He mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ia mea me nā kikoʻī!

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka maʻi ʻūlū. Akā, he mau nīnau paha kāu e pili ana i ke ʻano o ia mea, pehea ka weliweli o ia mea i ka wā ma mua, a no ke aha ʻaʻole pono mākou e hopohopo no ia mea i kēia manawa. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā mea a pau ma ke ʻano maʻalahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo. He moʻolelo lōʻihi kēia, akā e aʻo nui ʻoe.

He aha ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he maʻi koʻikoʻi loa ka maʻi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi a make hoʻi i loaʻa i ka wā ma mua. Ua pepehi ia i nā miliona o kānaka. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia maʻi, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā pehu paʻakikī a piha i ka wai ma kou kino. ʻOiai ke ho'ōla nei lākou, i kekahi manawa waiho lākou i nā ʻeha ʻino ma kou helehelena a me kou kino. E noʻonoʻo, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia maʻi , ma ka awelika, ua make ma kahi o hoʻokahi o kēlā me kēia ʻekolu o ka poʻe. Pēlā ka weliweli.

Akā, aia ka nūhou maikaʻi. Mai ka makahiki 1960, ua hana ikaika ka World Health Organization (WHO) e hoʻopau i ka maʻi ʻūlū mai ka honua. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau pale a me ke kāohi ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi, ua holomua lākou. I ka makahiki 1980, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka maʻi ʻūlū mai ka honua. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hihia kūlohelohe hope loa o ka maʻi i ka makahiki 1977.

Aia nō anei ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi ma ka honua?

ʻAʻole. ʻAʻohe mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i loko o ke kanaka no nā makahiki he 45 a ʻoi. ʻAʻole ia e laha maoli. Eia nō naʻe, mālama ʻia nā laʻana o ka maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu no nā kumu noiʻi wale nō ma kekahi keʻena hoʻokolohua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me kekahi ma Rusia. Akā, ʻaʻohe mea e makaʻu ai.

Pehea lā i hoʻopau ai kākou i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu mai ke ao nei?

He hoʻokō nui kēia. Ua hiki paha ke hoʻopau ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai liʻiliʻi ma muli o kekahi mau kumu:

• Hoʻopilikia wale kēia maʻi i nā kānaka. ʻAʻole ia e laha ʻia e nā holoholona a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea pepeke. No laila, he kakaikahi nā ala e hiki ai ke laha ka maʻi.
• Ua maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi. Ua hōʻike nā kānaka a pau i loaʻa i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i nā hōʻailona, ​​ʻoiai kēlā mau kiko. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike ʻole ua loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi (ʻaʻohe mea lawe i nā hōʻailona ʻole).
• Ua laha mālie ka maʻi. Hoʻomaka ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i ka wā i maʻi loa ai ka mea maʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i waho. Hoʻolaha pinepine ia i waena o ka poʻe e noho ana ma ka hale hoʻokahi.
• Ua kāohi ʻia ka laha ʻana e ka "Ring Vaccination". ʻOiai ua laha wale ka maʻi i waena o ka poʻe e pili kokoke ana, ua hiki i nā luna olakino ke hoʻōki i ka laha ʻana ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo "ring vaccinations". ʻO ia hoʻi, ke loaʻa kahi kanaka maʻi, hoʻopili wale lākou i ka poʻe i pili kokoke me kēlā kanaka (e like me ke "apo" a puni ka mea maʻi).
• He maʻi kēia i noho a puni no nā tausani makahiki. No laila, ua loaʻa i ka poʻe i ho'ōla ʻia mai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ka palekana. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka poʻe liʻiliʻi e pale aku i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi.

E noʻonoʻo wale, ma muli o kēia mau kumu i hiki ai ke hoʻopau i ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, kekahi o nā maʻi ʻino loa o ia manawa, mai ka honua aku.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?

Ke loaʻa ka maʻi ʻūlū, holomua ka maʻi ma o kekahi mau pae. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui:

• Kuni kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻEha poʻo nui.
• ʻEha hope.
• ʻEha ʻōpū.
• Ka luhi nui a me ka nāwaliwali.
• Ka luaʻi ʻana.
• Nā kiko e hoʻomaka mua ana i loko o ka waha, a laila laha i ka maka, a laila ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
• Ma hope aku, lilo kēia mau kiko i mau ʻeha a lilo i mau puʻupuʻu paʻakikī (pustules).

ʻO nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni, ka ʻeha poʻo, a me ka luhi ke hele mua mai. Hiki iā lākou ke mau no ʻelua a ʻehā lā. I kekahi manawa e hoʻomau paha ke kuni a hoʻi mai paha ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā kiko. A laila ʻike ʻia nā kiko. ʻOiai i kēlā manawa, hoʻomaikaʻi lākou i nā pae.

Pehea ke ʻano o nā kiko liʻiliʻi?

ʻIke mua ʻia nā ʻeha liʻiliʻi i loko o ka waha a ma ka maka, a laila pālahalaha koke ma luna o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaka lākou me he mau kiko ʻulaʻula lā, a laila lilo i mau puʻupuʻu paʻakikī e ʻili ana a hāʻule iho. I ke ʻano maʻamau o ka liʻiliʻi ('maʻi liʻiliʻi maʻamau'), ulu nā ʻeha i kekahi mau pae:

1. Nā pae mua: Ma hope o nā hōʻailona mua, ʻike ʻia nā kiko ma ke alelo, i loko o ka waha, a me ka ʻāʻī. Lilo nā kiko ʻulaʻula i loko o ka waha i mau ʻeha a pohā.

2. Nā kiko pālahalaha: A laila pālahalaha kēia mau kiko i ka maka, nā lima, nā wāwae, ke kua, a me ka umauma. Ma hope o hoʻokahi lā, pālahalaha lākou i ke kino holoʻokoʻa, a hiki i nā poho lima a me nā kapuwaʻi wāwae.

3. Nā puʻupuʻu piha i ka pus: Ua piha nā puʻupuʻu ma ka ʻili i ka pus (he wai mānoanoa). Aia paha he lua liʻiliʻi (`dent`) ma waenakonu o kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu. ʻElua lā e hoʻopiha ai kēia mau puʻupuʻu me ka pus.

4. ʻŌhūhū pustular a me nā ʻōpala: Lilo nā puʻupuʻu i mau puʻupuʻu paʻakikī a poepoe (pustules). I nā lā he ʻumi e hiki mai ana, hana ʻia nā ʻōpala ma luna o kēia mau pustles.

5. Nā ʻōpala e hāʻule ana: Hāʻule kēia mau ʻōpala ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, akā e mau ana nā ʻōpala.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi?

ʻAe, he nui nā ʻano o ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Ua ʻokoʻa iki hoʻi nā hōʻailona a lākou i hoʻokumu ai:

• ʻO ka maʻi liʻiliʻi maʻamau: ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau. Ua hoʻoulu ia i nā hōʻailona i wehewehe ʻia ma luna. Ma kahi o 85% o nā hihia maʻi liʻiliʻi a pau mai kēia ʻano. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi o ʻekolu poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi liʻiliʻi maʻamau i make.
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū ʻano hoʻololi ʻia: Hoʻomohala pinepine kēia ʻano maʻi ʻōpū i nā poʻe i hoʻopili mua ʻia. Ua like ia me ka maʻi ʻōpū maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka ʻulaʻula a ʻaʻole e mau loa. Ola ka hapa nui o ka poʻe.
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū palahalaha (ʻino): ʻOi aku ka ʻino o nā hōʻailona mua o kēia ma mua o ka maʻi ʻōpū maʻamau. Ua hui pū nā nodules mai nā kiko a ʻaʻole i paʻakikī a piha paha i ka wai. ʻO ka hopena, ua hana ʻia kahi ʻōpala palahalaha a laumania, me ka ʻole o ka ʻili. ʻO kēia ʻano ka mea maʻamau i nā keiki. Aneane make mau.
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū koko: He mea maʻamau kēia i waena o nā wahine hāpai. He mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi mua kona. ʻAʻole paʻakikī nā kiko a piha paha i ka wai. Akā, e kahe ke koko o ka ʻili ma lalo, e ʻike ʻia ai ka kiko he ʻeleʻele a wela paha. Hiki nō hoʻi ke kahe koko i loko a me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻōpū. ʻAneʻane make mau ka maʻi ʻōpū koko.

He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi ʻūlū e kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Variola virus . ʻElua ʻano o ka maʻi variola: ʻo Variola major a me Variola minor (i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo Variola alastrim). ʻO Variola major ke kumu o ka hapa nui o nā hihia maʻi ʻūlū a me nā make. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Variola minor i nā hōʻailona like akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Variola major ma mua o 30% o nā make, ʻoiai ʻo Variola minor wale nō ka mea i hoʻokumu i 1% o nā make.

Pehea i laha ai ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi?

Ua laha nui ʻia ka maʻi ʻūlū ma o ka launa kokoke ʻana me ke alo a i ke alo. Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki i kekahi me ka maʻi ʻūlū ke hoʻopili i kahi mea kokoke i ka wā e ʻū ai a ʻōlelo paha lākou. Hiki nō hoʻi ke laha ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i nā mea e like me nā wahi moe a me nā lole i hoʻohana ʻia e ka mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki mai ana o ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi?

ʻO ka pilikia maʻamau o ka maʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻeha nui. ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe:

• Makapō.
• Ka maʻi lolo (Encephalitis).
• Ka maʻi ʻana o nā ʻeke ea liʻiliʻi i loko o nā māmā (Bronchopneumonia).
• Nā maʻi bacteria.
• ʻO ka ʻāʻī.

No ke aha i make ai ka maʻi liʻiliʻi?

ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo i nā loea, hiki nō paha i ka maʻi liʻiliʻi ke kumu o ka make ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana o nā kumu:

• Pepehi ka maʻi i kahi nui o nā cell (cytotoxicity).
• Ka hāʻule ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa.
• ʻO ka niumonia ka hōʻino ʻana i nā māmā. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka hanu ʻana a me ka nele o ka oxygen i nā ʻiʻo.
• Ka haʻalulu hypovolemic. Ke kahe koko a me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻōpū ma muli o ka maʻi hemorrhagic smallpox.

Ke hoʻopili nei anei mākou i ka maʻi ʻaʻai no ka maʻi liʻiliʻi?

ʻAʻole nā ​​kauka e hoʻopili hou i ka lehulehu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi mau kekahi poʻe noiʻi a me nā limahana koa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai liʻiliʻi i nā hui i koho ʻia. Mālama ke aupuni o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi waihona o nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai liʻiliʻi, inā e laha hou ka maʻi.

I ka manawa hea i hoʻōki ai ʻo ʻAmelika i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau pale maʻi smallpox?

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka lāʻau pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi mai nā papahana lāʻau pale maʻamau i ka makahiki 1972. ʻO ka puka hope loa o ka maʻi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1949.

Ke mau nei anei ka lāʻau pale maʻi liʻiliʻi i ke ola holoʻokoʻa?

Manaʻo kekahi mau noiʻi e hiki i ka lāʻau pale maʻi liʻiliʻi ke hāʻawi i ka palekana no nā makahiki he ʻumi. No ka poʻe e pono e loaʻa i ka lāʻau pale maʻi liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka hana, ua ʻōlelo ka US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) e loaʻa i kahi mahele hoʻonui i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki.

ʻO ka maʻi liʻiliʻi anei ka maʻi mua i ʻike ʻia ai kahi lāʻau pale?

ʻAe. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18, ua hōʻoia kekahi kauka i kapa ʻia ʻo Edward Jenner i ka moʻolelo ua pale ʻia nā wahine lawelawe waiū i loaʻa i ka cowpox, kahi maʻi e like me ka chickenpox, mai ka smallpox. Ua ʻike mākou i kēia manawa he mau maʻi like loa ka cowpox a me ka smallpox. No laila, i ka wā i loaʻa ai i nā kānaka ka cowpox, kahi maʻi liʻiliʻi, a lilo i palekana iā ia, ua lilo pū lākou i palekana i ka smallpox.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Jenner e hoʻopili i nā bipi me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu e pale aku i nā kānaka mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. ʻO ia ka lāʻau pale mua loa o ka honua. Loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo "vaccine" mai ka huaʻōlelo Latina no ka bipi, "vacca."

I kēia lā, hana ʻia ka lāʻau pale maʻi liʻiliʻi mai kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo `vaccinia.` Ma muli o kona ʻano like me ka maʻi liʻiliʻi, hāʻawi ia i ka palekana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka maʻi liʻiliʻi.

He aha kēia 'Variolation'?

ʻO ka Variolation ke ʻano mua loa o ka lāʻau pale. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia nā kānaka e hoʻomohala i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu (smallpox) ma ke komo ʻana i ka maʻi Variola i loko o ko lākou kino. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma ke kahakaha ʻana i ka ʻili me ka pus mai nā ʻeha puʻupuʻu a i ʻole ma ka hanu ʻana i ka pauka i hana ʻia mai nā scabies. ʻOi aku ka maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka variolation ma mua o ka puʻupuʻu kūlohelohe, a ma hope mai ua loaʻa i nā kānaka ka palekana i ka puʻupuʻu. Ua manaʻo ʻia he mau haneli mau makahiki kēia ʻano hana.

No ke aha e waiho ai ka lāʻau pale maʻi liʻiliʻi i kahi ʻeha?

ʻAʻole e like me nā lāʻau pale hou ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nā lāʻau pale maʻi liʻiliʻi i kahi maʻi ola, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia, e like me ka maʻi liʻiliʻi (i kapa ʻia ʻo 'vaccinia'). Ma kahi o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana me kahi nila, hoʻokomo kekahi limahana mālama ola i kahi 'nila bifurcated' i loko o kou poʻohiwi a hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o kou lima. A laila ua maʻi ʻia ka wahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka pana me ka 'vaccinia'. Hoʻokumu kēia maʻi i kahi pehu, a ma hope e waiho ana i kahi ʻeha.

Pono ka poʻe i loaʻa i kēia ʻano lāʻau pale maʻi liʻiliʻi e mālama pono i kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai. A i ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i kekahi me ka `vaccinia`. ʻO kēia mau ʻano lāʻau pale ʻo `ACAM2000®` a me `APSV`.

Hana ʻia ka lāʻau pale `JYNNEOS™` (hoʻohana ʻia no ka `mpox`) mai kahi maʻi i hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia (`attenuated`). Hāʻawi ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he pana maʻamau. He emi iki kona mau hopena ʻaoʻao ma mua o nā lāʻau pale maʻi liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he ʻelua mau mahele ma lalo o ka ʻili, ʻehā pule ka mamao.

Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi?

Aia kekahi mau lāʻau antiviral i ʻāpono ʻia no ka maʻi ʻōpū. ʻO lākou kēia:

• ʻO ka Tecovirimat (TPOXX®)
• ʻO Brincidofovir (TEMBEXA®)
• ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Cidofovir (Vistide®)

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia mau mea ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻūlū, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia ma luna o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻūlū. Akā, ma muli o nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe, manaʻo nā loea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau inā e laha hou ka maʻi ʻūlū. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia hoʻi lākou e ʻike inā palekana lākou no nā kānaka.

Pehea i ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi ʻōpū liʻiliʻi?

I ka wā ma mua, ua ʻike nā kauka i ka maʻi ʻōʻō ma muli o ke ʻano o kou mau kiko a me ke ʻano o kou mau hōʻailona. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻāʻo i nā laʻana o kou koko a i ʻole kou ʻili. Hoʻouna ʻia nā laʻana i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e nānā i ka 'DNA' o ka maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​antibodies (antibodies) i hana ʻia e kūʻē i ka maʻi ʻōʻō. Ua ʻike hope ʻia ka maʻi ʻōʻō i ka makahiki 1978.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka maʻi liʻiliʻi, ka maʻi Mpox, a me ka maʻi moa?

No ka ʻohana like o nā virus i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Orthopoxvirus' ka maʻi liʻiliʻi ('Smallpox') a me Mpox. Loaʻa iā lāua nā hōʻailona like, akā ʻo ka 'Mpox' ke kumu o kahi maʻi ʻoi aku ka ʻino ma mua o ka maʻi liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka lāʻau pale 'Vaccinia' ke pale aku i nā mea ʻelua.

ʻOiai ka huaʻōlelo "pox" ma kona inoa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka chickenpox e kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Varicella-zoster, ʻaʻole pili i ka smallpox a i ʻole nā ​​​​Orthopoxviruses ʻē aʻe. No laila, he maʻi ʻokoʻa loa ka chickenpox.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, kekahi mau mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

No nā kenekulia, ʻo ka maʻi ʻūlū kekahi o nā maʻi make loa o ka honua. Akā i kēia lā, ʻaʻole ka hapa nui o mākou e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea. ʻAʻohe mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻūlū i loko o kahi kokoke i kanalima mau makahiki. Mahalo i nā hana olakino lehulehu, ua mākaukau nā ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau pale e hana me kekahi manawa e laha hou ai ka maʻi.

No laila, he maʻi ka maʻi liʻiliʻi i hoʻohui ʻia i ka mōʻaukala, akā ua aʻo mai ia iā mākou i nā haʻawina he nui. He laʻana maikaʻi nō hoʻi ia o ke ʻano e hiki ai ke kāohi ʻia nā maʻi koʻikoʻi loa me ka mana o ka ʻepekema a me ke olakino lehulehu.

ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, ka lāʻau pale, nā hōʻailona, ​​ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, ka maʻi ahulau, ka hoʻopau ʻana