Bari mu koyi game da ƙananan jarumai biyu da suka gina kwarangwal ɗinmu: 'Osteoblasts' da 'Osteoclasts'!

Shin ka taɓa tunanin ƙasusuwan ka? Sau da yawa muna ɗaukar su a matsayin abubuwa masu ƙarfi, marasa canzawa. Amma ba haka lamarin yake ba. Ƙasusuwan mu nama ne masu rai , kamar sauran jikinmu. Ba za ka yi tunanin haka ba, amma suna ci gaba da girma, suna lalacewa, kuma ana maye gurbinsu, ba wai kawai daga yarinta zuwa girma ba, har ma har tsawon rayuwarmu! Nau'o'in ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen wannan aikin mai ban mamaki ana kiran su 'Osteoblasts' da 'Osteoclasts'. Bari mu yi ɗan bayani game da waɗannan biyun a yau, ko?

Su waye 'Osteoblasts'? Me suke yi?

A taƙaice dai, 'Osteoblasts' su ne "Mason Jars" da ke gina ƙasusuwanmu. Wani lokaci kuma ana kiransu da 'osteogenic cells'. Su ne waɗanda ke ƙarfafa ƙasusuwanmu, kuma su ne waɗanda ke yin sabbin ƙasusuwa. 'Osteoblasts' suna da manyan ayyuka guda uku:

• Gina sabbin ƙasusuwa (samuwar ƙasusuwa ).
• Yayin da muke girma, wato, yayin da muke girma daga ƙuruciya zuwa girma, ƙasusuwanmu suna canzawa don dacewa da siffar jikinmu, wani tsari da ake kira 'gyara'.
• Ƙasusuwa masu warkarwa idan sun karye, suka karye, ko suka ji rauni .

Ka yi tunanin, lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin ƙasusuwanmu ke buƙatar girma, canzawa ta wata hanya, ko warkarwa bayan an karye, waɗannan ƙwayoyin "Osteoblasts" suna motsawa ta hanyar halayen sinadarai daban-daban a cikin jikinmu, ko kuma ta hanyar "hormones". Sannan waɗannan ƙwayoyin "Osteoblasts" suna haɗuwa su yi kuma su fitar da wani cakuda na musamman da ake kira "kashi matrix" . Wannan "kashi matrix" ya ƙunshi "sunadarai" kamar "collagen" da "calcium" da "phosphate", waɗanda suke da matukar muhimmanci ga ƙasusuwanmu. Wannan aikin kamar wanda ke zuba "siminti" ne lokacin gina hanya. Zai iya gina sabuwar hanya. Ko kuma zai iya amfani da wannan "siminti" don cike ramuka da karyewa a tsohuwar hanya. Hakazalika, "Osteoblasts", "Masons", suna amfani da wannan "kashi matrix" "siminti" don gina sabbin ƙasusuwa, ƙarfafa tsoffin, da warkar da waɗanda suka karye. Bayan an gina sabon ƙasusuwan ta wannan hanyar, wasu ƙwayoyin "Osteoblasts" suna zama ɓangare na wannan sabon ƙashi. Sannan ana kiransu "Osteocytes" . In ba haka ba, idan ba a sake buƙatar ayyukan su ba, waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suna mutuwa.

Bari mu ɗan yi bayani game da waɗanda ake kira 'Osteocytes'?

Kwayoyin halittar jiki (osteocytes) kamar "masu tsaron jiki" ne a cikin ƙasusuwanmu.Kamar. Kasusuwanmu galibi sun ƙunshi waɗannan ƙwayoyin "Osteocytes". Kullum suna lura da irin matsin lamba ko matsin lamba da ake yi wa ƙasusuwanmu. Lokacin da muke tafiya, muke gudu, ko ɗaga wani abu, ko da akwai babban tasiri kamar karyewar ƙashi, waɗannan "Osteocytes" suna jin sa. A wannan lokacin, su ne waɗanda ke aika sigina ga "Osteoblasts" (waɗanda suka gina) da "Osteoclasts" (waɗanda suka karye - za mu yi magana game da shi daga baya) suna cewa, "Ga matsala, zo ku gyara ta." Misali, idan ƙashi ya karye ko ya karye, "Osteocytes" su ne waɗanda ke kawo wasu ƙwayoyin halitta cikin sauri zuwa wurin, suna cire ɓangarorin da suka karye, kuma suna taimakawa wajen gina sabon ƙashi da warkar da shi.

To, waɗanne irin ƙwayoyin halitta ne 'Osteoclasts'?

Osteoclasts su ne "ma'aikatan tsaftacewa" waɗanda ke narkar da kuma cire tsoffin ƙwayoyin halitta da suka lalace daga ƙasusuwanmu. Kamar ma'aikatan rushewa ne. Su ne waɗanda ke ba da hanya ga osteoblasts don gina sabon ƙashi.

Hanya mai sauƙi da za a iya tunawa ita ce: 'Flasts' suna kama da 'Masu Gina', 'Classs' suna kama da 'Masu Tsafta'.

Osteoclasts suna fitar da enzymes na musamman. Waɗannan enzymes suna narkewa kuma suna rushe tsoffin ƙashi. Suna haifar da halayen sinadarai a saman tsoffin ƙashi, suna narkar da waɗannan gutsuttsuran kuma suna ba da hanya ga sabbin kyallen jiki masu ƙarfi su samar. Amma lokacin da osteoclasts ke narkar da ƙashi, ba kamar acid yake cinye wani ƙarfe kamar a cikin zane mai ban dariya ba. Wannan tsari yana da tsari sosai kuma daidai . Osteoclasts kawai yana narkar da wuraren da aka ambata a baya osteocytes (jami'an tsaro) suka yiwa alama a matsayin "a nan ne muke buƙatar cire shi." Enzymes ɗin da osteoclasts ke fitarwa suna rushe ƙashin ƙashi mai ƙarfi kuma suna sake ɗaukar abubuwan da ke ciki. Sannan, ƙananan ramuka suna samuwa a saman ƙashin. Da zarar an samar da waɗannan ramuka, osteoblasts (masu gini) suna shigowa suna cike gibin da sabon ƙashi. Kamar ƙoƙarin ƙungiya ne!

Yaya waɗannan ƙwayoyin "Osteoblasts" da "Osteoclasts" suke kama?

Duk waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta ƙanana ne kuma ana samun su a cikin murfin waje ('rufin ƙashi') na ƙasusuwanmu da kuma cikin ƙasusuwan kansu.

• Osteoblasts yawanci ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta ne masu siffar kube.
• Kwayoyin halittar ƙashi sun ɗan fi ƙashi girma kaɗan. Suna da siffar siffar zagaye, kamar kumfa.

Wadanne cututtuka ne suka fi shafar aikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta?

Osteoblasts da osteoclasts sassa biyu ne masu matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin ƙasusuwanmu. Don haka, duk wata cuta da ta shafi ƙasusuwanmu na iya shafar aikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta. Ga wasu manyan matsalolin da ke hana ƙasusuwanmu ginawa da kiyaye ƙarfi:

• Osteoporosis - Wannan shine lokacin da ƙasusuwa suka yi siriri, suka yi rauni, kuma suka karye cikin sauƙi.
• Osteopenia - Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da osteoporosis. Yawan ƙasusuwa yana fara raguwa.
• Hyperparathyroidism - Yawan samar da hormones ta hanyar glandar parathyroid, wanda ke haifar da cire sinadarin calcium daga ƙasusuwa.
• 'Cutar Paget ta ƙashi (osteitis deformans)' - A wannan yanayin, tsarin gyaran ƙashi yana lalacewa, wanda ke sa ƙasusuwan su yi rauni da nakasa.

Akwai wasu gwaje-gwaje na musamman don gano game da waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta?

Yawanci babu takamaiman gwaje-gwaje don duba yadda osteoblasts ko osteoclasts ɗinku ke aiki. Likitoci yawanci suna gwada lafiyar dukkan ƙashi, maimakon duba takamaiman ƙwayoyin halitta. Duk da haka, wani lokacin, ana iya yin gwaje-gwajen jini (dakunan gwaje-gwaje) don duba yadda osteoclasts ɗinku ke aiki ko don taimakawa wajen gano wata cuta kamar osteoporosis. Ga wasu gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don duba lafiyar ƙashi:

• Gwajin yawan ƙashi (DXA scan) : Wannan yana amfani da hasken X-ray mai ƙarancin ƙarfi don auna ƙarfin ƙasusuwanku. Zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko ƙasusuwanku suna yin siriri yayin da kuke tsufa, ko kuma kuna da alamun osteoporosis ko osteoporosis.
• Gwajin Vitamin D (`Gwajin Vitamin D 25-hydroxy`) : Yana duba ko kuna samun isasshen `Vitamin D`.
• Gwajin Calcium : Wannan yana duba matakin calcium a cikin jininka, kuma yana iya duba adadin calcium a cikin fitsarinka na awanni 24.
• Gwajin "Intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH)" : Yana duba matakan parathyroid hormones.
• Gwajin Creatinine : Wannan yana duba ko kodan ku suna aiki yadda ya kamata.

Me ya kamata mu yi domin mu kiyaye lafiyar ƙasusuwanmu?

Akwai abubuwa da dama da za ku iya yi don kiyaye ƙasusuwanku lafiya da ƙarfi. Ga wasu abubuwan da za ku iya yi:

• Ku ci abinci mai gina jiki , musamman abinci mai wadataccen sinadarin calcium da bitamin D.
• Yi motsa jiki mai ɗauke da nauyi . Wato, motsa jiki da ke ƙara nauyi ga ƙasusuwanku, kamar tafiya , gudu, da hawa matakala.
• A guji shan taba gaba ɗaya . Shan taba yana da matuƙar illa ga ƙashi.
• Sami isasshen sinadarin calcium da bitamin D.Ka yi hankali ko kana samun isasshen abinci. Idan ya zama dole, a sha ƙarin abinci a ƙarƙashin shawarar likita.
• A yi gwajin lafiya akai-akai . Idan kun ji wata rashin lafiya ko canji, ku ga likita nan da nan.

Menene bambanci tsakanin 'Osteoblasts' da 'Osteocytes'?

Dukansu 'Osteoblasts' da 'Osteocytes' ƙwayoyin halitta ne da ke taimakawa wajen ginawa da kula da ƙasusuwanmu. Amma akwai ɗan bambanci.

• Kwayoyin halittar da ke haifar da ƙashi (osteoblasts) su ne ƙwayoyin da ke gina sabon ƙashi, suna haɓaka ƙashi da ke akwai, sannan su gyara shi. Su ne waɗanda ke fitar da ƙashi da kuma gina sabon kyallen jiki.
• Osteocytes ƙwayoyin halitta ne da ake samu a cikin ƙashi masu girma . Su ne waɗanda ke jin matsin lamba da damuwa a kan ƙasusuwa kuma suna aika saƙonni ga osteoblasts da osteoclasts, suna cewa, "Akwai matsala a nan, yana buƙatar gyarawa."

A ƙarshe, abin da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Yanzu za ku iya ganin yadda waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu, waɗanda ake kira 'Osteoblasts' da 'Osteoclasts', suke da babban tasiri ga lafiyar ƙasusuwanmu. Suna aiki tare a koyaushe, suna taimaka wa ƙasusuwanmu su girma, su sabunta, kuma su kasance da ƙarfi. Suna kama da jarumai marasa waƙa.

Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga mutanen da suka haura shekaru 65, mata da suka yi rashin haihuwa, da kuma waɗanda ke da matsalolin lafiya na yau da kullun su nemi shawarar likita kuma su yi gwajin lafiya akai-akai. Wannan yana ba likitoci damar sa ido kan lafiyar ƙashin ku da kuma gano alamun farko na asarar ƙashi ko osteoporosis.

Don haka, ku kula da ƙasusuwanku ma. Cin abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki, da kuma rayuwa mai kyau su ne mafi muhimmanci!