

Ko da yake waɗannan kalmomi biyu na iya zama kamar suna da ɗan rikitarwa, amma suna da sauƙin fahimta.

• `(Medullary)` na nufin wani abu da ke da alaƙa da bargon ƙashi. Don haka, `(Medullary erythropoiesis)` na nufin samuwar ƙwayoyin jini ja a cikin bargon ƙashi. Wannan shine yanayin da aka saba.
• Extramedullary erythropoiesis yana nufin samuwar ƙwayoyin jini ja a wajen ƙashi, kamar a cikin hanta da saifa.

A matakin tayi, wannan (extramedullary erythropoiesis) abu ne na al'ada. Amma idan ya faru da babba, sau da yawa yana iya zama alamar wata cuta ko matsala a cikin ƙashi. Sannan likitoci su duba shi.

Menene matakan samuwar ƙwayoyin jinin ja?

Kwayar jinin ja ba ta samuwa a lokaci guda, tafiya ce da ke tafiya a matakai da dama. Kamar tsutsa ce ta zama malam buɗe ido.

Duk waɗannan ƙwayoyin jini suna farawa ne daga ƙwayar halitta guda ɗaya. Muna kiransa da "ƙwayar halittar jini" (HSC) . Wannan kamar "ƙwayar halitta ce ta musamman." Wannan ƙwayar halittar HSC za ta iya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ƙwayoyin jinin fari, ko platelets.

Idan za a samar da jan ƙwayar halittar jini, wannan ƙwayar halittar HSC ta fara zama ƙwayar halitta da ake kira "Common myeloid progenitor" (CMP) . Wannan ƙwayar halittar CMP kuma za ta iya zama jan ƙwayar halittar jini, platelet, ko wasu nau'ikan fararen ƙwayoyin halittar jini. Na gaba, ƙwayar halittar CMP da za ta zama jan ƙwayar halittar jini ta rikide ta zama "Megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell" (MEP) .

Da zarar ya zama MEP, wannan ƙwayar za ta kasance a kan hanyarta ta zama ƙwayar jinin ja. Sannan ta wuce matakai da dama:

• `(Proerythroblast)` (Proerythroblast)
• `(Erythroblast)` (Erythroblast)
• `(Normoblast)` (Normoblast)
• `(Reticulocyte)` (Reticulocyte) - Wannan ƙaramin ƙwayar jinin ja ce.
• A ƙarshe, ya zama cikakkiyar "Erythrocyte" , wato, ƙwayar jinin ja kamar yadda muka san shi.

Waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin jajayen jini da aka samar gaba ɗaya ana fitar da su cikin jini daga ƙashin ƙashi. A lokacin ne suke fara aikinsu mafi mahimmanci - ɗaukar iskar oxygen a kusa da kuma cire iskar carbon dioxide.

Har yaushe wannan tsari zai ɗauki?

Yawanci yana ɗaukar kimanin mako guda kafin ƙwayar jinin ja ɗaya ta samu cikakkiyar siffarta.

Yaya tsawon rayuwar ƙwayayen jinin ja?

Kwayar jinin ja guda ɗaya tana rayuwa a jikinmu na tsawon kimanin kwanaki 120 .Wato. Sai waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta su mutu, kuma sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta su kan samar a madadinsu. Wannan zagayowar ce da ke faruwa a kowane lokaci.

Menene ke sarrafa wannan (Erythropoiesis)?

Jikinmu yana sarrafa wannan tsari (Erythropoiesis) ta hanya mai ban mamaki. Babban abu shine matakin iskar oxygen a jikinmu.

Ka yi tunanin, idan kyallen jikinka ba su sami isasshen iskar oxygen ba (muna kiran wannan yanayin "Hypoxia"), jikinka zai hanzarta samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja ta atomatik. Domin idan ƙwayoyin jinin ja suka ƙaru, adadin iskar oxygen da ke zuwa kyallen ma yana ƙaruwa.

Ana motsa wannan tsari (Erythropoiesis), wato, ana kunna shi, ta hanyar wani hormone na musamman. Ana kiransa `(Erythropoietin)` (EPO ).

Menene wannan (Erythropoietin - EPO)?

Erythropoietin (EPO) wani sinadari ne da ke ƙara yawan samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Hormones kamar manzannin sinadarai ne da ke daidaita ayyuka daban-daban a jikinmu. Yawancin abubuwan da jikinmu ke buƙata na EPO ƙoda ne ke yin su.

Ga yadda wannan ke faruwa:

1. Saboda yawan ƙwayoyin jininka ja yana da ƙasa, ƙwayoyin jikinka ba sa samun isasshen iskar oxygen.

2. A martanin da ya bayar ga wannan, kodanku suna fitar da ƙarin sinadarin EPO.

3. Wannan hormone na EPO yana motsa ƙashin ƙashin ku don samar da ƙarin ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

4. Yayin da adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja ke ƙaruwa, adadin ``(Hemoglobin)`` (protein ɗin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen) a cikinsu shi ma yana ƙaruwa. Idan kodan suka ji haka, suna rage fitar da EPO.

5. Ta wannan hanyar, ana kiyaye adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a jikinmu a wani mataki. Muna kiran wannan daidaiton ``(Homeostasis)`` (homeostasis).

Kodanmu suna fitar da ƙaramin adadin EPO don hana ƙwayoyin jinin ja su samar. Domin kusan kashi 1% na ƙwayoyin jinin ja suna mutuwa kowace rana, (Erythropoiesis) shine abin da ke rama wannan ƙarancin.

Idan matakin ƙwayoyin jinin ja ya canza saboda rashin lafiya ko haɗari, kodan zai ƙara ko rage samar da EPO daidai gwargwado.

Me zai faru idan akwai matsala tare da erythropoiesis?

Idan akwai matsala ko lahani a cikin tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ƙila za ku iya samun ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jinin ja ko fiye .

• Ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jinin ja: Wannan ana kiransa da anemia . Wannan yana nufin cewa kyallen jikinka ba sa samun isasshen iskar oxygen. Wannan na iya sa ka ji rauni, gajiya a kowane lokaci, wani lokacin ma sanyi . Akwai nau'ikan anemia daban-daban.
• Ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin jinin ja: Wannan ana kiransa da ''(Erythrocytosis)'' (erythrocytosis). Idan wannan ya faru, wani lokacin kuna iya fuskantar ƙananan alamu kamar ciwon kai da gajiya. Duk da haka, dangane da dalilin, wani lokacin yana iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani kamar toshewar jini .

Waɗanne yanayi ne zasu iya shafar erythropoiesis?

Akwai cututtuka da dama da sauran abubuwa da za su iya shafar samar da da kuma kula da ƙwayoyin jinin ja a jikinmu.

Cututtuka masu alaƙa da huhu

Waɗannan na iya rage yawan iskar oxygen da jiki ke karɓa, wanda zai iya canza samar da EPO.

• Asma
• Cutar toshewar huhu ta yau da kullun (COPD)

Ciwon daji da ke shafar jini ko ƙashi

Waɗannan na iya tsoma baki kai tsaye ga tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

• Cutar sankarar bargo
• Lymphoma
• Myeloma
• Cututtukan Myeloproliferative

Wasu dalilai

• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki: Musamman ƙarancin ƙarfe, bitamin B12, da folic acid (folic acid) na iya haifar da ƙarancin samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Waɗannan su ne tubalan gina jiki da ake buƙata don samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
• Rayuwa a tsaunuka masu tsayi: A wurare masu tsayi, akwai ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin iska. Saboda haka, don daidaitawa, jiki yana samar da ƙarin EPO kuma yana ƙara yawan samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

Jikinmu yana samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a tsawon rayuwarmu. Idan tsofaffin ƙwayoyin halitta suka mutu, jiki yana gane waɗannan canje-canjen kuma yana ƙara yawan samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ta haka yana ƙara yawan samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Domin kiyaye wadatar iskar oxygen ga kyallen jikinmu, muna buƙatar samun adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja daidai. Abin farin ciki, jiki yana sarrafa wannan tsari ta atomatik, ba tare da wani ƙoƙari daga gare mu ba. Duk da haka, idan kun kamu da wata cuta da ke tsoma baki ga wannan tsari (erythropoiesis), likitanku zai iya magance ta ko kuma ya sarrafa ta.

Muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata a tuna (Saƙon Kai Gida)

• Erythropoiesis wani muhimmin tsari ne da ke samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja a jikinmu.
• Waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja su ne ke ɗaukar iskar oxygen a cikin jikinmu kuma suna cire iskar carbon dioxide.
• Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne galibi a cikin bargon ƙashinmu .
• Wani sinadari mai suna Erythropoietin (EPO) , wanda ƙoda ke samarwa, yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa wannan tsari.
• Matsalolin da ke tattare da wannan tsari na iya haifar da rashin jini (raguwa a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja) ko erythrocytosis (ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin jinin ja).
• Ingantaccen erythropoiesis yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwa mai kyau. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi ko shakku game da wannan, tabbatar da neman shawarar likita .

Don haka, ina fatan yanzu kun fahimci wannan tsari mai ban mamaki da ake kira (Erythropoiesis). Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke faruwa a cikin jikinmu waɗanda ba mu ma san su ba, ko ba haka ba?

' Yan jinin ja, erythropoiesis, ƙashi bargo, anemia, iskar oxygen, erythropoietin, kodan