Shin kun taɓa ganin wani a sashin kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) ko wani wanda aka kawo shi ɗakin gaggawa (ETU) yana fama da matsalar numfashi mai tsanani, kuma likitoci suka yi gaggawar gaya musu su "yi ABG"? Wannan gwajin jini ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci kuma na musamman. A yau, za mu yi magana a kai a sauƙaƙe, ta hanyar da za ku iya fahimta.
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A taƙaice dai, menene wannan gwajin ABG?
ABG (Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi) gwaji ne da ke ɗaukar ƙaramin jini daga jijiyar da ke jikinmu. Yanzu za ku iya tunanin, "Sauran gwaje-gwajen jini suna ɗaukar jini daga jijiyar, menene bambanci?"
Ka yi tunanin hakan ta wannan hanyar. Jikinmu kamar birni ne.
- Jijiyoyi kamar manyan hanyoyi ne da ke kawo muhimman abubuwa kamar iskar oxygen da abinci mai gina jiki zuwa birni.
- Jijiyoyi kamar tsoffin hanyoyi ne a cikin birni waɗanda ke ɗauke da sharar gida kamar carbon dioxide zuwa birnin.
Don haka, idan muna son sanin ainihin adadin iskar oxygen da ke shiga gaɓoɓin jikinmu, musamman kwakwalwa da zuciya, muna buƙatar gwada jinin da ke kan wannan "hanyar," ko ba haka ba? Shi ya sa ake ɗaukar jini daga jijiyar jini don gwajin ABG.
Wannan gwajin galibi yana auna matakan iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide a cikin jininka. Hakanan yana auna ma'aunin acid-base, ko pH, na jininka. Wannan daidaito yana da mahimmanci ga dukkan hanyoyin da ke cikin jikinmu.
Menene ainihin ma'aunin gwajin ABG?
Idan ka duba rahoton ABG, za ka ga wasu haruffa waɗanda suke da ɗan wahalar fahimta. Amma ma'anar tana da sauƙi. Bari mu ga ma'anar kowanne daga cikin waɗannan dabi'u.
| Aunawa | Ma'ana mai sauƙi |
|---|---|
| pH | Wannan yana nuna maka yadda jininka yake da acid. Wannan ƙimar ya kamata ta kasance tsakanin 7.35 da 7.45. Duk wani abu da ya yi ƙasa da haka yana nufin jininka yana da acid, kuma duk wani abu da ya fi haka yana nufin alkaline ne. |
| PaO2 (Matsakaicin matsin lamba na iskar oxygen) | Adadin iskar oxygen da ke narkewa a cikin jini. Wannan yana nuna yadda iskar oxygen ke shiga cikin jini daga huhu. |
| PaCO2 (Matsakaicin matsin lamba na carbon dioxide) | Adadin iskar carbon dioxide da ke cikin jininka. Wannan yana nuna yadda jikinka ke cire iskar carbon dioxide yadda ya kamata. |
| HCO3 (Bicarbonate) | Wannan tushe ne a cikin jininmu. Koda ne ke sarrafa shi. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don daidaita pH na jini. |
| O2Sat (Cikakken iskar oxygen) | Yana nuna adadin sinadarin haemoglobin na furotin da ke cikin jini, a matsayin kashi. Na'urar auna bugun zuciya da ka sanya a yatsanka tana auna daidai darajar. |
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Check Availability →Yaushe ake buƙatar gwajin ABG?
Wannan ba gwaji ba ne da ake yi don duba marasa lafiya akai-akai. Sau da yawa ana yin sa ne a lokacin gaggawa da kuma lura da yanayin marasa lafiya da suka riga suka kwanta a asibiti . Ga wasu daga cikin manyan dalilan da ya sa likita zai iya yin odar wannan gwajin:
- Matsalolin numfashi masu tsanani: A cikin yanayi kamar ƙaruwar asma da taruwar ruwa a cikin huhu (matsanancin gazawar numfashi).
- Mummunan yanayi na kamuwa da cuta: A cikin cututtukan da ke barazana ga rayuwa kamar sepsis ko girgizar septic.
- Matsalolin da suka shafi ciwon suga: A cikin yanayi inda jini ke zama mai tsami, kamar ketoacidosis na ciwon suga (DKA).
- Ciwon zuciya ko gazawar zuciya: Lokacin da zuciya ta daina aiki ba zato ba tsammani (Matsalar bugun zuciya mai tsanani) ko kuma lokacin da zuciya ta tsaya (Matsalar bugun zuciya).
- Matsalar koda: Idan kodan ba su iya cire sinadarin acid daga jini yadda ya kamata ba, jinin zai zama mai acid. Koyi game da wannan yanayin.
- Guba: Idan aka sha wasu guba, pH na jini yana canzawa.
- Kafin da kuma bayan babban tiyata: A lura da yanayin numfashin majiyyaci yayin maganin sa barci da kuma bayan tiyata.
- Cututtukan huhu na dogon lokaci: Duba ko maganin ya yi nasara ga mutanen da ke da cututtuka kamar COPD (cutar huhu mai toshewa akai-akai).
Ta yaya ake yin wannan gwajin? Shin yana ciwo?
Yin gwajin ABG ya ɗan bambanta da gwajin jini na yau da kullun.
Kafin gwajin
Wani lokaci, idan ana ba ku ƙarin iskar oxygen, ana iya dakatar da shi kimanin mintuna 20 kafin gwajin. Wannan don ganin yadda jikinku ke aiki ba tare da iskar oxygen ba. Amma idan ba za ku iya yin hakan ba tare da iskar oxygen ba, ba za ku iya yin hakan ba. Idan ana ɗaukar jini daga wuyan hannunku, likita ko jami'in da aka horar zai iya yin gwaji mai sauƙi da ake kira 'gwajin Allen' don ganin ko akwai ingantaccen zagayawar jini a hannunku.
Yayin da ake yin gwajin
1. Likita ko ƙwararren ƙwararre zai sami jijiyar jini a cikin wuyan hannu (jijiyar radial), kusa da gwiwar hannu (jijiyar brachial), ko kuma a cikin kugu (jijiyar femoral).
2. A tsaftace wurin sosai sannan a shafa maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
3. Sannan, a saka ƙaramin allura a cikin jijiyar sannan a zana ƙaramin jini a cikin sirinji.
4. Gaskiya , wannan zai iya ɗan fi zafi fiye da samun jini daga jijiyar. Wannan saboda jijiyar tana da ɗan zurfi a ƙarƙashin fatarmu kuma tana da ƙarin jijiyoyi a kusa da ita. Amma ciwon yana faruwa ne kawai a lokacin da aka saka allurar.
5. Bayan an tattara jinin da ake buƙata, a cire allurar a shafa a wurin da auduga ko gauze don dakatar da zubar jinin na tsawon mintuna 5 zuwa 10. Idan kana shan maganin rage jini, za ka iya buƙatar saka matsi na tsawon lokaci.
Bayan gwajin
Yankin da aka saka allurar na iya zama ɗan ƙuraje ko shuɗi. Wannan abu ne na al'ada. Likitanka zai gaya maka ka guji ɗaga abubuwa masu nauyi da wannan hannun na tsawon awanni 24 bayan an ɗauki jinin.
Sakamakon gwajin ABG yana samuwa cikin sauri, yawanci cikin mintuna 10-15. Waɗannan sakamakon suna da matuƙar muhimmanci don yanke shawara cikin gaggawa.
Yaya matsakaicin ƙima yake a cikin rahoton?
Waɗannan dabi'un na iya bambanta kaɗan daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, amma waɗannan su ne matsakaicin ƙima ga babba mai lafiya a matakin teku. Zai fi kyau ka nemi cikakken bayani game da ƙimar da ke cikin rahotonka.
| Aunawa | Matsakaicin Nisa |
|---|---|
| pH | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| PaO2 | 75 - 100 mmHg |
| PaCO2 | 35 - 45 mmHg |
| HCO3 | 22 - 26 mEq/L |
| O2Sat | 95% - 100% |
Idan waɗannan dabi'un ba su kai matsayin da aka saba ba, hakan na iya nufin cewa jikinka ba ya samun isasshen iskar oxygen , ko kuma carbon dioxide ba ya fita daga tsarin jikinka yadda ya kamata , ko kuma cewa ma'aunin acid/tushe na jininka ya lalace . Likitanka zai yi amfani da wannan rahoton, alamominka, da sauran gwaje-gwaje don tantance ainihin abin da ke damunka.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- ABG ba gwajin jini bane na yau da kullun da ake yi daga jijiyar jini, amma gwaji ne na musamman da ake yi daga jijiyar jini, babban jijiyoyin jini wanda ke samar da iskar oxygen ga jiki.
- Wannan galibi yana auna iskar oxygen, carbon dioxide, da acidity (pH) a cikin jini.
- Wannan yana da mahimmanci don gano yanayin lafiya da wuri a cikin gaggawa da yanayi mai tsanani kamar wahalar numfashi, cututtuka masu tsanani, da cututtukan zuciya.
- Ko da yake yana iya ɗan fi zafi fiye da gwajin jini na yau da kullun, bayanin da yake bayarwa zai iya taimakawa wajen ceton rai.
- Kullum ku yi magana da likitan ku game da sakamakon gwajin ABG ɗinku da kuma ma'anarsu.
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