He aha ka lāʻau pale mRNA? E hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi kākou

Me ke ahulau COVID-19, ʻo kahi huaʻōlelo a mākou i lohe ai a kokoke loa i ko mākou ola ʻo 'mRNA vaccine'. E hoʻomanaʻo paha ʻoe i kēia huaʻōlelo i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia me nā inoa e like me Pfizer lāua ʻo Moderna. Ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi kekahi poʻe e pili ana i ia mea, aʻo kekahi poʻe ua makaʻu iki i kēia ʻenehana hou. No laila he aha maoli ka mRNA vaccine? Pehea e hana ai i loko o ko mākou kino? Pehea kona ʻokoʻa mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau? Aia kekahi mea e makaʻu ai? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau mea a pau me ka maʻalahi, ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha ka lāʻau pale mRNA, i ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he lāʻau pale ka lāʻau pale mRNA e aʻo ai, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa paha, i ko mākou kino e pale iā lākou iho mai ka maʻi. Hāʻawi ke kauka a limahana olakino paha iā ʻoe ma ke ʻano he inikini me kahi nila.

ʻO nā lāʻau pale mRNA wale nō i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka honua a hiki i kēia manawa no ka pale ʻana i ka COVID-19. E hoʻomanaʻo paha ʻoe i kēia mau inoa ʻelua:

• ʻO Comirnaty® (ʻo kēia ka lāʻau pale Pfizer-BioNTech a mākou a pau i ʻike ai)
• ʻO Spikevax® (ʻo kēia ka lāʻau pale Moderna)

Akā, he mana loa kēia ʻenehana. Ke noiʻi nei nā kānaka ʻepekema inā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻenehana mRNA e hana i nā lāʻau pale no nā maʻi lele ʻē aʻe, a me nā maʻi e like me ke kanesa. ʻO ia hoʻi, e loaʻa paha iā kākou nā pono nui mai kēia ʻenehana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻAe, he aha kēia mRNA?

ʻOiai paha he ʻano ʻepekema iki kēia, e wehewehe wau iā ʻoe me kahi laʻana maʻalahi loa.

E noʻonoʻo i ka DNA i loko o kou kino he puke haku waiwai nui i loko o kahi hale waihona puke nui. Aia i loko o kēia puke nā kuhikuhi a me nā meaʻai a pau e pono ai ke kūkulu i kou kino a mālama iā ia e hana. He waiwai nui kēia puke haku ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia e lawe ʻia i waho o ka hale waihona puke, ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻae ʻia ke kope ʻia. Pono e mālama pono ʻia.

ʻĀnō, eia kahi e komo mai ai ka mRNA . ʻO ka pōkole o ka mRNA no "messenger Ribonucleic Acid." Ua like ia me kahi 'messenger.' ʻO kāna hana, hele ia i ka puke nui (DNA) ma ka hale waihona puke a kākau i lalo ma kahi ʻāpana pepa i kope o ka meaʻai (nā kuhikuhi) no ka hana ʻana i ka protein e pono ai ke kino i kēlā manawa. A laila lawe ia i kēlā ʻāpana pepa a puka i waho o ka hale waihona puke, i loko o ka lumi kuke o ke kelepona (ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he ribosomes).

Nānā nā kuke (ribosomes) ma ka lumi kuke i ka meaʻai (mRNA) a ka ʻelele i lawe mai ai a hana i ka protein e like me ka mea i kākau ʻia. A pau ka hana, haehae lākou i ka ʻāpana pepa me ke meaʻai i kākau ʻia ma luna a hoʻolei aku. ʻAʻole lākou e mālama.

Pehea e hana ai nā lāʻau pale mRNA i loko o ko kākou kino?

E like me nā lāʻau pale ʻē aʻe a pau, hoʻomaʻamaʻa kahi lāʻau pale mRNA i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino e ʻike i kahi ʻenemi (e like me kahi maʻi) a hana i nā mea kaua e pono ai e hakakā i kēlā ʻenemi.

E nānā kākou pehea e hana ai kēia ma ka lāʻau pale COVID-19 mRNA:

1. Ke hāʻawi ʻana i nā kuhikuhi: Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau pale, hāʻawi ʻia kāu mau cell i ka 'meaʻai' (mRNA) no ka hana ʻana i ka protein spike , ʻo ia ka ʻāpana like me ka spike o ka maʻi SARS-CoV-2 e hoʻoulu ai iā COVID-19. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ka maʻi holoʻokoʻa, a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o ia mea. ʻO nā 'kuhikuhi' wale nō ia no ka hana ʻana.

2. Hana nā pūnaewele i ka protein: Heluhelu kā mākou mau pūnaewele i kēlā kuhikuhi a hoʻomaka e hana i nā protein spike. Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau protein ma ka ʻili o kā mākou mau pūnaewele.

3. Hoʻāla ʻia o ka ʻōnaehana pale: I kēia manawa, ʻike nā pale o ko mākou kino (ka ʻōnaehana pale) i kēia protein spike hou a hopohopo. "ʻO wai kēia malihini? ʻAʻole kēia kekahi o mākou," i manaʻo ai, a ʻike iā ia he 'mea hoʻouka kaua'.

4. Nā Mea Kaua: A laila hoʻomaka nā pūʻali palekana e hana i nā mea kaua kūikawā e kaua aku i kēia ʻenemi. ʻO kēia mau mea kaua ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he antibodies . Hana pū lākou i kahi ʻano 'nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo' hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo i kēia ʻenemi.

5. Ka luku ʻia ʻana o ke kuhikuhi: E like me kā mākou heluhelu ʻana i kahi leka a haehae a hoʻolei aku, lawe kā mākou mau cell i ke kuhikuhi mai kēia mRNA a luku loa iā ia i loko o kekahi mau lā. ʻAʻole ia e noho i loko o ko mākou kino, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻohui pū me kā mākou DNA. He mea kēia a ka poʻe he nui e kuhihewa nei.

I kēia manawa, e noʻonoʻo ua komo ka maʻi COVID-19 maoli i kou kino. ʻAʻole malihini kēia maʻi i kāu ʻōnaehana pale. Ua ʻike mua lākou i ka protein spike o kēia maʻi a ua mākaukau e kaua aku iā ia. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke luku koke i ka maʻi ma mua o ka laha ʻana i loko o kou kino. ʻO kēia ka mea e pale ai iā ʻoe mai ka maʻi nui.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lāʻau pale kuʻuna a me nā lāʻau pale mRNA?

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale i ka ʻenemi. I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia, e nānā kākou i kēia papa .

No ka COVID-19 mRNA anei nā lāʻau pale a pau?

ʻAʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka lāʻau pale COVID-19 i kapa ʻia ʻo Novavax® ʻaʻole ia he lāʻau pale mRNA. He lāʻau pale subunit protein ia. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻokomo pololei ia i nā ʻāpana o ka protein spike o ka maʻi SARS-CoV-2 i loko o ke kino.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau pale?

He maʻalahi loa kēia kaʻina hana, a inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pana ma mua, ua like kēia.

1. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe kekahi limahana olakino i kou lima luna (a i ʻole kou ʻūhā paha no nā keiki ʻōpio) me kahi ʻūpā waiʻona.

2. A laila hāʻawi ʻia ka inikini me kahi nila lahilahi loa.

3. E hoʻopili i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka palaki ma kahi i hou ʻia.

ʻO ka mea nui loa , e noi ʻia ʻoe e noho mālie no kahi o 15 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana. ʻO kēia ke nānā i kekahi mau hopena alerika koke a koʻikoʻi. Inā he kanaka ʻoe e manaʻo iki ana i ka puni a makaʻu paha i nā nila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana i lalo i kēia manawa.

He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o nā lāʻau pale mRNA?

ʻElua mau pono nui o kēia ʻenehana.

• Hana wikiwiki: No ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau pale kuʻuna, pono e ulu ʻia ka maʻi i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua. He manawa lōʻihi kēia. Akā i loko o nā lāʻau pale mRNA, ʻaʻole pono e ulu ʻia ka maʻi. Ke ʻike ʻia ke code genetic o ka maʻi, hiki ke hana koke ʻia ka mRNA pili. No laila, i ka wā e pā mai ai kahi maʻi ahulau, hiki ke hana ʻia nā nui o nā lāʻau pale i loko o kekahi mau pule, ma mua o ke kali ʻana no nā mahina a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki.

• Ka palekana no ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana o ka lāʻau pale: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi lāʻau pale COVID-19, ʻoiai ka lāʻau pale mRNA, hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kēia mau pono i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi mea i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia:
• Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ka maʻi COVID-19.
• ʻOiai inā ua loaʻa ka maʻi, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka pilikia o ka maʻi nui ʻana a me ka haukapila.
• Ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi COVID no ka wā lōʻihi ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana mai COVID-19.

He aha nā pilikia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao o nā lāʻau pale mRNA?

E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, he mau hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi ko nā lāʻau pale mRNA a he mau hopena alerika kakaikahi loa. He mea nui e makaʻala i kēia mau mea.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

He mea nui loa kēia.

Inā he mau nīnau hou aku kāu e pili ana i kēia lāʻau pale, a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo inā kūpono kēia lāʻau pale me kou mau maʻi ʻē aʻe, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka ʻohana. E wehewehe ʻo ia i nā mea āpau iā ʻoe a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo aʻo kūpono.

He aha ka mōʻaukala o kēia ʻenehana mRNA?

ʻOiai ua lilo koke ia i mea kaulana ma muli o ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19, ʻaʻole kēia ʻenehana mRNA i mea i ʻike ʻia i nehinei. He mau makahiki o ka mōʻaukala noiʻi ma hope ona.

• Ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi kumu ma ka ʻenehana mRNA i nā makahiki 1970.
• I nā makahiki 1990 i hoʻāʻo mua ai nā kānaka ʻepekema e ʻike inā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā lāʻau pale.
• Akā, he mau pilikia nui i ia manawa. He palupalu loa ka molekole mRNA. Ke komo i loko o ke kino, hoʻopau kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale iā ia. ʻAʻohe ala e hoʻokomo ai i loko o nā pūnaewele.
• Ma hope o nā makahiki he 20 o ka noiʻi ʻana, ua loaʻa i nā kānaka ʻepekema nā hopena i kēia mau pilikia. Ua aʻo lākou e hana i kahi uhi o nā ʻāpana momona liʻiliʻi (nā nanoparticles lipid) e pale i ka molekole mRNA. ʻO kēia ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lāʻau pale o kēia wā.
• ʻO ka mea hope loa, i ka makahiki 2018, ua ʻae ʻia kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo patisiran e mālama i kahi maʻi neurological laha ʻole. ʻO ke ʻano hana like i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻouna i ka RNA i loko o nā cell ma hope mai ua hoʻomākaukau i ke ala no nā hui e like me Pfizer lāua ʻo Moderna e hoʻomohala i nā lāʻau pale COVID-19.

He mea maʻamau ka makaʻu iki a me ke kānalua i nā mea hou, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ke hiki mai kekahi mea ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻano hana kahiko a mākou i maʻa mau ai, he mea paʻakikī iā mākou ke manaʻoʻiʻo koke. Akā, ʻo kēia ʻenehana mRNA kahi mea a nā tausani o nā kānaka ʻepekema i hoʻomohala ai i nā makahiki he ʻumi a ua hōʻoia ʻia he palekana. ʻO ia ke kumu, i ka wā e hiki mai ai kahi maʻi ahulau koʻikoʻi, ua hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā lāʻau pale palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi i loko o kekahi mau mahina, ma mua o ke kali ʻana no nā makahiki.