Wataƙila kun ji kalmar 'Opioid'. Waɗannan magunguna ne masu ƙarfi waɗanda likitoci ke rubutawa don magance ciwo mai tsanani. Ana amfani da su don cututtuka kamar ciwon daji, bayan wasu tiyata, da sauransu. Amma saboda tasirinsu mai ƙarfi, idan aka yi amfani da su ba daidai ba, idan aka yi amfani da su fiye da kima, ko kuma idan wani ya kamu da su, zai iya zama babbar barazana ga rayuwa. Don haka a yau za mu yi magana game da wani nau'in magunguna na musamman da ake amfani da su don ceton rayuka a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi masu haɗari, suna yin kamar 'mai adawa'. Wannan shine masu adawa da Opioid.
A taƙaice dai, menene wannan mai adawa da Opioid?
Domin fahimtar wannan, bari mu fara duba yadda magungunan rage radadi na opioid ke aiki a jikinmu. Ka yi tunanin tsarin jijiyoyinmu, musamman kwakwalwa da kashin baya, a matsayin suna da ƙananan 'ƙofofi'. A fannin magani, muna kiran waɗannan 'masu karɓa'. Lokacin da maganin rage radadi na opioid ya shiga jiki, yana ɗaurewa da waɗannan ƙofofi kuma yana 'buɗe su', yana rage radadi da kuma haifar da jin daɗi (farin ciki).
Masu adawa da shan Opioid kamar maɓalli ne daban wanda ya dace da makullin iri ɗaya. Amma idan ka sanya wannan maɓalli a cikin makullin, ba ya buɗe ƙofar. Madadin haka, yana makale a cikin makullin, yana toshe hanyar da maɓallin opioid zai shiga gaba ɗaya. A taƙaice dai, waɗannan magunguna suna toshe masu karɓar opioid, suna hana opioids aiki. Shi ya sa za su iya magance mummunan tasirin shan opioid fiye da kima.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine, idan ba ku da wani maganin Opioid a jikin ku, wannan maganin Opioid Antigonist yawanci ba shi da wani tasiri. Yana aiki ne kawai idan akwai Opioids a jikin ku.
Menene waɗannan magunguna kuma me ake amfani da su?
Akwai nau'ikan magunguna da dama da suka kasance a cikin ajin masu adawa da Opioid. Kowannensu ana amfani da shi ne don takamaiman manufa. Bari mu dubi manyan nau'ikan.
| Sunan maganin | Me ake amfani da shi musamman? | Yadda ake bayarwa |
|---|---|---|
| Naloxone | Ana amfani da shi ne don magance matsalar numfashi da opioids ke haifarwa. Magani ne mai ceton rai. | A matsayin allura (a cikin jijiya ko a cikin jijiya) ko kuma a matsayin feshin hanci (misali Narcan®, Kloxxado®) |
| Naltrexone | Maganin gyara matsalolin shan opioid da barasa. Yana toshe farin cikin shan ƙwayoyi kuma yana taimakawa rage sake dawowa. | A matsayin allura ko kuma a matsayin kwayar da aka sha da baki. (misali Vivitrol®, ReVia®) |
| Methylnaltrexone | Ana amfani da shi don magance maƙarƙashiya da opioid ke haifarwa ga mutanen da ke shan magungunan rage radadi na opioid na dogon lokaci. Yana toshe masu karɓa a cikin hanji ne kawai, ba tare da ya shafi kwakwalwa ba. | A matsayin allura ko kuma a matsayin kwayar da aka sha da baki. (misali Relistor®) |
| Nalmefene | Magani ne mai kama da Naloxone. Ana amfani da shi don magance yawan shan opioid, yana daɗewa a jiki. Amma ba a saba amfani da shi kamar Naloxone ba. | A matsayin allura. (misali Revex®) |
Muhimmancin Naloxone na Musamman
Saboda annobar opioid, ana horar da ma'aikatan gaggawa kamar jami'an 'yan sanda da ma'aikatan motar asibiti a ƙasashe da dama a faɗin duniya don ɗaukar Naloxone da kuma ba shi. Idan wani ya daina numfashi saboda yawan shan maganin opioid, ba da Naloxone cikin mintuna 2 zuwa 5 zai iya ceton rai ta hanyar dawo da numfashin da ya dace.
Menene illar waɗannan magunguna?
Babban kuma nan take tasirin Naloxone, Naltrexone, da Nalmefene shine alamun janyewar opioid.Abin da ya faru.
Ka yi tunanin wani wanda ya kamu da jarabar opioids sosai. Jikinsa ya saba da waɗannan magungunan opioids gaba ɗaya. Idan ka ba wa wani kamar wannan magani kamar Naloxone ba zato ba tsammani, duk magungunan opioid da ke cikin jikinsa za su mutu ba zato ba tsammani. To wannan shine martanin jiki ga hakan.
Babban alamun sune:
- Majina (fitar majina)
- Yagewa da yawa daga idanu
- Yin fitsari akai-akai (rashin yin fitsari akai-akai)
- Ƙara yawan numfashi (Hyperventilation)
- Yawan zafin jiki
- Ƙara yawan bugun zuciya (tachycardia)
- Ciwon tsoka mai tsanani
- Tashin zuciya da amai
- Kumburi (gudawa)
- Rashin kwanciyar hankali da damuwa mai tsanani
Tsananin waɗannan alamomin ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, ya danganta da tsawon lokacin da suka shafe suna amfani da opioids da kuma nau'in da suka yi amfani da shi.
Amma yana da muhimmanci a tuna da wannan. A asibiti, misali a Sashen Gaggawa (ETU) , likitoci za su iya magance waɗannan alamun janyewar da kyau. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar ba da saline, da sauran magunguna kamar Methadone da Buprenorphine.
Illolin methylnaltrexone
Tunda wannan yana shafar hanji, illar da ke tattare da hakan tana da alaƙa da hakan.
- Ciwon ciki
- Cika ciki
- Ƙarancin tashin zuciya ko gudawa
- Ciwon kai
- Mirgina tsoka
- Jin jiri
To menene amfanin waɗannan magunguna?
Duk da illolin da ke tattare da waɗannan magungunan, fa'idodin waɗannan magungunan sun fi yawa.
Naloxone da Nalmefene magunguna ne masu ceton rai. Idan aka yi maganin yawan shan opioid da sauri da kuma daidai, zai iya ceton ran wani. Wannan shine mafi mahimmanci. Idan ka ga wani wanda ba shi da sumba kuma yana numfashi sosai saboda yawan shan opioid, ya kamata ka kai shi nan da nan zuwa Sashen Kula da Gaggawa na Asibiti (ETU) . Haka kuma, idan kana buƙatar bayani game da duk wani guba, za ka iya kiran Cibiyar Bayar da Bayanai game da Guba ta Ƙasa a Asibitin Ƙasa na Colombo don neman shawara.
Naltrexone wata hanya ce mai matuƙar muhimmanci da ake amfani da ita wajen magance matsalar rashin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Duk da haka, wannan maganin kaɗai ba zai iya warkar da wannan matsalar ba. Yana buƙatar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, gyaran hali, da sauran ayyukan tallafi.
Saboda haka, magungunan hana shan Opioid rukuni ne mai matuƙar amfani. Idan kuna da wata damuwa ko tsoro game da waɗannan magungunan ko illolinsu, ku yi magana da likitanku game da su a fili. Zai iya ba ku shawara da goyon bayan da ya dace da kuke buƙata.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Maganin opioid wani nau'in magani ne da ke toshe aikin magungunan rage radadi na opioid.
- Naloxone magani ne na gaggawa da ake bayarwa don dawo da numfashi da kuma ceton rai idan aka yi amfani da opioid fiye da kima.
- Naltrexone magani ne na kulawa don shan barasa ko opioid. Yana toshe jin daɗin ƙwayoyi.
- Idan aka ba wa wanda ya kamu da shan opioids waɗannan magunguna, suna iya haifar da mummunan alamun janyewa, amma ana iya magance su a asibiti.
- Duk da cewa waɗannan magunguna suna da matuƙar muhimmanci, magance jarabar shan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana buƙatar cikakken shiri, gami da ba da shawara kan halayyar ɗan adam.
- Kullum ku tattauna waɗannan magunguna da likitan ku kuma ku nemi shawara mai kyau.
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