Menene Apoptosis? Hanya mai kyau ga ƙwayoyin halitta a jikinmu su mutu!

Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin abin da ke faruwa da ƙwayoyin halittar da ke jikinmu, musamman idan suka tsufa ko suka lalace? A zahiri, jikinmu yana da ƙwarewa mai ban mamaki ta gane waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar kuma ya kawar da su cikin tsari. Wannan shine abin da muke kira apoptosis . A taƙaice dai, wannan tsari ne na mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta wanda jiki ke tsarawa kuma yake sarrafa shi, kama da 'mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da aka tsara'.

Me yasa wannan abu da ake kira apoptosis yake da muhimmanci a gare mu?

Ka yi tunanin, wasu ƙwayoyin halitta a zamaninmu, ko kuma DNA ɗinsu ya lalace. Idan waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suka ci gaba da wanzuwa a cikin jiki, za su iya ci gaba da rabuwa da ninkawa ba tare da wata matsala ba, wanda hakan ke haifar da cututtuka masu haɗari kamar ciwon daji. Wannan tsari da ake kira apoptosis yana taimaka mana mu hana irin waɗannan haɗarin.

Wannan kamar kawar da tsofaffin kayan daki ne da suka lalace a cikin gida. Kamar yadda samun wannan kayan daki zai iya kawo matsala a cikin gida, haka nan samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta da suka lalace a jikinmu na iya haifar da matsaloli. Don haka, apoptosis abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye lafiyar jikinmu.

Amma, dole ne komai ya tafi daidai da tsari. Idan wani abu ya faru ba daidai ba a cikin wannan tsari na apoptosis, ko ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa suna mutuwa ko kuma idan ƙwayoyin da ya kamata su mutu ba su mutu ba, hakan na iya haifar da matsaloli.

• Idan apoptosis ya wuce gona da iri, yana iya lalata ƙwayoyin halitta masu lafiya da jikinmu ke buƙata. Misali, ana ganin wannan yanayin a cikin cututtuka kamar cutar Alzheimer.
• Idan apoptosis bai faru yadda ya kamata ba (an rage): Kwayoyin da suka lalace kuma suka karye suna nan a cikin jiki, inda suke fara rabuwa da ninkawa ba tare da wata matsala ba. Wannan na iya haifar da cututtuka kamar ciwon daji.

Wataƙila kuna sha'awar koyo game da apoptosis saboda kai ko wani da kuka sani an gano yana da shi. Abu ne na halitta a yi mamakin yadda waɗannan ƙananan hanyoyin da ke cikin ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda za a iya gani kawai da na'urar hangen nesa za su iya dangantawa da alamun da muke fuskanta. Duk da haka, fahimtar apoptosis na iya taimaka muku fahimtar 'dalilin' da ke bayan ganewar cutar. Wannan ilimin kuma zai iya taimaka muku yin magana da likitanku game da yanayin ku da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.

Me ke faruwa da apoptosis? Menene manufarsa?

Apoptosis tsari ne da ke da matuƙar muhimmanci ga jikinmu. Yana farawa tun kafin a haife mu. Ka yi tunani a kai, idan tayin yana tasowa a cikin mahaifa, misali, domin yatsun su samar da kyau, wasu ƙwayoyin halitta a tsakanin suna buƙatar mutuwa a lokacin da ya dace. Wannan shine abin da apoptosis ke taimakawa.

Ko bayan an haife mu, apoptosis yana yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa:

• Tsoffin ƙwayoyin halitta da kyallen jikinmu suna buƙatar a riƙa maye gurbinsu da sababbi akai-akai. Apoptosis yana taimakawa wajen magance wannan.
• Yana taimaka wa garkuwar jikinmu wajen yaƙar cututtuka daban-daban.
• Lalacewa,Ana cire ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda ba za a iya sake farfaɗowa ba daga jiki.
• Yana hana ƙwayoyin da suka lalace su yawaita ba tare da an iya sarrafa su ba.
• Yana taimakawa wajen daidaita daidaito (`(Homeostasis)`) a cikin kyallen jiki.

Ta yaya wannan abu da ake kira apoptosis yake aiki?

Wannan tsari ne mai sarkakiya, amma a taƙaice, yana faruwa kamar haka. Wasu sunadarai na musamman a jikinmu suna fara wannan tsari na apoptosis. Misali shine furotin da ake kira `(p53 protein).` Wannan kuma ana kiransa ''tumor suppressor protein'' saboda yana taimakawa wajen dakatar da ƙwayoyin halitta daga rabuwa ba tare da kulawa ba, kamar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.

Ga yadda furotin 'p53' ke aiki:

1. Da farko, wannan furotin yana kunna "kwayoyin halitta" waɗanda ke adana bayanai a jikinmu kuma yana ƙoƙarin gyara ƙwayoyin halitta masu "DNA" da suka lalace.

2. Duk da haka, idan lalacewar ta yi yawa da ba za a iya gyara ta ba, wannan furotin ba zai bar wannan ƙwayar ta rabu ko ta ninka ba.

3. Madadin haka, wannan furotin yana aika sigina, "To, yanzu wannan ƙwayar halitta tana buƙatar fara tsarin apoptosis."

Da zarar an fara apoptosis, jerin canje-canje na sinadarai suna faruwa, kuma ƙwayar ta rabu zuwa ƙananan guntu. Sannan, ƙwayar da ke mutuwa tana aika sigina zuwa wasu ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira phagocytes (wani nau'in ƙwayar jinin farin jini, kamar masu tattara shara na jikinmu), tana cewa, "Ku zo ku ci waɗannan guntu nawa." A lokaci guda, ƙwayar da ke mutuwa tana aika sigina zuwa kyallen da ke kewaye waɗanda ke taimakawa rage kumburi da warkarwa da sauri. Yana da kyau sosai, ko ba haka ba?

Shin yawan apoptosis yana da haɗari?

Eh, babu shakka. Idan apoptosis ya faru da yawa, ƙwayoyin lafiya da jikinmu ke buƙata suma za su iya mutuwa. Wannan mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da ta wuce kima tana da alaƙa da ci gaban cututtuka da yawa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan sun haɗa da:

• `(Cutar Alzheimer)` (Cutar Alzheimer)
• `(Cutar Huntington)` (Cutar Huntington)
• `(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS))` (cutar ALS)
• `(Cutar Parkinson)` (Cutar Parkinson)
• (AIDS)` (AIDS)
• Ciwon ulcerative colitis
• `(Rheumatoid Arthritis)` (Rheumatoid Arthritis)

A irin waɗannan yanayi, alamun suna tasowa ne sakamakon lalacewar ƙwayoyin halitta da jiki ke buƙata.

Me zai faru idan apoptosis bai faru yadda ya kamata ba (an rage shi)?

Kamar yadda muka yi magana a baya, apoptosis yana da mahimmanci don kawar da ƙwayoyin da suka lalace, ko kuma don dakatar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta ba tare da tsari ba. Don haka, idan wannan bai faru yadda ya kamata ba, wato , idan apoptosis bai faru sosai ba, waɗannan ƙwayoyin da suka lalace za su zauna a cikin jiki kuma su fara rabuwa da ninkawa ba tare da wata matsala ba.

Wannan kamar ciyawa ce. Idan ba a kula da ita yadda ya kamata ba, za ta yaɗu cikin sauri ta lalata lambun gaba ɗaya.

Wannan yaduwar ƙwayoyin halitta mara kyau yana haifar da ciwon daji da kuma matsalolin garkuwar jiki.Matsalolin lafiya masu tsanani na iya faruwa.

Menene rawar da apoptosis ke takawa wajen magance cututtuka?

Masu bincike sun gano cewa canje-canje a tsarin apoptosis yana da alaƙa da ci gaban wasu cututtuka. Don haka yanzu suna neman magunguna waɗanda za su iya dakatar da apoptosis idan ya yi yawa, ko kuma su ƙarfafa shi lokacin da ake buƙata .

Ka yi tunanin, wani lokacin wasu sunadarai a jikinmu suna dakatar da apoptosis lokacin da ya kamata ya faru. Sannan ƙwayoyin da suka lalace za su iya ci gaba da girma su zama ciwon daji. Masu bincike suna neman magunguna da za su iya dakatar da aikin waɗannan sunadarai. Sannan apoptosis na iya faruwa yadda ya kamata, kuma waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau suna lalacewa.

Akwai wasu lokuta da muke son rage saurin aiwatar da apoptosis kaɗan domin mu iya hana ƙwayoyin halitta masu lafiya da muke buƙata mutuwa.

Maganin da ke magance apoptosis ta wannan hanyar na iya taimakawa wajen magance cututtuka da yawa a nan gaba. Likitan ku zai iya gaya muku ƙarin bayani game da wannan.

Menene bambanci tsakanin apoptosis da necrosis?

Kamar apoptosis, necrosis wani tsari ne da ƙwayoyin halitta ke mutuwa. Babban bambanci tsakanin su biyun shine apoptosis yana taimaka mana mu girma tun kafin a haife mu, a lokacin matakin amfrayo (ku tuna da waɗannan tsarin kamar yatsu?). Duk da haka, necrosis ba shi da alaƙa da ci gaban amfrayo. Yawanci yana faruwa ne bayan an haife mu, lokacin da ƙwayoyin halitta suka lalace ta hanyar cututtuka daban-daban, raunuka, guba, da sauransu.

Masu bincike sun daɗe suna tunanin cewa apoptosis da necrosis hanyoyi ne guda biyu da suka saba wa juna. Sun yi tunanin cewa apoptosis mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta ce da aka tsara, kuma necrosis mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta ce da ba a tsara ba, kuma rudani . Wannan gaskiya ne a wani mataki. A cikin necrosis, abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayar halitta da ke mutuwa suna fitowa, suna bazuwa zuwa ga kyallen da ke kewaye, kuma suna iya haifar da kumburi. Yana da ɗan "rikici". Amma a cikin apoptosis, ƙwayoyin halitta suna mutuwa ba tare da zubar da abubuwan da ke cikinsu ba. Madadin haka, ana tattara sassan ƙwayoyin halitta cikin tsari, kuma ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira phagocytes suna shigowa su cinye su.

Duk da haka, sabon bincike ya gano cewa akwai wasu kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyin guda biyu. An gano cewa wasu nau'ikan necrosis, kamar apoptosis, an tsara su (ko an tsara su) necroptosis. Misalan sun haɗa da necroptosis da pyroptosis . Wani lokaci, idan apoptosis ya gaza, jiki yana amfani da hanyoyi kamar necroptosis don kawar da ƙwayoyin da ba a so ko masu cutarwa. Don haka, waɗannan hanyoyin mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban suna aiki tare don taimakawa wajen kare jikinmu.

Yaya ake furta kalmar 'Apoptosis'?

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu da aka saba furta kalmar 'Apoptosis'. Ɗaya ita ce 'App-up-toe-sis' ɗayan kuma ita ce 'App-uh-toe-sis', wanda ke nufin ba tare da sautin 'p' na biyu ba. Za ka iya tambayar likitanka game da wannan, ko duk wata kalma da ta shafi lafiyarka. Ba babban abu ba ne, abu mafi mahimmanci shine fahimtar manufar.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna

Apoptosis wani tsari ne da ba a gani ba, amma mai matuƙar muhimmanci wanda ke faruwa a cikin jikinmu kowace rana don kiyaye mu da rai da lafiya. Wannan mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da aka tsara ba wai kawai tana tallafawa lafiyarmu ba har ma tana taimakawa wajen hana cututtuka.

Idan an gano cewa kana da apoptosis, yi magana da likitanka game da shi don ka fahimci yanayin, yadda yake shafarka, da kuma hanyoyin magance shi.

Ka tuna, sanin abubuwa kamar haka zai taimaka maka sosai wajen yanke shawara game da lafiyarka.

Apoptosis , mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta, mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da aka tsara, aikin jiki, lafiya, cuta, ciwon daji