Babban tiyata ta hanyar ƙaramin yankewa? Bari mu yi magana game da Tiyatar Minimally Invasive (MIS)!

Idan muka yi tunanin tiyata, yawancinmu muna tunanin abubuwa masu ban tsoro kamar babban yankewa, kwanaki kaɗan a asibiti, da kuma ciwo mai tsawo, ko ba haka ba? Amma yanzu, kimiyyar likitanci ta ci gaba sosai. A yau, za mu yi magana game da wata tiyata mai ban mamaki wadda ake yi ba tare da waɗannan manyan yankewa ba, amma ta cikin ƙaramin rami kawai. Wannan shine abin da muke kira Minimally Invasive Surgery, ko MIS kamar yadda aka fi sani a tsakanin likitoci.

A taƙaice dai, menene aikin tiyata na Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)?

Wannan ra'ayi ne mai sauƙi. Ka yi tunanin idan ana yi maka tiyata akai-akai, likita zai yi babban yanka, wataƙila tsawon inci da yawa, don isa wurin da ake yin tiyatar. Amma tare da MIS, likitocin tiyata suna yin ƙananan yankewa a fatar jikinka da kyallen jikinka gwargwadon iko. Wannan yana nufin maimakon yin babban yankewa ɗaya, suna yin ɗaya ko fiye da yankewa mai girman ramin maɓalli .

Ta cikin waɗannan ƙananan ramuka, ana saka wani siririn bututu mai kyamara a haɗe (muna kiran wannan endoscope) da kuma kayan aikin tiyata masu tsayi da sirara waɗanda aka ƙera musamman a cikin jiki. Saboda hotunan da ke cikin kyamara ana nuna su a babban allo (mai duba ido), likita zai iya gani a cikin jiki a sarari kuma ya yi aikin tiyatar daidai gwargwado. Wannan yana rage radadin ku, rikitarwa, da lokacin murmurewa sosai.

Wadanne manyan hanyoyin yin waɗannan tiyata ne?

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin fasahar MIS. Ana zaɓar waɗannan hanyoyin bisa ga nau'in tiyata da ɓangaren jiki da ake yi wa magani.

1. Tiyatar ramin maɓalli

Wannan ita ce hanya mafi shahara. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana yin tiyatar ta hanyar yin ƙananan yanke-yanke da dama, saka kyamara ('endoscope') ta cikin ɗaya, da kuma kayan aikin tiyata ta cikin sauran.

• A cikin tiyatar ciki, ana kiran wannan kyamarar laparoscope . Muna kiran waɗannan tiyatar da laparoscopic .
• Thoracoscope kyamara ce da ake amfani da ita wajen tiyatar da ta shafi ramin ƙirji.
• Ana amfani da arthroscope don duba gidajen da ke cikin gidajen kamar gwiwa da kafada.

2. Tiyatar Robot

Wannan wani mataki ne na ci gaba na fasahar MIS. A nan, maimakon sarrafa kayan aikin kai tsaye da hannu, likitan fiɗa yana zaune a na'urar kwamfuta yana sarrafa hannayen robot . Ana saka waɗannan hannayen robot ta ƙananan yankewa. Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar yin tiyata masu laushi, ƙananan matakai tare da daidaito mai girma. Shahararren tsarin tiyata na 'Da Vinci' ɗaya ne daga cikin irin wannan tsarin robot.

3. Tiyatar Endovascular

Wannan wata hanya ce mai ban mamaki. Abin da ake yi a nan shi ne a yi ƙaramin rami da allura, sannan a saka siririn bututu (catheter) ta cikinsa a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Sannan, ana wuce kayan aikin da ake buƙata ta wannan bututun, kuma ana yin tiyata kamar sanya stent a cikin zuciya, kamar "stenting", da "angioplasty". Wani lokaci, ba a buƙatar yin tiyata a nan.

4. Tiyatar Hanyar Hakowa ta Halitta

A wannan hanyar, ba a yin yanke-yanke a ko'ina a jikinka. Madadin haka, ana saka endoscope ta hanyar buɗewar halitta a jiki, kamar baki da hanci, kuma ana yin tiyata kamar cire ƙari a cikin ciki da makogwaro.

Waɗanne tiyata ne aka fi yi ta amfani da hanyar MIS?

A yau, ana yin tiyata mai yawa ta amfani da wannan hanyar MIS. Teburin da ke ƙasa zai ba ku kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da hakan.

Wa ya fi dacewa da wannan tiyatar? Shin kowa zai iya yi?

A lokuta da yawa, wannan hanyar MIS ta fi aminci fiye da tiyatar gargajiya ta buɗe. A gaskiya ma, wani lokacin ma mutanen da ba za su iya jure babban yankewa ko kuma suna da wasu matsalolin lafiya ba za su iya yin tiyata ta amfani da wannan hanyar.

Misali:

• Ba za a iya amfani da wannan hanyar ba a lokutan da ake buƙatar tiyata cikin gaggawa, kamar wanda aka kwantar da shi a sashin kula da gaggawa na ETU (Sashen Kula da Gaggawa) bayan haɗari, saboda yana buƙatar wasu shirye-shirye.
• A lokacin tiyatar laparoscopic, ana tura iskar carbon dioxide zuwa cikin ciki don taimakawa wajen ganin gabobin jiki. Wannan na iya zama haɗari ga mutanen da ke da wasu cututtukan zuciya ko huhu .

Saboda haka, idan kana son yin tiyata, ya fi kyau ka yi magana da likitanka game da wannan aikin kuma ka nemi shawararsa.

Menene fa'idodi da rashin amfanin waɗannan tiyatar?

Kamar kowane abu, wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi da rashin amfani.

Fa'idodi

• Lalacewar (rashin jin daɗi) ga jiki ba ta da yawa.
• Ba a samun zubar jini sosai a lokacin tiyatar.
• Hadarin samun rikitarwa ya yi ƙasa da na tiyatar da aka yi a buɗe.
• Saboda ƙananan raunukan da aka yi wa tiyatar, tabon bayan an warke ƙanana ne ko ma babu su.
• Adadin kwanakin da za ku yi a asibiti ya yi ƙasa. Za ku iya komawa gida a ranar da aka yi muku tiyata.
• Lokacin warkarwa yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci. Duk da cewa babban yankewa na iya ɗaukar watanni kafin ya warke, waɗannan ƙananan yankewar suna warkewa cikin 'yan makonni.
• Saboda ƙarancin ciwo, akwai ƙarancin buƙatar maganin rage radadi.

Rashin amfani

• Wannan yana buƙatar ƙwararrun likitoci da aka horar musamman da kayan aiki na musamman masu tsada .
• Wannan wurin ba zai yiwu a duk asibitoci ba .
• Tiyatar na iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci fiye da tiyatar gargajiya.
• Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ba koyaushe yake dacewa da gaggawa ba.
• Ga wasu mutane (musamman waɗanda ke fama da cututtukan zuciya/huhu), amfani da iskar gas don tiyata na iya haifar da wasu haɗari.