E aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā aʻalolo kūikawā 12 e puka mai ana mai kou lolo? (Nā aʻalolo Cranial)

Nui nā mea kupaianaha e hana nei i loko o ko kākou kino, ʻeā? ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, akā aia kekahi mau ʻelele koʻikoʻi e lawe ana i nā leka mai kou lolo ʻaʻole wale i kou poʻo, maka, a me ka ʻāʻī, akā i kou umauma hoʻi. ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau aʻalolo cranial, a i ʻole ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, `(Cranial Nerves)`.

He aha kēia mau aʻalolo cranial?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kou mau aʻalolo cranial he hui o 12 mau aʻalolo. Ua like lākou me nā uea uila. Hoʻouna a loaʻa iā lākou nā hōʻailona uila mai kou lolo i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o kou poʻo, maka, ʻāʻī, a me ka umauma o luna. ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona ka mea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike, honi, ʻono, lohe, a hoʻoneʻe i kou mau ʻiʻo maka e minoʻaka a kamaʻilio. Hoʻomaka kēia mau aʻalolo ma ke kua o kou lolo. He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa lākou o kāu ʻōnaehana nerve.

Ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ka ʻike, ka lohe, ke honi, a me ka ʻono, noʻonoʻo koke ʻoe i nā mea e like me nā maka, nā pepeiao, ka ihu, a me ka waha. Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole olakino kēia mau aʻalolo cranial, ʻaʻole hiki i kou mau manaʻo ke hana pono. ʻO kēia mau aʻalolo cranial kekahi e kōkua iā ʻoe e hana i nā ʻano helehelena like ʻole a kamaʻilio me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Ehia mau hui o kēia mau aʻalolo? Pehea lākou i loaʻa ai?

He 12 mau aʻalolo cranial kou. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia aʻalolo i ʻelua, e lawelawe ana i ʻelua ʻaoʻao o ka lolo a me ʻelua ʻaoʻao o ke kino. Eia kekahi laʻana, he ʻelua aʻalolo honi kou (nā aʻalolo no ka honi). Aia kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka lolo, a ʻo kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau.

ʻElua o kēia mau hui aʻalolo - kou aʻalolo honi (ka mea nāna e hoʻomalu i kou ʻala) a me kou aʻalolo optic (ka mea nāna e hoʻomalu i kou ʻike) - hoʻomaka i loko o kou cerebrum. ʻO ka cerebrum ka ʻāpana nui loa o kou lolo. Hoʻomaka nā hui aʻalolo he 10 ʻē aʻe i loko o kou lolo. ʻO kēia lolo ka mea e hoʻopili ai i kou lolo a me ke kaula spinal.

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe? ʻO ka aʻalolo cranial lōʻihi loa ʻo ia ka Vagus Acid. Holo ia mai kou lolo a hiki i kou Large Intestine, e pili ana i nā ʻōpū he nui ma ke ala.

He aha nā hana nui o nā aʻalolo Cranial?

ʻO ka hapa nui o kou mau aʻalolo cranial ka mea e lawe i ka ʻike sensory a me/a i ʻole ka ʻike motor a i ʻole ka ʻike kaohi neʻe .

Kōkua nā aʻalolo sensory iā ʻoe:

• E hoʻopā, e hoʻopā i ka ʻeha a me ka mahana.
• E hoʻolohe i nā leo.
• Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mea.
• E honi iā ​​ia.
• ʻOno.

Kōkua nā aʻalolo hoʻokele i ka kaohi ʻana i nā ʻiʻo kikoʻī . Hiki i kekahi mau aʻalolo cranial ke hana i nā hana sensory a me nā hana motor.

He hana kūikawā ko kēlā me kēia o kou mau aʻalolo cranial 12. Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​kauka iā lākou ma ka helu a me ka hana. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o lākou:

1. ʻAʻalolo Honi (CN I)

ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke honi. E noʻonoʻo e hiki iā ʻoe ke honi i ka meaʻai ʻono a i ʻole nā ​​​​pua ma muli o kēia aʻalolo.

2. ʻO ke aʻalolo maka (CN II)

ʻO kēia ʻōkana e lawe i ka ʻike āu e ʻike ai, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻike , i ka lolo.

3. ʻO ke aʻalolo Oculomotor (CN III)

Kōkua kēia aʻalolo iā ʻoe e hoʻoneʻe i kou mau maka, e hāpai i kou mau lihilihi maka, a hoʻonui i ka haumāna e like me ka mālamalama .

4. ʻO ke aʻalolo Trochlear (CN IV)

Kōkua kēia aʻalolo iā ʻoe e nānā i lalo, e hoʻohuli i kou ihu i kekahi ʻaoʻao, a i ʻole e hoʻohuli i kou ihu i kekahi ʻaoʻao .

5. ʻO ke aʻalolo Trigeminal (CN V)

He aʻalolo koʻikoʻi loa kēia. ʻO ia ka mea e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka manaʻo (hoʻopā, ʻeha) i kou mau maka, ka hapa nui o kou helehelena, a me loko o kou waha . ʻAʻole wale ia, akā kōkua pū kēia aʻalolo iā ʻoe e nau i kāu meaʻai .

6. ʻO ke aʻalolo Abducens (CN VI)

Kōkua kēia aʻalolo iā ʻoe e hoʻoneʻe i kou mau maka i ka hema a me ka ʻākau .

7. ʻAʻalolo Maka (ʻAʻalolo Maka - CN VII)

Hoʻomalu ia i kekahi mau ʻiʻo e hoʻomalu i nā ʻano helehelena, e like me ka wā e minoʻaka ai ʻoe a i ʻole ke kuʻekuʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi ke aʻalolo e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻono i kahi ʻāpana o kou alelo .

8. Nerve Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

ʻO kēia ka mea e kōkua iā ʻoe e lohe i nā mea a mālama i ke kaulike o kou kino .

9. ʻO ke aʻalolo Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

ʻO ia ke kuleana no ka ʻono o ka ʻono ma kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kou alelo, a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka moni ʻana i ka meaʻai . Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā ia nā olonā nerve parasympathetic e kaohi ana i ke koko, a pili i ka hana ʻana o ka lawai.

10. ʻO ke aʻalolo Vagus (CN X)

He aʻalolo koʻikoʻi loa kēia. Hoʻoponopono ia i nā kaʻina hana he nui i loko o kou kino, e like me ka ʻai ʻana, ke koko, ka helu o ka puʻuwai, ka hanu ʻana, ke ʻano, a me ka hana ʻana o ka lawai . ʻO ia ke aʻalolo nui i loko o kāu ʻōnaehana nerve parasympathetic .

11. ʻAʻalolo kōkua (ʻAʻalolo kōkua / ʻAʻalolo kōkua kuamoʻo - CN XI)

Kōkua kēia aʻalolo i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā neʻe ʻana o kou mau poʻohiwi a me kou ʻāʻī .

12. ʻO ke aʻalolo Hypoglossal (CN XII)

Hoʻomalu ia i nā neʻe ʻana o kou alelo , he mea nui loa ia i kou wā e ʻōlelo ai, ʻai ai, a moni ai.

He aha nā pilikia e hoʻopilikia ai i kēia mau aʻalolo cranial?

Inā ua hōʻino ʻia kekahi o kēia mau aʻalolo cranial ma kekahi ʻano, ʻaʻole ia e hana pono. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā pilikia neʻe kikoʻī a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pilikia sensory ma muli o ka hana o kēlā aʻalolo. Aia kekahi mau kumu e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana o kēia mau aʻalolo. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Nā ʻeha poʻo`(Poʻo Trauma / ʻEha Loio Traumatic)`. E noʻonoʻo, e like me ke kuʻi ʻana i kou poʻo i kahi ulia.
• Nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana nerve a i ʻole ka lolo , no ka laʻana, nā maʻi e like me ka neuropathy a me ka amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
• Ka ʻomi ʻana o ke aʻalolo e nā kīʻaha koko, nā puʻupuʻu, a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana kokoke i ke aʻalolo.
• Nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa , no ka laʻana, ka maʻi microvascular (ka maʻi o nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi), ka hahau ʻana.
• ʻO ka mumū i hoʻokumu ʻia e kekahi mau maʻi , no ka laʻana, ka Herpes Zoster Virus (ʻo ia ka maʻi like e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi e like me ka measles a me ka chickenpox, a ke kumu o ke ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo shingles).
• ʻO nā maʻi autoimmune nā maʻi kahi e hoʻouka ai ka ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī o ke kino i ke kino. No ka laʻana, scleroderma, Sjögren's syndrome.
• Nā ʻeha ulia pōpilikia i ka wā o ke ʻoki ʻana o ka lolo, ka maka, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻoki niho.

He aha nā maʻi palupalu o ke aʻalolo Cranial?

Ke loaʻa kahi pilikia me ke aʻalolo cranial motor e kaohi ana i ka neʻe ʻana, kapa nā kauka ia he "palsy." ʻO "Palsy" ke ʻano he mea e like me ka "paralysis" a i ʻole "nalowale o ke ola." Hoʻopilikia kēia i nā ʻiʻo a me nā pilikia me ka neʻe ʻana.

Eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hana ʻole o ke aʻalolo cranial:

• Palsy ʻAʻalolo ʻEkolu / Palsy Oculomotor: Ma kēia ʻano, ʻike ʻia kekahi o kou mau maka e huli ana i lalo a i waho.
• ʻO ka maʻi lolo o ke aʻalolo ʻehā / ka maʻi lolo o ke aʻalolo trochlear: ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ʻike pālua ʻana i ke kū pololei, a me ka paʻakikī ke nānā ʻana i lalo.
• ʻO ka Palsy Aʻalolo ʻEono / Abducens Nerve Palsy: Ma kēia kūlana, ʻaʻole paha e kūlike nā maka me kekahi i kekahi (Strabismus) a hiki ke ʻike pālua ʻia.
• ʻO Bell's Palsy: He ʻano kēia e hoʻopilikia ai i kou aʻalolo maka. He hana pono ʻole kēia o ke aʻalolo maka. ʻO ka maʻamau, nalowale kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka maka i kona ikaika no kekahi manawa a hāʻule.

He aha nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kēia mau aʻalolo?

ʻO kekahi maʻi kikoʻī o ke aʻalolo cranial ʻo ia ka neuralgia trigeminal . Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā hanana o ka ʻeha nui a hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui ma ka maka. Hiki i kēia ʻeha ke koʻikoʻi loa a hiki ke paʻakikī ke hana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. Hana pinepine kēia i ka wā e kaomi ʻia ai ke aʻalolo trigeminal e kahi kīʻaha koko.

Hiki i kekahi mau aʻalolo cranial, e like me kou aʻalolo optic a me ke aʻalolo vagus, ke loaʻa nā ʻano hana like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ke aʻalolo optic e komo pū ana me ka glaucoma a me ka optic neuritis.(Ka mumū ʻana o ke aʻalolo optic). ʻO ka hana ʻole ʻana o ke aʻalolo vagus hiki ke hana i nā kūlana e like me ka gastroparesis (ka hana ʻole ʻana o nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū) a me ka vasovagal syncope (ka hiolo koke ʻana).

He aha kā kākou e hana ai e mālama i ke olakino o ko kākou mau aʻalolo cranial?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia kekahi mau maʻi o ke aʻalolo cranial. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e mālama i kou lolo, nā aʻalolo cranial, a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve holoʻokoʻa:

• E mālama i kahi kaumaha olakino e kūpono iā ʻoe.
• E ʻai i nā meaʻai momona. E hoʻokomo i nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā legume, a me nā palaoa piha i kāu papaʻai.
• E hoʻoikaika kino i nā manawa a pau.
• E mālama i kou koko i kahi pae olakino.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi e hiki ke hōʻino i kou mau aʻalolo, e like me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, e kaohi pono iā lākou.
• Inā ʻoe e inu i ka waiʻona, e kaupalena iā ia.
• Inā ʻoe e puhipaka, e hoʻōki.

He aha nā hōʻailona e pono ai iaʻu e ʻike i ke kauka?

ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o ke aʻalolo cranial a i ʻole ka maʻi ma muli o ke aʻalolo i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​e ʻike koke i ke kauka:

• Ke kūlou nei kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka maka.
• ʻEha maka a i ʻole ka mae ʻana o ka maka.
• Ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o ka ikaika.
• ʻO ka ʻeha ma nā wahi a pau o ke kino.
• Nā pilikia ʻike.
• Nā pilikia me ka ʻono a i ʻole ke ʻala.
• ʻO Dysarthria kahi ʻōlelo palalulu.
• Ka paʻakikī i ka nau ʻana a i ʻole ke ale ʻana i ka meaʻai (Dysphagia).

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

I kēia manawa, ua maopopo paha iā ʻoe ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau aʻalolo cranial iā kākou. ʻAʻole hiki iā kākou ke ʻike i ke ao a puni kākou - ʻike, lohe, honi, ʻono i nā mea - me ka ʻole o kēia mau aʻalolo. He mea nui nō hoʻi lākou no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ko kākou mau maka, ke alelo, ka waha, a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ko kākou helehelena.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo nui e pili ana i kēia mau aʻalolo a hiki i ka wā e hewa ai kekahi mea. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻike koke ʻoe i kahi loli i kou mau manaʻo, a inā paha e loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka hana o kou helehelena, hiki ke loaʻa ma muli o kahi pilikia me kekahi o nā aʻalolo cranial. Inā pēlā, e ʻike pono i ke kauka. E hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo pono i ka mea i hewa. Mai hopohopo, aia pinepine nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia.

Nā aʻalolo o ke poʻo, Nā aʻalolo o ka lolo, ʻŌnaehana aʻalolo, Nā aʻalolo maka, Nā aʻalolo ʻike, Nā aʻalolo hoʻokele