Wani lokaci, saboda wani hatsari da ba a iya misaltawa ba, ko kuma saboda wata matsala ta lafiya, ko ma tun daga haihuwa, mutum zai iya rasa hannu. Ko da yake wannan wani abu ne da ke da babban tasiri ga rayuwa, tare da fasahar likitanci mai ci gaba da aka haɓaka a yau, ana iya amfani da hannun roba don taimakawa wajen shawo kan wannan ƙalubalen. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da wannan, wato, hannun roba, a ɗan bayani dalla-dalla .
A taƙaice dai, menene hannun roba?
Hannun roba na'ura ce da za a iya amfani da ita don maye gurbin hannun halitta. Ana kuma kiranta da roba ta sama. Tana iya zama wani ɓangare na hannunka, kamar hannunka, wuyan hannu , hannun hannu, ko ma dukkan hannunka, daga gwiwar hannu, hannun sama, ko kafada. Waɗannan suna zuwa da girma dabam-dabam, tun daga hannun 'yar tsana a shagon tufafi, zuwa na zamani, kamar hannun robot.
Wa ke buƙatar hannun roba?
Wannan yawanci abin damuwa ne ga wanda aka cire wata gaɓa ta hanyar tiyata (yankewa) ko kuma wanda aka haifa da bambancin gaɓɓai na haihuwa. Akwai nau'ikan gaɓɓai daban-daban na roba waɗanda suka dace dangane da yadda aka cire gaɓar da kuma bambancin haihuwa.
Ga wasu misalai:
- Yankan hannunka ta hanyar da ke cikin hannunka: Idan an cire hannunka ta cikin ƙashin da ke hannunka.
- Ragewar gwiwar hannu: Idan hannun ya lalace gaba ɗaya a haɗin gwiwar hannu.
- Yanke hannun da aka cire daga jikin mutum: Idan an cire hannun daga saman gwiwar hannu , ta hanyar ƙashin humerus.
- Ragewar kafada: Idan an cire hannun daga haɗin kafada.
- Yanka wuyan gaba: A cikin wannan, ana cire dukkan hannu, tare da ruwan kafada da ƙashin wuya.
- Rashin gaɓoɓin hannu da aka haifa: Tsawon hannu da faɗinsa suna shafar saboda rashin girman ƙasusuwan hannu a lokacin haihuwa.
Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan hannayen roba ne?
Akwai nau'ikan hannayen roba daban-daban. Wasu don kamanni ne kawai, wasu kuma suna da amfani. Wasu an tsara su ne don ayyukan yau da kullun, yayin da wasu kuma an tsara su ne don ayyuka na musamman ko wasanni. Bari mu dubi manyan nau'ikan.
| Nau'in hannu na roba | Yadda yake aiki da fasalolinsa |
|---|---|
| Aikin gyaran hannu (wanda ake iya gani kawai) | Wannan ba ya aiki kamar hannun ɗan adam, amma ana iya yin sa ya yi kama da hannun halitta. Ana iya yin sa da silicone, launi da siffar dayan hannunka. Mutane da yawa suna amfani da shi lokacin da suke zuwa liyafa da tarukan jama'a. |
| Kayan aikin hannu mai ƙarfin jiki | Wannan na'ura ce ta injiniya. Tana da alaƙa da sauran tsokoki a jikinka (misali kafadarka) ta hanyar tsarin kebul da madauri. Lokacin da kake motsa waɗannan tsokoki, za ka iya sanya ɓangaren wannan hannu na wucin gadi kamar ƙugiya a buɗe kuma a rufe. Wannan yana da kyau sosai ga aiki mai nauyi, domin yana da ɗorewa. |
| Hannun Ƙwaƙwalwa na Musamman na Aiki | Idan kana son yin wani aiki na musamman, wasanni, ko sha'awa, za ka iya tsara wannan hannun don ya dace da hakan. Misali, za ka iya haɗa na'urar da kake buƙata don hawan keke, ɗaga nauyi, ko aikin kafinta kai tsaye zuwa wannan hannun. |
| Myoelectric Arm Prosthesis (hannun da ke aiki ta hanyar siginar lantarki ta tsoka) | Wannan shine nau'in da ya fi ci gaba a yau. Wannan hannun yana da na'urori masu auna sigina (electrodes) waɗanda zasu iya gano siginar lantarki masu rauni lokacin da ka matse sauran tsokoki a hannunka da gangan. Ana amfani da waɗannan siginar don motsa haɗin gwiwa da yatsunsa. Wannan zai iya yin ayyuka masu laushi. Kamar hannun robot. |
| Hannun Ƙwaƙwalwar Hannu Mai Haɗaka | Wannan ya haɗa hanyoyi guda biyu da aka ambata a sama. Misali, ana iya yin gwiwar hannu ta zama mai amfani da jiki, kuma ana iya yin hannu da yatsun hannu su zama masu amfani da wutar lantarki. |
Yaya tsarin samun hannu na roba yake?
Wannan ba abu ne da za a iya yi cikin dare ɗaya ba. Yana buƙatar lokaci, aiki, da haƙuri mai yawa. Dole ne ku yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar likitocin ku a wannan tafiyar.
A takaice dai, wannan tsari ba tafiya ce da kake yi kai kaɗai ba. Aiki ne na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin likitoci, masu ilimin motsa jiki, masu gyaran ƙafa, da kuma iyalanka.
Ga matakan a cikin sauƙi:
1. Shawarwari da tantancewa daga likita: Da farko, kana buƙatar haɗuwa da likitanka don tattauna wannan. Zai tura ka zuwa wurin likitan roba. Za su tattauna yanayin jikinka, salon rayuwarka, buƙatunka, da manufofinka, sannan su tantance irin robar robar da ta fi dacewa da kai.
2. Aunawa da Daidaitawa: Ana yin hakan ne kimanin makonni 3-6 bayan tiyata. Ana yin soket ɗin roba don ya dace da kai ta hanyar ɗaukar ma'aunin sauran hannunka, wataƙila ta amfani da na'urar daukar hoto ta 3D.
3. Horarwa ta asali: Da zarar an yi hannunka, za a ba ka horo na asali kan yadda ake amfani da shi, yadda ake cire shi, yadda ake sanya shi, yadda ake tsaftace shi, da kuma yadda ake sarrafa sassansa.
4. Maganin Jiki da Aikin Hannu: Na gaba, za ku buƙaci yin aiki tare da mai ilimin motsa jiki da mai ilimin motsa jiki don koyon yadda ake amfani da wannan hannun don yin ayyukan yau da kullun. Za a yi motsa jiki don ƙarfafa tsokoki da ake buƙata.
5. Tallafin lafiyar kwakwalwa: Wannan muhimmin bangare ne. Rasa gaɓɓai babban rauni ne na motsin rai. Yayin da kake gyaran jikinka, kana kuma buƙatar warkar da hankalinka. Za ka iya samun taimako mai yawa daga ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa da ƙungiyoyin tallafi tare da mutanen da suka fuskanci irin waɗannan abubuwan da kake fuskanta.
Menene fa'idodi da haɗari a nan?
Ko amfani da hannun roba ko a'a shawara ce ta mutum ɗaya, amma ka yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan kafin ka yanke wannan shawara.
Fa'idodi da fa'idodi
Idan ba ka yi amfani da hannun roba ba, ba tare da saninka ba za ka saba da amfani da ɗayan hannunka don komai. Wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli kamar:
- Rashin daidaiton jiki da kuma yanayin jiki mara kyau.
- Ciwon wuya da baya na dogon lokaci.
- Jin zafi da raunin da ya faru sakamakon amfani da ɗayan hannu da kafada fiye da kima (Raunin da ake yawan samu a lokacin motsa jiki).
Ana iya rage waɗannan haɗarin ta hanyar amfani da hannun roba.
Hadari da ƙalubale
- Idan ana amfani da hannaye masu ƙarfi a jiki, tsokoki na iya jin gajiya.
- Lalacewar injina da na'urorin lantarki na iya haifar da matsalolin caji.
- Idan ba a yi shi yadda ya kamata ba, ciwon matsi ko ƙaiƙayi na iya faruwa.
- Gumi zai iya taruwa a cikin soket ɗin kuma ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi, don haka yana buƙatar a tsaftace shi akai-akai.
Amma ku tuna,Ana iya guje wa yawancin waɗannan haɗarin ta hanyar daidaita su yadda ya kamata, horo, da kuma kulawa.
Sabuwar fasaha mai suna Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR)
Wannan sabuwar fasaha ce mai ci gaba wadda ake yi tare da tiyata. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga waɗanda ke neman amfani da hannun myoelectric.
A taƙaice dai, domin hana radadi faruwa idan aka yanke manyan jijiyoyi yayin tiyatar cire hannu, likitan tiyata yana sake haɗa ƙarshen jijiyoyi zuwa wasu tsokoki. Wannan ana kiransa "Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR)".
Wannan yana da manyan fa'idodi guda biyu:
1. Rage radadi: Yana rage haɗarin ciwon jijiyoyi (neuromas) bayan tiyata da ciwon gabobi (ciwon da ke jin kamar akwai gaɓɓai ko da yake babu shi).
2. Sauƙaƙa sarrafa hannun myoelectric: Ta amfani da waɗannan tsokoki da aka sake haɗa su, ana iya sarrafa hannun myoelectric cikin sauƙi da sauƙi.
Za ka iya tambayar likitanka don ƙarin bayani game da wannan.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Hannun roba babban ƙarfi ne ga wanda ya rasa hannu ɗaya don ci gaba da ayyukan yau da kullun da kuma fuskantar al'umma.
- Akwai nau'ikan hannaye na roba daban-daban da za ku iya zaɓa daga ciki dangane da buƙatunku, salon rayuwarku, da kuma iyawarku ta kuɗi.
- Wannan ba gyara bane nan take. Yana ɗaukar lokaci kafin a saba da shi. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a nemi goyon bayan likitoci, masu ilimin motsa jiki, da ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa a wannan tafiya.
- Tare da ci gaban fasaha, a yau, an ƙirƙiri hannuwa masu ci gaba, har ma da masu laushi, waɗanda za su iya yin ayyuka.
- Haƙuri, hali mai kyau, da kuma kyautatawa ga kanka suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga nasara a duk tsawon wannan tsari.
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