Kamar yadda kuka sani, akwai miliyoyin ƙananan halittu a cikin muhallin da muke rayuwa a ciki, wato, a cikin iska, ƙasa, da tsire-tsire. Wasu daga cikinsu fungi ne. Aspergillus fumigatus da za mu yi magana a kai a yau ɗaya ce daga cikin irin wannan fungi da ya zama ruwan dare a cikin muhallinmu. Ga mutum mai lafiya mai tsarin garkuwar jiki mai kyau, wannan fungi yawanci ba ya haifar da wata illa ko da ya shiga jiki. Tsarin kariya na jikinmu yana sarrafa shi. Duk da haka, idan tsarin garkuwar jikin mutum ya raunana saboda wata cuta ko magani, wannan fungi na iya haifar da cututtuka masu haɗari.
Me yasa wannan naman gwari yake da haɗari ga wasu mutane kawai?
A taƙaice dai, wannan naman gwari mai son samun dama ne. Wato, ba zai iya yin komai ba matuƙar tsaron jikinmu, ko tsarin garkuwar jiki, yana da ƙarfi. Duk da haka, da zarar waɗannan kariya sun yi rauni, sai ya ɗaga kansa ya fara haifar da matsaloli.
Wadanne yanayi ne ake iya raunana garkuwar jiki?
- Raunana jiki saboda dalilai kamar rashin lafiya mai tsanani, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ko tsufa.
- Rage garkuwar jiki sakamakon wasu cututtuka (misali, AIDS) ko magunguna (misali, maganin ciwon daji, magungunan da ake bayarwa bayan an yi wa wasu sassan jiki dashen).
- Dasa na'urorin roba.
- Yanayi kamar dogon lokaci na neutropenia.
Idan wani a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai rauni ya kamu da wannan naman gwari, to yana iya zama barazana ga rayuwa.
Yadda wannan kamuwa da cuta ta fungal (Aspergillosis) ke tasowa da alamominsa
Kwayoyin halittar wannan naman gwari suna shiga jiki da iskar da muke shaƙa. Da farko suna isa hanci, makogwaro, ramukan sinus, da huhu. Kwayoyin halittar garkuwar jiki na mutum mai lafiya ba sa barin su girma. Amma a jikin mutumin da ke da rauni a tsarin garkuwar jiki, waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittar suna tsiro, suna girma zuwa ƙwayoyin halittar fungal, kuma suna fara mamaye kyallen jiki, suna haifar da toshewar jini (thrombosis), kuma suna haifar da rashin lafiyan jiki.
Akwai yanayi da dama da wannan kamuwa da cuta ke haifarwa. Alamomin sun dogara ne akan gaɓar da ta kamu da cutar da kuma tsarin garkuwar jikinka.
| Yanayin lafiya | Bayani mai sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Aspergillosis na huhu na yau da kullun (CPA) | A wannan yanayin, naman gwari yana girma a hankali a cikin huhu. Alamomin ba za su bayyana ba tsawon watanni, wani lokacin ma har shekaru. Babban alamar ita ce tari. Bugu da ƙari, raguwar nauyi, gajiya, da wahalar numfashi na iya faruwa. Mafi mahimmanci, idan wannan naman gwari ya lalata jijiyoyin jini a cikin huhu, tari na jini (hemoptysis) na iya faruwa. Wannan alama ce mai haɗari sosai. Idan haka ta faru, ya kamata ku je asibiti ko ɗakin gaggawa (ETU) nan da nan. |
| Aspergillosis mai mamayewa | Wannan ita ce cuta mafi haɗari kuma mai yuwuwar barazana ga rayuwa. Tana faruwa ne a cikin mutanen da ke da rauni a tsarin garkuwar jiki. Naman gwari na iya girma da sauri kuma ya bazu zuwa huhu, sinuses, kunnuwa, fata, idanu, har ma da kwakwalwa. |
| Aspergilloma | Wannan kamar "ƙwallon fungal" ne da ke samuwa a cikin rami a cikin huhu. Ba a samun alamun cutar. Duk da haka, idan wannan ƙwallon fungal ta yi girma ta lalata jijiyoyin jini, za ka iya yin tari da jini. |
| Sinusitis na fungal | Yana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙwayoyin fungal suka shiga suka girma a cikin ramukan sinus. Alamomin sun haɗa da toshewar hanci, wahalar numfashi, ciwon fuska, ciwon kai, da kuma majina mai kauri, kore, ko baƙi. |
Muhimmi: Wannan naman gwari yawanci ba ya haifar da matsala ga mutum mai lafiya. Babu buƙatar tsoro. Wannan bayanin don dalilai na bayanai ne kawai. Idan kuna cikin shakku game da kowace alama, tuntuɓi likitan ku.
Rashin lafiyan fungal
Wani lokaci wannan naman gwari na iya haifar da rashin lafiyan jiki maimakon kamuwa da cuta mai yaduwa. Waɗannan ba sa barazana ga rayuwa, amma suna iya haifar da rashin lafiya.
Mafi yawan waɗannan cututtukan shine Aspergillosis na Bronchopulmonary (ABPA) . Wannan ya fi yawa a cikin mutanen da ke da cutar huhu da ta riga ta kasance. Misali, mutanen da ke da cututtuka kamar asma, cystic fibrosis, ko bronchiectasis suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.
Wannan shine lokacin da jiki ke mayar da martani fiye da kima ga ƙwayoyin fungal da ke shiga ta hanyar numfashi. Wannan yana haifar da alamu kamar asma, kamar tari, tari, da wahalar numfashi.
Likitan ku zai yi odar wasu gwaje-gwaje don gano ko kuna da ABPA.
- Gwaje-gwaje don duba matakan da suka wuce gona da iri na wani nau'in ƙwayar jinin farin jini da ake kira eosinophils a cikin jini.
- Gwaje-gwajen fata don maganin Aspergillus antigen.
- Gwaji matakan jini na Aspergillus antibodies da IgE.
- Hoton kirji na X-ray.
Waɗanne hanyoyi ne ake bi don magance matsalar?
Maganin wannan kamuwa da cutar fungal yana da ɗan rikitarwa. Tabbas yana buƙatar shawarar likita. Kada ka taɓa ƙoƙarin magance shi da kanka.
- Magungunan hana fungal: Dangane da nau'in da tsananin kamuwa da cutar, likitanka zai iya rubuta maka magunguna kamar amphotericin B da voriconazole. Waɗannan magungunan na iya buƙatar a sha su na tsawon makonni da yawa ko fiye.
- Tiyata: Ba a yi wa manyan ƙwallan fungal (aspergillomas) da ke samuwa a cikin huhu magani kawai. Ana buƙatar a cire su ta hanyar tiyata. Haka kuma, a yanayin sinusitis na fungal, yana iya zama dole a tsaftace ramukan sinus ta hanyar tiyata sannan a bar ruwan ya zube.
- Maganin rashin lafiyan jiki: Idan kana da wata matsala ta rashin lafiyan jiki kamar ABPA, babban maganin shine a ba da steroids (misali prednisolone). Waɗannan suna sarrafa yawan amsawar jiki. Wani lokaci ana ba da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta don rage yawan shan steroids da rage illa.
Juriyar Magunguna
Abin takaici, wani lokacin wannan naman gwari yana yin tsayayya ga magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da muke amfani da su, musamman magungunan azoles. Wannan yana ƙara rikitarwa ga magani. Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a sha maganin daidai yadda likitanka ya umarta, kuma a daidai lokacin.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Aspergillus fumigatus wani nau'in naman gwari ne da ya zama ruwan dare a muhallinmu. Yawanci ba ya haifar da illa ga mutanen da ke da lafiya.
- Wannan naman gwari na iya haifar da cututtuka masu haɗari ga mutanen da ke da raunin garkuwar jiki (misali, masu fama da cutar kansa, waɗanda aka yi wa dashen gabobi, masu cutar kanjamau).
- Idan kana da alamun tari mai ɗorewa, ƙarancin numfashi, raguwar nauyi, gajiya, musamman ma tari na jini, tuntuɓi likitanka nan da nan.
- Ana ƙayyade hanyar maganin ta hanyar nau'in cutar da kuma yanayin lafiyarka. Don haka, ya kamata ka nemi shawarar likita.
- Mutane masu fama da cututtukan huhu kamar asma na iya samun rashin lafiyar wannan naman gwari, don haka sanar da likitanka idan alamun suka tsananta.
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