Menene gwajin gawarwaki? Bari mu yi bayani dalla-dalla game da wannan.

Shin kun taɓa jin labarin gwajin gawawwaki? Wataƙila kun gan shi a fim ko a labarai. Duk da cewa wannan batu ne mai mahimmanci, yana da kyau a san shi. Domin kuwa, abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci a fannin likitanci da shari'a. Don haka, a yau za mu yi magana game da menene gwajin gawawwaki, wanene ya yi shi, ta yaya, da kuma dalilin hakan.

Menene ainihin gwajin gawawwaki?

A taƙaice dai, gwajin gawarwaki wani gwaji ne na musamman da ake yi bayan wani ya mutu don gano musabbabin mutuwar, wani lokacin kuma hanyar mutuwar. Yana kama da aikin jami'in bincike. Likitan da aka horar musamman, wanda ake kira likitan cututtuka , yana duba ciki da wajen gawar mamacin a hankali.

Kalmar Ingilishi "autopsy" ta fito ne daga kalmar Girkanci "autopsia." Tana nufin "ganin kanka." Wato, likitan cututtuka yana duba gawar da idanunsa kuma yana ƙoƙarin gano musabbabin mutuwar. Wasu mutane kuma suna kiranta "binciken bayan mutuwa," musamman a ƙasashe kamar Ingila. "Bayan" yana nufin "bayan" kuma "gawar" yana nufin "mutuwa." Don haka ma'anar iri ɗaya ce.

Yaushe ake yin gwajin gawarwaki?

Akwai manyan nau'ikan gawarwaki guda biyu, ya danganta da dalilin da yasa aka yi ta. Bari mu duba menene su.

1. Gawarwakin da aka yi wa gwaji a asibiti

Wannan shine abin da muke yawan tunawa idan muka ji kalmar "forensic" ko "forensic " a Turanci. Ana yin waɗannan ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken shari'a. Kalmar "forensic" tana nufin "daga cikin hanyoyin kimiyya na warware laifuka." Ka yi tunanin, idan 'yan sanda za su binciki mutuwa da ake zargi, wannan shine irin binciken da za a gudanar.

Gabaɗaya, a Sri Lanka da sauran ƙasashe a faɗin duniya, doka ta ƙayyade takamaiman shari'o'i da ake buƙatar yin gwajin gawarwakin masu laifi. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan nau'ikan mace-mace suna buƙatar gwajin gawarwakin masu laifi:

• Ba na dabi'a ba: Wato, idan mutuwar ta faru ne saboda wani abu kamar kisan kai, kashe kai, ko haɗari.
• Mutuwa ta bazata ko ba zato ba tsammani: musamman na jariri ko ƙaramin yaro.
• Idan ana zargin mutum: Idan akwai wata matsala game da mutuwar.
• Idan ba a san musabbabin mutuwar ba.
• Idan mutuwa ce mai tsanani.
• Idan mutuwa ce da ba a sani ba .
• Idan mutuwar ta faru ne sakamakon hatsari a wurin aiki (Rauni Mai Tsanani a Wurin Aiki).
• Mutuwa da ta faru sakamakon haɗarin masana'antu: Misali, gobara ko malalar sinadarai masu guba.
• Idan akwai mace-mace da ta faru a lokacin ko bayan magani ko tiyata, kuma idan akwai zargin sakaci a fannin lafiya.
• Mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da sa barci ita ce:Wannan yana nufin mutuwa da ta faru bayan an yi mata maganin sa barci don tiyata ko wata hanyar magani.

Mutanen da ke da ikon yin odar irin wannan gwajin gawarwakin na iya bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Misali:

• Mai Duba Gawar Mutum ko Mai Duba Lafiya
• Alkali
• 'Yan sanda

2. Gawarwakin Asibiti (Gawarwakin Asibiti)

Ana kuma kiran wannan da "Pathological Ambulance" (Gwajin Ganewar Gawarwaki ). Yawanci likitan cututtuka ne ke yin wannan a asibiti don tantance ainihin musabbabin mutuwar idan ta faru ta halitta , ko kuma don fahimtar ta sosai.

Mutuwa ta halitta ita ce mutuwa da ke faruwa lokacin da jiki ya daina aiki saboda wani abu na ciki, kamar ciwon daji, bugun zuciya, ko cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa. Wato, babu wani abin da ke haifar da mutuwa daga waje (misali, rauni, nutsewa).

Wani lokaci, dangin mamacin - wato, iyalin - za su iya neman irin wannan gwajin gawar. Ka yi tunanin, iyalin suna son su sani, "Me ya faru da mu, menene ainihin rashin lafiyar?" Sannan za su iya neman wannan. A madadin haka, likitan da ya yi wa mutumin magani shi ma zai iya samun izini daga danginsa ya yi masa irin wannan gwajin gawar.

Tsawon wane lokaci bayan mutuwa za a iya yin gwajin gawawwaki?

Ana iya yin gwajin gawarwaki a kowane lokaci bayan mutuwa. Duk da haka, ya fi kyau a yi shi da wuri-wuri. Wannan saboda, bayan kimanin awanni 24, gabobin jiki da sauran kyallen jiki sun fara ruɓewa. Wannan yana sa ya yi wuya a yi wasu gwaje-gwaje da kuma tantance sahihancin sakamakon.

Likitocin binciken cututtuka na iya yin gwajin gawarwaki a kan gawarwakin da suka ruɓe ko kuma gawarwakin da aka tono. Duk da haka, adadin bayanai da shaidu da za a iya samu a irin waɗannan yanayi na iya zama kaɗan.

Wanene ke yin wannan binciken gawarwakin?

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ƙwararren masani ne da ake kira likitan cututtuka . Pathology wani reshe ne na magani wanda ya ƙunshi duba samfuran ƙwayoyin jiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje don dalilai na bincike ko bincike.

Likitocin da ke yin gwajin gawarwaki likitoci ne na likitanci. Suna da ilimi mai zurfi da horo na musamman game da jikin ɗan adam. Yawanci, zama likitan cututtuka yana buƙatar ilimi tsakanin shekaru 11 zuwa 13.

Wataƙila ka taɓa jin labarin wani mutum da ake kira "Mai Binciken Lafiya" yana yin gwajin gawarwaki. Sau da yawa ana amfani da "Mai Binciken Lafiya" a matsayin matsayin aiki ga likitan da ke yin binciken gawarwaki, yawanci ma'aikacin gwamnati ne wanda ke yin gwajin gawarwaki.

Me ake yi a lokacin gwajin gawawwaki?

Tsarin yin gwajin gawawwaki na iya bambanta kaɗan dangane da dalilin da ya sa aka yi gwajin gawawwaki. Ana yin gwaje-gwajen gawawwaki na binciken gawawwaki dalla-dalla. Kusan kowane ɓangare na jiki ana duba shi. Hakanan yawanci sun haɗa da binciken wurin da aka aikata laifuka da kuma binciken guba - nazarin guba, tasirinsu, da kuma gano su.

Duk da haka, a lokacin binciken gawarwakin mutane, ana iya duba wasu sassan jiki na musamman kawai. Haka kuma, ba a cika yin gwaje-gwajen guba a lokacin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba.

Gabaɗaya, matakan gwajin gawawwakin na iya kama da haka:

1. Likitan cututtuka ya sanya gawar mamacin a kan teburin gwaji a hankali.

2. Sannan, ana lura da wajen jikin sosai. Suna neman duk wani abu da ba a saba gani ba, duk wani abu da zai iya alaƙa da mutuwa. Suna ɗaukar duk wannan. Hakanan suna iya ɗaukar hotuna da X-ray na gawar.

3. Bayan haka, likitan ya yi amfani da wani kaifi mai kaifi don yanke fata daga ƙashin wuya zuwa ƙasan ciki sannan ya duba cikin jiki. A can, ana cire dukkan kyallen jiki da gabobin da ke cikin jiki kuma ana duba su, da kuma takamaiman waɗanda.

4. Ana ɗaukar ƙananan samfuran nama daga gabobi sannan a duba su a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa.

5. Wani lokaci, likitan cututtuka yana yanke kwanyar da fatar kai sannan ya duba kwakwalwa.

6. Ana ɗaukar samfuran ruwan jiki, nama, da gabobin jiki kuma ana yin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban (misali, nazarin sinadarai, nazarin guba) a dakunan gwaje-gwaje.

7. A cikin binciken gawarwakin mutane, ana tattara abubuwa "marasa kyau" (misali, tarkace, harsasai) da aka samu a ciki ko wajen jikin mutum sannan a duba su.

8. Bayan gwajin gawarwaki na bincike, likitan ya kan mayar da gabobin jiki cikin jiki, sai dai kwakwalwa, sannan ya dinka fata sosai. Wato, suna ƙoƙarin yin kusa da ainihin wurin da za su iya. Duk da haka, a cikin binciken gawarwaki na asibiti, galibi ba a mayar da gabobin jiki cikin jiki ba. Wannan saboda ana iya amfani da gabobin don ƙarin gwaji, kuma wataƙila ma don karatun ɗaliban likitanci.

9. Duk da haka, masana cututtuka koyaushe suna ƙoƙarin girmama gawar mamacin kuma su kawo ta ga mafi kyawun yanayin kwalliya.

Wani lokaci, likitan cututtuka na iya buƙatar ajiye wasu gaɓoɓi don ƙarin gwaji, ko kuma yana iya riƙe gaɓoɓi kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin Fom ɗin Yarjejeniya. Bayan an kammala duk waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, likitan cututtuka yana shirya Cikakken Bayani.

Ƙarin Manufofin Binciken Gawawwakin Mutum

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, babban manufar kowace tiyatar gawa ita ce a gano musabbabin mutuwar. Duk da haka, gwaje-gwajen gawawwakin da aka yi a asibiti suna da wasu takamaiman dalilai da dama:

• Tabbatar da Shaida: Wani lokaci ba a san ko wanene mamacin ba. Sannan abubuwa kamar gwajin yatsa da gwajin DNA na iya taimakawa wajen magance wannan.
• Taimakawa wajen tabbatarwa ko musanta zarge-zargen da ake yi game da yadda aka mutu: Wato, taimakawa wajen tantance ko mutuwa ta kasance kisa ko hatsari bisa ga shaidar likita.
• Kimanta Lokaci Tun Bayan Mutuwa.

Tsawon wane lokaci ake ɗauka kafin a yi gwajin gawawwaki?

Yawanci yana ɗaukar sa'o'i biyu zuwa huɗu kafin a duba gawar. Za a kammala gwajin gawar kuma za a sami sakamakon farko cikin kwana biyu zuwa uku.

Duk da haka, yawanci yana iya ɗaukar makonni shida ko fiye kafin a shirya cikakken rahoton gawarwakin. Akwai dalilai da dama da za su iya haifar da wannan jinkiri:

• Ko dai binciken sirri ne ko kuma binciken asibiti.
• Rikicewar mutuwar da/ko sarkakiyar shaidar.
• Ko likitan cututtuka yana buƙatar jira sakamakon wasu gwaje-gwaje (misali gwaje-gwajen jini, gwaje-gwajen DNA ).
• Adadin gwaje-gwajen gawarwakin da likitan cututtuka zai yi a wani lokaci da kuma adadin likitocin da ke wannan fanni.

Menene ke cikin Rahoton Gano Mace Mai Ciki?

Rahoton gawarwaki takarda ce da ke ɗauke da cikakkun bayanai game da duk wani abu da aka lura da shi, bincike, da kuma gwajin da aka yi a jikin mutum.

Wannan yawanci yana bayyana a sarari Mummunan Mutuwa da kuma Yadda Mutuwa Take Gabaɗaya . Likitan Cututtuka, bisa ga shaidar kimiyya da ta likitanci, ya rarraba hanyar mutuwa zuwa ɗaya daga cikin rukunoni biyar:

1. Hatsari

2. Dalilan Halitta

3. Kisan kai

4. Kashe kai

5. Ba a tantance ba

Wani lokaci, komai kyawun da likitan cututtuka ya yi wajen yin gwajin gawa, ba za a iya tantance musabbabin mutuwar ba. Ana kiran wannan da "mara kyau" ko "mara kyau" . A nan gaba, tare da dabarun dakin gwaje-gwaje na zamani, yana iya yiwuwa a gano musabbabin irin waɗannan mace-macen a wani lokaci na gaba.

Me rahoton gawarwakin ya ce a zahiri?

Rahoton gawawwakin ya ƙunshi sakamakon binciken kimiyya da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a kan gawa da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin gawar. Duk da haka, gawawwakin gawawwakin gawawwakin gawawwakin ba zai iya tantance yadda wani ya mutu bisa doka ba. A yawancin ƙasashe, Kotun Shari'a ce ke yanke hukunci na ƙarshe. Masu bincike da sauran wakilan shari'a suna haɗa bayanan da ke cikin rahoton gawawwakin gawawwakin tare da wasu shaidu da suka tattara don cimma matsaya game da yadda aka kashe shi.

Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa komai ilimin da horon da masana cututtuka ke da shi, su mutane ne kamar mu. Kamar kowa, suna iya yin kuskure. Ko kuma, wani lokacin, ba za su iya tantance ainihin musabbabin mutuwar ba. A wasu lokuta, iyali ko hukumomin shari'a na iya buƙatar a sake duba gawar mamacin ta hannun wani likitan cututtuka.

Menene amfanin yin gwajin gawarwaki?

Akwai fa'idodi da dama da za a iya samu daga gwajin gawarwaki. Bari mu dubi menene su:

• Faɗaɗa ilimin likitanci: Binciken gawarwakin likitoci, musamman, yana ba likitoci damar ƙara fahimtar cututtuka da kuma yadda suke shafar jikinmu. Ilimin likitanci da aka samu daga wannan zai zama da matuƙar muhimmanci don inganta maganin likita a nan gaba.
• Hana ƙarin mace-mace: A baya, likitocin da suka yi gwajin gawarwakin mutane sun gano abubuwan gaggawa na lafiyar jama'a, kamar hare-haren ta'addanci na anthrax. Hakazalika, an gano haɗarin lafiyar jama'a, kamar gadon jarirai masu lahani ko kujerun mota, waɗanda suka haifar da mutuwar jarirai, ta hanyar irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.
• Gano Yanayin Halittar Halitta: Wani lokaci, gwajin gawarwaki ya nuna cewa mamacin ya mutu ne sakamakon wata cuta da ba a gano ba ko kuma ba a gano ta ba daidai ba. Wannan zai iya taimaka wa dangin mamacin su fahimci haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.
• Bayar da Shaidar Shari'a: Gawarwakin mutane suna da matuƙar amfani wajen warware shari'o'in laifuka kamar kisan kai. Duk da haka, suna iya bayar da shaidar shari'a a shari'o'i kamar mutuwar wurin aiki, haɗarin muhalli, ko kuma rashin bin ƙa'ida a fannin lafiya. Irin waɗannan mutuwar na iya haifar da ƙara.
• Share shakku:Idan gwajin gawarwaki na asibiti ya bayar da amsoshi game da musabbabin mutuwar, yana tabbatar da cewa ganewar asali da maganin da aka yi wa mamacin daidai ne, sau da yawa yana ba da jin daɗin rufewa ko ta'aziyya ga dangi da ƙaunatattunsa. Maimakon yin tunani game da shakku, samun amsoshi na iya taimaka maka ka yi baƙin ciki da kuma jure mutuwar ƙaunataccenka.

Nawa ne kudin gwajin gawarwaki ?

Yawancin asibitoci ba sa karɓar kuɗi don gwajin gawarwakin asibiti da likitan cututtuka ya yi, kuma ana ba da gwajin gawarwakin da aka yi ƙarƙashin ikon likitan gawarwakin ko mai duba lafiyar jiki kyauta.

Duk da haka, akwai kuɗin jigilar gawa zuwa asibiti da kuma dawowa. Bugu da ƙari, kuna iya biyan kuɗin gwajin kwayoyin halitta don gano cututtukan da aka gada.

A ƙarshe, abin da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Gawarwakin mutane suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a fannin likitanci da kuma harkokin shari'a. Suna taimakawa sosai wajen faɗaɗa ilimin likitanci da kuma nemo amsoshin tambayoyin da ba a sani ba.

Idan dole ne a yi maka gwajin gawarwakin wani da kake ƙauna, ka sani cewa likitan zai kula da gawar da kulawa da girmamawa sosai. Za su yi amfani da ƙwarewarsu don samar maka da duk wata hanyar magance matsalar lafiya.

Yana da ɗan wahala a yi magana game da wani abu makamancin haka, amma ina fatan wannan bayanin zai amfane ku.

`Gwajin Gawawwaki, Binciken Gawawwaki Bayan Gawawwaki, Musabbabin Mutuwa, Likitan Cututtuka, Gwajin Gawawwaki na Bincike, Gwajin Gawawwaki na Asibiti