Idan ke uwa ce da za ki haifa, likitanki zai iya gaya miki game da 'duban NT', ko kuma 'duban farko-uku-a-rabi'. Jin wannan sunan zai iya sa ki ji ɗan tsoro da son sani. Amma a zahiri gwaji ne mai sauƙi, kuma babu abin da za ki ji tsoro. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da duk abin da kike buƙatar sani game da wannan hoton NT.
Menene ainihin hoton NT?
A taƙaice dai, hoton NT scan wani hoton duban dan tayi ne na musamman da ake yi a cikin watanni uku na farko na cikinki, tsakanin makonni 11 da 14. Cikakken sunan wannan shine hoton Nuchal Translucency. Yana duba ne kawai idan jaririnki yana da wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, kamar Down syndrome.
Sau da yawa, wannan hoton yana tare da wasu gwaje-gwajen jini da dama. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini suna duba matakan wasu hormones da furotin a cikin jininka. Misali:
- Kyauta beta- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (b-hCG)
- Sunadarin plasma mai alaƙa da juna biyu-A (PAPP-A)
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Waɗannan hormones da furotin suna nan a jikin kowace mace mai juna biyu. Amma idan jaririn yana da wata cuta kamar Down syndrome , matakansa na iya zama ƙasa ko sama da yadda aka saba. Lokacin da aka yi gwajin NT da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini tare, muna kiransa 'haɗaɗɗen gwajin farko-uku-uku' . Sakamakon ya fi daidai idan aka yi su tare.
Menene ainihin wannan hoton yake nema?
Wannan abu ne mai ban sha'awa sosai. Kowane jariri da ke girma a cikin mahaifa yana da siririn membrane a ƙarƙashin fata a bayan wuyansa, cike da ɗan ruwa. Muna kiran wannan 'nuchal fold'. Wannan wani abu ne da kowane jariri mai lafiya yake da shi.
Duk da haka, a cikin jarirai masu wasu yanayi na kwayoyin halitta, ruwa ya fi yawa fiye da yadda aka saba a cikin wannan 'nuchal fold'. Sannan wannan membrane ɗin ya ɗan yi kauri. Hotunan NT suna auna wannan kauri.
Dangane da wannan kauri, ana iya kimanta haɗarin da jariri zai iya fuskanta na samun wani yanayi na kwayoyin halitta.
| An Duba Yanayin da Yake Ciki | Bayani Mai Sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Ciwon Down (Ƙaura/Trisomy 21) | Yanayi ne da ƙwayoyin halittarmu ke da ƙarin kwafin chromosome 21, ko kwafi uku, maimakon guda biyu da muke da su a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu. Wannan na iya shafar ci gaban hankali da na jiki. |
| Trisomy 13 da 18 | Wannan yayi kama da Down syndrome. A nan, akwai ƙarin kwafin chromosome 13 ko 18. Waɗannan yanayi ne da ke haifar da mummunan lahani na haihuwa. |
| Ciwon Turner | Wannan yanayi ne da ke shafar jarirai mata ne kawai waɗanda ke ɗauke da kwayar halittar X. A wannan yanayin, wani ɓangare ko dukkan kwayar halittar X ba ta nan. Wannan na iya haifar da matsalolin ci gaba da matsalolin zuciya. |
| Ciwon zuciya da aka haifa | Akwai wasu lahani na zuciya a lokacin haihuwa. Wasu na iya zama barazana ga rayuwa, yayin da wasu kuma ba za su iya haifar da wata matsala ba kwata-kwata. |
Amma yana da mahimmanci a tuna da wannan: Duban NT gwajin tantancewa ne, ba gwajin gano cuta ba. Wannan yana nufin ba ya tabbatar da 100% cewa jaririnku yana da waɗannan yanayi. Yana nuna kawai ko haɗarin kamuwa da irin wannan yanayin yana da yawa ko ƙasa.
Baya ga wannan babban batu, likita zai kula da wasu abubuwa da dama yayin yin wannan hoton.
- Shin jaririnka yana girma yadda ya kamata?
- Jarirai nawa ne a cikin mahaifa?
- Idan tagwaye ne, shin suna raba mahaifa ɗaya?
- Tabbatar kin san daidai tsawon lokacin da kike da juna biyu .
Me ke faruwa a lokacin daukar hoton NT?
Wannan hoton da aka saba gani kamar duk wani hoton da aka yi muku a baya. Babu wani abu na musamman. Za a nemi ku sha kofuna biyu zuwa uku na ruwa kimanin awa daya kafin hoton. Dalilin haka shi ne yana da sauƙin ganin jaririn a fili lokacin da mafitsara ta cika. Don haka kada ku yi fitsari kafin hoton. Duk da cewa yana iya jin ɗan rashin daɗi, zai taimaka wa hoton ya yi kyau.
Idan ka shiga ɗakin daukar hoton, za a umarce ka da ka kwanta a kan gado. Daga nan sai ma'aikacin zai shafa ƙaramin gel a cikin ƙananan ciki sannan ya wuce ƙaramin kayan aiki (sanda/probe) don ɗaukar hoto. Za ka ji ɗan matsi a wannan lokacin, amma ba zai yi zafi ba . Da zarar an ɗauki hotunan da ake buƙata, za a gama daukar hoton. Za ka iya komawa gida kamar yadda aka saba.
Shin ya zama dole a yi wannan hoton?
A'a. Ba gwajin NT scan ba ne na tilas. Ba shi da wani zaɓi kwata-kwata. Wannan yana nufin cewa kana da cikakken 'yancin yanke shawara ko za ka yi shi ko a'a.
Wasu iyaye suna son yin wannan gwajin kuma su gano game da haɗarin lafiyar jaririnsu tun da wuri. Ta haka, idan akwai yaro mai buƙatu na musamman, suna da lokacin shiryawa a hankali da kuma ta kowace hanya don kula da yaron.
Haka kuma, wasu iyaye suna jin cewa irin wannan gwajin na iya haifar da damuwa mara amfani. Suna iya yanke shawarar kada a yi gwajin idan sakamakon bai canza yadda suke kula da ɗansu ba. Duk shawarwarin biyu daidai ne. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine ku da abokin tarayya ku yanke shawarar da ta fi dacewa da ku, tare da likitan ku idan ya zama dole.
Yadda ake fahimtar sakamakon scan?
Yayin da jaririn ke girma a cikin mahaifa, lanƙwasa na nuchal da muka yi magana a kai a baya shi ma yana ƙaruwa a hankali a cikin kauri. Saboda haka, ana kwatanta ma'aunin da aka samu a lokacin daukar hoton da matsakaicin ma'aunin sauran jarirai masu lafiya na shekaru ɗaya.
| Sakamako | Bayani |
|---|---|
| Matsakaicin sakamako (Ƙarancin Haɗari) | Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin al'ada ga ma'aunin ya kasance har zuwa milimita 2 (2mm) a makonni 11 da kuma har zuwa milimita 2.8 (2.8mm) a makonni 13 da kwanaki 6. Wannan yana nufin cewa jaririn yana cikin ƙarancin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kwayar halitta. |
| Sakamakon da ba shi da kyau (Babban Haɗari) | Idan ma'aunin ya wuce mizanin da aka ambata a sama, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "babban haɗari". Wannan ba yana nufin cewa jaririn yana da cuta ba ne, sai dai kawai haɗarin ya fi na al'ada. |
Likitan ku ba zai yi amfani da wannan ma'aunin hoton ba kawai, har ma da shekarun ku da sakamakon gwajin jini don yin ganewar asali ta ƙarshe. Idan aka haɗa su, gwajin NT da gwajin jini na iya hasashen haɗarin yanayin kwayoyin halitta tare da daidaito kusan kashi 85% .
Duk da haka, akwai yiwuwar samun sakamakon "ƙarya mai kyau". Wannan yana nufin cewa jaririn na iya fuskantar haɗari mafi girma, koda kuwa babu matsala.
Me za a yi idan sakamakon NT scan bai dace ba?
Da farko dai, kada ka firgita . Sakamakon 'babban haɗari' ba lallai bane yana nufin akwai matsala da jaririn. Yana nufin cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaji.
Likitan ku zai ba da shawarar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da za ku iya yi. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya yin cikakken ganewar asali 100%.
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): A nan, ana ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na nama daga mahaifa sannan a duba shi.
- Amniocentesis: Wannan ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin ruwan amniotic a cikin mahaifa da kuma gwada shi.
- Gwajin DNA mara ƙwayoyin halitta kafin haihuwa (cfDNA): Wannan gwajin jini ne mai sauƙi wanda ke nazarin gutsuttsuran DNA na jaririnku a cikin jininku don tantance yanayin kwayoyin halitta . ( Wannan gwajin jini ne mai sauƙi wanda ke nazarin gutsuttsuran DNA na jaririnku a cikin jininku don tantance yanayin kwayoyin halitta.)
Likitanka zai yi maka bayani game da fa'idodi, rashin amfani, da kuma haɗarin kowanne daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, wanda ya dace da yanayinka. Sannan, za ka iya yanke shawara ko za ka yi su ko a'a.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Gwajin NT scan wani gwaji ne mai aminci kuma mara zafi wanda ake yi a lokacin farkon watanni uku na ciki.
- Ba dole ba ne a yi haka. Ya rage naka.
- Wannan gwajin yana gano haɗarin cututtukan gado kamar Down syndrome, amma bai tabbatar da kasancewar cutar ba.
- Idan ka sami sakamakon "babban haɗari", kada ka firgita, amma ka yi magana da likitanka don ƙarin gwaji.
- Kada ka yi jinkirin tattaunawa da kuma fayyace dukkan matsalolinka da shakkunka tare da likitanka.
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