Idan kina da juna biyu, likita ya ce ki yi gwaje-gwaje daban-daban, ko ba haka ba? Wani lokaci idan kin ji sunayen waɗannan gwaje-gwajen likita, sai ki ji ɗan tsoro da son sani. Ga mutane da yawa, gwajin da ba a saba da shi ba, amma mai matuƙar muhimmanci, ana kiransa gwajin karyotype. Wasu mutane kuma suna kiransa gwajin kwayoyin halitta, gwajin chromosome, ko nazarin cytogenetic. Kada ki damu, waɗannan sunaye suna nufin gwajin iri ɗaya. A yau, za mu yi magana game da wannan a sauƙaƙe, ta hanyar da za ki iya fahimta.
Menene ainihin wannan gwajin Karyotype?
A taƙaice dai, gwajin karyotype yana duba chromosomes ɗin da ke cikin ƙwayoyin jikinmu sosai. Ka yi tunanin waɗannan chromosomes a matsayin tsarin yadda za a gina jikinmu. Wannan gwajin yana neman duk wani canji ko rashin daidaituwa a cikin wannan tsarin.
A lokacin da kike da juna biyu, likitanki zai iya yin odar gwaje-gwajen tantancewa don duba wasu yanayi na kwayoyin halitta da na chromosomes a lokacin watanni uku na farko da kuma watanni uku na biyu. A mafi yawan lokuta, sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen yana cikin matsakaicin da aka saba. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin gwaji.
Duk da haka, idan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen farko sun nuna cewa akwai matsala, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar ka yi wani gwaji, kamar gwajin Karyotype. Wannan zai iya tabbatar da tabbas ko jaririn da ke girma a cikin mahaifa yana da matsalar kwayoyin halitta ko ta chromosomal.
Menene gwajin karyotype yake nufi?
Yawanci, mutum mai lafiya yana da ƙwayoyin halitta guda 46. Jariri yana karɓar 23 daga cikin waɗannan daga uwa, sauran 23 kuma daga uba.
Wani lokaci, jariri zai iya samun ƙarin chromosome, babu chromosome ɗaya, ko kuma akwai wani canji mara kyau a cikin ɗaya daga cikin chromosomes. Gwajin karyotype zai iya bayyana daidai ko haka lamarin yake. Waɗannan su ne wasu daga cikin yanayin da likitoci ke nema musamman da wannan gwajin.
| Yanayi | Kawai an yi bayani |
|---|---|
| Ciwon Down (Ƙaura - Trisomy 21) | Jaririn yana da ƙwayoyin halitta guda uku (ƙarin) maimakon biyu a cikin chromosome 21. Wannan yana shafar bayyanar jaririn da kuma iyawarsa ta koyo. |
| Ciwon Edwards (Ciwon Edwards - Trisomy 18) | Jaririn yana da ƙarin chromosome 18. Waɗannan yaran galibi suna da matsalolin lafiya da yawa, kuma da yawa ba sa rayuwa fiye da shekara ɗaya. |
| Ciwon Patau (Trisomy 13) | Jaririn yana da ƙarin chromosome 13. Waɗannan yaran galibi suna da cututtukan zuciya da kuma mummunan raunin hankali. Da yawa ba sa rayuwa fiye da shekara guda. |
| Ciwon Klinefelter | Namiji yana da ƙarin kwayar halittar X (kamar XXY). Balagarsu na iya jinkirta, kuma yaran na iya rasa ikon haihuwa. |
| Ciwon Turner | Yarinya mace na iya samun ɗaya daga cikin ƙwayoyin halittar X ɗinsu da suka ɓace ko suka lalace. Wannan na iya haifar da cututtukan zuciya, matsalolin wuya, da kuma gajeriyar tsayi. |
Ba wai kawai ana amfani da gwajin Karyotype don gano lahani na kwayoyin halitta a cikin jariri a lokacin daukar ciki ba, yana da wasu fa'idodi.
- Idan kina fuskantar matsala wajen ɗaukar ciki , ko kuma kin taɓa yin zubar da ciki sau da yawa, likitanki zai iya yin wannan gwajin don duba duk wata matsala da ke tattare da ƙwayoyin halittar ki ko ta abokin zamanki.
- Ka gano ko za ka iya yada wata cuta ta kwayoyin halitta ga yaronka.
- Idan aka haifi jariri da ba a haifa ba, a tabbatar ko matsalar kwayoyin halitta ce ta dalilin hakan.
- Nemo dalilin duk wata matsala ta jiki ko ta ci gaba da jaririnka ko ɗanka ke fuskanta.
- A cikin yanayi mai wuya inda jima'i na jariri ba a san shi ba, tabbatar da hakan.
- Wasu nau'ikan ciwon dajiCiwon daji na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar jini. Gwajin karyotype zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance maganin da ya dace.
Menene waɗannan gwaje-gwajen Karyotype kuma yaushe ake yi?
Ana iya yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ne kawai a wasu makonni na ciki. Likitan ku zai yanke shawara kan wane gwaji ne ya fi dacewa da ku, ya danganta da tsawon lokacin da kuke ɗauka a cikin ciki da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.
Jariri yana da ɗan yuwuwar samun matsalar chromosomal a cikin waɗannan yanayi:
- Idan kun haura shekaru 35.
- Idan kana da ɗa da ke fama da matsalar chromosomes , ko kuma idan wani a cikin iyalinka yana da wannan matsalar.
- Idan kai ko abokin tarayya kuna da wata matsala a cikin chromosomes ɗinsu.
- Idan kun taɓa yin zubar da ciki a baya ko kuma haihuwar da ba a haifa ba.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu da aka yi:
1. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
A cikin wannan, likita yana amfani da allura mai tsawo don cire ƙaramin samfurin nama daga mahaifa , wanda ke ba da abinci ga jariri. Ana aika waɗannan ƙwayoyin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko jaririn yana da matsalolin kwayoyin halitta kamar Down syndrome, trisomy 13, ko trisomy 18.
- Lokacin da za a yi shi: Tsakanin makonni 10 zuwa 13 na ciki.
- Haɗarin da ke tattare da wannan gwajin: Akwai ƙaramin haɗarin zubar da ciki daga wannan gwajin (kimanin mata 1 cikin 100 da aka yi gwajin). Akwai kuma ɗan haɗarin da ke tattare da jaririn, don haka likitoci suna ba da shawarar hakan ne kawai idan akwai babban haɗarin cewa jaririn zai sami matsala.
2. Amniocentesis
A cikin wannan gwajin, likita zai saka allura mai tsawo ta cikin ciki sannan ya ɗauki ƙaramin adadin ruwan amniotic da ke kewaye da jaririn a cikin mahaifa. Ana aika ƙwayoyin jaririn da ke cikin wannan ruwan don gwaji. Baya ga duk matsalolin kwayoyin halitta da gwajin CVS ke nema, yana iya gano manyan cututtuka da ke shafar kwakwalwa ko kashin baya na jaririn (lalacewar bututun jijiyoyi).
- Lokacin da za a yi shi: Tsakanin makonni 15 zuwa 20 na ciki.
- Hadari: Har yanzu akwai ƙaramin haɗarin zubar da ciki, amma yana ƙasa da na CVS (kimanin mata 1 cikin 200 da aka gwada).
Akwai wasu haɗari a cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen?
Haka ne, kamar yadda muka tattauna a baya, akwai wasu haɗurra da ke tattare da hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta. CVS ko Amniocentesis ba kasafai suke haifar da zubar da ciki ba. Akwai kuma ƙaramin damar zubar jini ko kamuwa da cuta mai yawa. Likitan ku zai tattauna duk wannan da ku dalla-dalla. Don haka kafin ku firgita, ku tambayi likitan ku duk wata tambaya da za ku iya yi.
Me zai faru bayan sakamakon gwajin ya fito?
Wannan shine mafi mahimmanci. Sakamakon gwajin karyotype yana da takamaiman bayani . Wato, da zarar an sami sakamakon, za ku iya sanin ko jaririn yana da matsalar kwayoyin halitta ko kuma ba ya da ita.
Wannan ba kamar gwaje-gwajen tantancewa na baya ba ne. Sun faɗi ne kawai ko haɗarin yana da 'babba' ko 'ƙasa'. Amma sakamakon gwajin Karyotype ba zato ba ne, amma tabbatarwa ce.
Da zarar ka sami sakamakon, likitanka zai tattauna da kai dalla-dalla kuma ya bayyana maka matakan da kake buƙatar ɗauka a gaba.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Gwajin karyotype gwaji ne na musamman na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke duba rashin daidaituwa a cikin chromosomes a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu.
- Idan gwaje-gwajen farko a lokacin daukar ciki sun nuna wata haɗari, ana yin wannan gwajin ne don tabbatar da ko akwai wasu cututtuka kamar Down syndrome.
- Hanyoyi kamar CVS da Amniocentesis, waɗanda ke tattara ƙwayoyin halitta don wannan dalili, suna da ƙarancin haɗarin zubar da ciki, don haka ana yin su ne kawai a cikin mawuyacin hali.
- Sakamakon gwajin karyotype ba zato bane kamar "babban/ƙananan haɗari", amma amsar da ta ce "akwai matsala/babu matsala".
- Ka nemi ƙarin bayani daga likitanka game da duk wani abu da kake da shi a zuciya game da wannan gwajin, haɗarinsa, da kuma sakamakonsa.
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