Shin yaronka yana da farare da gajiya koyaushe? Shin zai iya zama Thalassemia?

Shin ƙaramin yaronka yana kama da wanda ya gaji a kowane lokaci? Shin ba ya gudu yana wasa kamar sauran yara? Shin yana da tsananin rashin son cin abinci? Shin ya taɓa jin fari? Abu ne na al'ada ga kowace uwa ko uba su ji tsoro sosai idan suka ga abubuwa kamar haka. Duk da cewa waɗannan alamun galibi suna faruwa ne saboda yanayi na yau da kullun, wani lokacin akwai wata cuta ta lafiya a bayan wannan, kamar Thalassemia. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da menene Thalassemia, yadda yake shafar jikinmu, da kuma menene maganin sa.

Menene ainihin cutar Thalassemia?

A taƙaice dai, cutar thalassemia cuta ce ta gado da ke shafar jininmu . Ba cuta ce mai yaɗuwa ba. Wannan yana nufin ba ya yaɗuwa daga mutum ɗaya zuwa wani kamar mura. Wani abu ne da muke gado daga iyayenmu ta hanyar kwayoyin halittarmu.

Domin fahimtar wannan da kyau, bari mu fara magana kaɗan game da ƙwayoyin jinin ja a cikin jininmu. Ka yi tunanin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja a matsayin sabis na isar da jini wanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen a cikin jikinmu. Abin da wannan sabis ɗin isar da jini ke ɗauke da shi, wato, keken ɗaukar iskar oxygen, ana kiransa haemoglobin . Hemoglobin wani furotin ne na musamman da ake samu a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Wannan shine abin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen daga huhunmu kuma yana rarraba shi zuwa kowace ƙwayar halitta a cikin jiki.

Mutumin da ke fama da cutar thalassemia ba zai iya samar da isasshen wannan furotin da ake kira haemoglobin ba. Kamar lokacin da aka gina mota, idan wasu sassan da ake buƙata sun ɓace ko kuma idan aka yi amfani da ƙananan sassan, motar ba za ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba. Wannan yana haifar da raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja masu lafiya a jiki. Muna kiran wannan yanayin ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

Don haka idan ƙwayoyin halittar jiki ba su sami isasshen iskar oxygen ba, ba za su iya samar da kuzarin da suke buƙata ba. Shi ya sa masu fama da cutar thalassemia ke fuskantar alamu daban-daban.

Wanene ya fi fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cuta?

Ana tsammanin maye gurbi na kwayoyin halitta da ke haifar da wannan ya samo asali ne a cikin mutane a matsayin wani nau'i na kariya daga zazzabin cizon sauro. Saboda haka, mutanen da ke da alaƙa da kwayoyin halitta zuwa yankunan da zazzabin cizon sauro ya zama ruwan dare, kamar Afirka, kudancin Turai, da ƙasashe a Yamma, Kudu, da Gabashin Asiya, suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar thalassemia. Tunda Sri Lanka ita ma ƙasa ce ta Kudancin Asiya, akwai masu ɗauke da cutar thalassemia da marasa lafiya a cikin al'ummarmu.

Me ke haifar da cutar thalassemia? Bari mu yi nazari sosai.

Wannan "kera ta iskar oxygen" da ake kira hemoglobin da na ambata a baya ya ƙunshi sarƙoƙi huɗu na furotin. Biyu daga cikinsu ana kiransu sarƙoƙi na alpha globin , sauran biyu kuma ana kiransu sarƙoƙi na beta globin .

Muna samun "umarnin" ko "lambar" don yin waɗannan sarƙoƙi daga kwayoyin halittar da muka gada daga iyayenmu. Ka yi tunanin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta a matsayin girke-girke na yin abinci. Idan akwai wani lahani ko kuskure a cikin girke-girke, ba za a iya shirya abincin yadda ya kamata ba. Hakazalika, idan akwai wani lahani ko rashin lafiya a cikin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta, sarƙoƙin alpha ko beta globin ba za su samu yadda ya kamata ba. A lokacin ne wata cuta da ake kira thalassemia ta faru.

• Sarkokin Alpha globin: Waɗannan suna buƙatar kwayoyin halitta guda 4 don yin su. Biyu daga uwa da biyu daga uba.
• Sarkokin Beta Globin: Waɗannan suna buƙatar kwayoyin halitta guda biyu don ƙirƙirarsu. Ɗaya daga uwa ɗaya kuma daga uba.

Nau'in thalassemia da kake kamuwa ya dogara ne akan wanne daga cikin waɗannan sarƙoƙi na alpha ko beta yana da lahani a cikin kwayar halitta. Ana ƙayyade tsananin cutar ta hanyar adadin ƙwayoyin halitta masu lahani.

Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan thalassemia ne?

An raba cutar Thalassemia zuwa manyan matakai da dama dangane da tsananin cutar. Wato, yanayin cutar thalassemia, ƙananan thalassemia, tsakiyar thalassemia, da kuma babban thalassemia . A yanayin da mutum ke ɗauke da cutar, ƙila ba za ka sami wata alama ba. Ko kuma ƙila za ka iya samun ƙaramin anemia ne kawai. Babban thalassemia shine mafi tsananin yanayin da ke buƙatar magani.

Akwai manyan nau'i biyu, ya danganta da ko lahani na kwayoyin halitta yana cikin sarƙoƙin alpha ko sarƙoƙin beta.

1. Alpha Thalassemia

Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka sami lahani a cikin ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin kwayoyin halitta guda 4 da ke yin sarƙoƙin alpha globin. Tsananin alamun ya dogara ne akan adadin kwayoyin halitta masu lahani. Bari mu duba wannan ta hanya mai sauƙi don fahimtarsa.

2. Beta Thalassemia

Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne idan akwai lahani a cikin ɗaya ko duka kwayoyin halitta guda biyu da ke yin sarƙoƙin beta globin (ɗaya daga uwa, ɗaya daga uba).

• Kwayar halitta ɗaya mai lahani: Ana kiran wannan yanayin da ƙaramin beta thalassemia ko yanayin ɗaukar cutar. Alamomin ba su da yawa.
• Kwayoyin halitta guda biyu masu lahani: Alamomin na iya kamawa daga matsakaici zuwa mai tsanani.
• Ana kiran wannan yanayin matsakaiciyar Thalassemia intermedia .
• Mafi tsananin nau'in ana kiransa beta thalassemia major ko Cooley's anemia . Waɗannan mutanen suna buƙatar magani akai-akai.

Mene ne alamun cutar thalassemia?

Alamomin da kake fuskanta sun dogara ne kacokan kan nau'in thalassemia da kake da shi da kuma tsananinsa.

Babu wata alama ko wata alama mai sauƙi

Idan ɗaya daga cikin kwayoyin halittar alpha guda huɗu kawai kake rasawa, wataƙila ba za ka sami wata alama ba. Idan kwayoyin halittar alpha guda biyu ko kwayar halittar beta ɗaya suna da lahani, ƙila ba ka da wata alama kwata-kwata. Ko kuma ƙila kana da alamun rashin jini kaɗan ne kawai, kamar jin gajiya a kowane lokaci.

Alamomin matsakaici (Thalassemia Intermedia)

Waɗannan mutanen na iya fuskantar wasu alamu baya ga ƙaramin rashin jini.

• Rashin samun ci gaba: Tsawon yaro da nauyinsa ba sa ƙaruwa daidai da shekarunsa.
• Jinkirin balaga.
• Matsalolin ƙashi:Yanayi kamar osteoporosis.
• Girman Saifa: Saifa wani bangare ne da ke gefen hagu na cikinmu wanda ke taimakawa wajen yaki da cututtuka.

Alamomi masu tsanani (Thalassemia Major)

Alamomi masu tsanani suna faruwa a cikin yanayi kamar lahani na kwayoyin halitta guda uku (cutar Hemoglobin H) da kuma beta thalassemia major (cutar anemia ta Cooley). Waɗannan alamomin galibi suna fara bayyana kafin yaron ya kai shekara biyu .

Baya ga alamomin da ke sama, za ku iya ganin waɗannan:

• Abincin ba shi da ɗanɗano.
• Fatar da ta yi fari ko rawaya (jaundice).
• Fitsari mai duhu (mai launin shayi).
• Matsalolin ƙasusuwan fuska (saboda yawan girman ƙasusuwan kwanyar).

Yaya ake gane wannan cuta?

Sau da yawa ana gano cutar thalassemia mai matsakaici da tsanani tun daga ƙuruciya, yayin da alamun suka fara bayyana a cikin shekaru biyu na farko na rayuwar yaro. Likitanka zai iya yin odar gwaje-gwajen jini daban-daban don tabbatar da ganewar cutar.

• Cikakken Kididdigar Jini (CBC): Wannan yana auna adadin haemoglobin a cikin jini, adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, da girmansu. Mutanen da ke fama da thalassemia suna da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jinin ja masu lafiya da ƙarancin haemoglobin. Jajayen ƙwayoyin jini kuma suna iya zama ƙanƙanta fiye da yadda aka saba.
• Adadin reticulocyte: Wannan yana auna adadin sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Wannan zai iya ba ku ra'ayin ko bargon ƙashin ku yana samar da isassun ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
• Nazarin ƙarfe: Wannan gwajin yana taimakawa wajen gano ko rashin jinin ku yana faruwa ne sakamakon ƙarancin ƙarfe ko kuma thalassemia.
• Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Wannan gwaji ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci don gano cutar beta thalassemia.
• Gwajin Halittar Halitta: Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don gano cutar alpha thalassemia.

Menene hanyoyin magance cutar thalassemia?

Maganin da aka saba amfani da shi don magance cututtuka masu tsanani kamar thalassemia major shine ƙarin jini da kuma maganin cire ƙarfe.

• Zubar da Jini: A taƙaice dai, wannan jini ne na waje. Ana ba da jini mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin jinin ja masu lafiya cikin jiki ta hanyar jijiya. Wannan yana dawo da ƙwayoyin jinin ja masu lafiya da matakan haemoglobin. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi na thalassemia (misali, beta thalassemia major), ana iya buƙatar ƙarin jini akai-akai, kamar kowane mako 2-4 .
• Maganin Kelation na Iron:Ɗaya daga cikin manyan illolin da ke tattare da yawan bayar da jini shine ƙaruwar sinadarin ƙarfe a jiki. Muna kiran wannan yawan sinadarin ƙarfe . Wannan ƙarin sinadarin ƙarfe na iya taruwa a cikin muhimman gabobin jiki kamar zuciya da hanta kuma ya lalata su. Saboda haka, mutanen da ke karɓar jini akai-akai ana ba su magunguna (ƙwayoyi ko allurai) waɗanda ke cire wannan ƙarin sinadarin ƙarfe daga jiki.
• Karin Folic Acid: Ana ba da Folic acid don taimakawa jiki wajen samar da ƙwayoyin jini masu lafiya.
• Dashen Ƙwaya da Ƙashi: Wannan ita ce kawai maganin da zai iya warkar da cutar thalassemia gaba ɗaya . Duk da haka, don wannan, majiyyaci yana buƙatar mai ba da gudummawa mai lafiya wanda ya dace da shi gaba ɗaya. Mafi yawan lokuta, ɗan'uwa ne ko 'yar'uwa. Wannan magani ne mai haɗari kuma mai rikitarwa.
• Luspatercept: Wannan allurar rigakafi ce da ake bayarwa duk bayan mako uku. Tana aiki ta hanyar taimaka wa jiki wajen samar da ƙarin ƙwayoyin jini masu ja.

Yaya rayuwa take da wannan cuta? Za a iya hana ta?

Idan kana da cutar thalassemia minor, za ka iya tsammanin tsawon rai na yau da kullun. Ko da yanayinka matsakaici ne ko mai tsanani, idan ka bi tsarin magani da aka tsara (ƙara jini da maganin cire ƙarfe) daidai, kana da kyakkyawar damar rayuwa mai tsawo.

Wannan cuta ta hanyar gado ce, don haka ba za mu iya hana ta ba. Duk da haka, gwajin kwayoyin halitta zai iya taimaka muku gano ko kai ko abokin tarayya kuna da kwayar halittar thalassemia. Sanin wannan bayanin yana da matukar muhimmanci ga ma'auratan da ke shirin haihuwa. Yi magana da likitanka don ƙarin shawara kan wannan.

A ƙarshe, cutar thalassemia cuta ce da ake iya jurewa. Nau'in maganin da kake buƙata da kuma sau nawa kake buƙatarsa ​​zai dogara ne akan tsananin yanayinka. Yana da mahimmanci ka yi tattaunawa a fili da likitanka game da yanayinka da kuma tsarin kula da lafiyarka na dogon lokaci.