Aia kekahi mau kumu no kāu mau hōʻailona? E aʻo kākou pehea e hiki ai i nā kauka ke loaʻa iā lākou (Differential Diagnosis)!

Ke hele ʻoe i ke kauka me ke anu, ke kuni, a i ʻole kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole ʻōlelo koke ke kauka, "ʻO kēia kāu mea i loaʻa," ʻeā? Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā kānaka e ʻōlelo ana i nā mea e like me, "Ma muli o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​hiki ke lilo i kēia maʻi, a i ʻole kēlā maʻi. E nānā hou aku kākou, pono paha e hana i kahi hoʻāʻo." Pēlā mākou e kamaʻilio ai e pili ana i kahi ʻano hana koʻikoʻi loa a nā kauka e hoʻohana ai e ʻike pono i ke ʻano o kou maʻi, ma waena o kekahi mau maʻi i loaʻa nā hōʻailona like. ʻO kēia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Differential Diagnosis" i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ua like ia me "differential diagnosis."

He aha ka mea maʻalahi o ka "Differential Diagnosis"?

E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he mau hōʻailona kou. Eia kekahi laʻana, he ʻeha nui kou poʻo a ua nāwaliwali kou manaʻo. I kēia manawa, aia paha ma mua o hoʻokahi maʻi e loaʻa ana kēia mau hōʻailona. Hiki paha ke lilo i ka maʻi palū maʻamau, a i ʻole he mea ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi.

No laila, ʻo ka mea a ke kauka e hana ai, ʻo ia ke hana i kahi papa inoa o nā kūlana hiki ke loaʻa ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā papa inoa he "Differential Diagnosis." Ua like kēia me kahi mākaʻi e hana ana i kahi papa inoa o nā mea kānalua. ʻAʻole kēia kāu "Final Diagnosis," akā he ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi i ka hiki ʻana i laila. Mai kēia papa inoa ʻoe e holo ai i nā hoʻokolohua, e nīnau hou aku i nā nīnau, a hoʻopau i nā mea pili ʻole e ʻike pono ai i ka pilikia.

Pehea e ʻike ai ke kauka i kahi maʻi e like me kēia? (Kaʻina hana diagnostic)

Hahai ke kauka i kekahi mau ʻanuʻu e ʻike pololei ai i ka maʻi. Ua like kēia me ke ʻano hana ʻepekema.

1. ʻO ka mea mua, e nīnau pono mākou iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona.

Ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka, e hoʻomaka mua ʻo ia e nīnau iā ʻoe.

• "He aha kou mau hōʻailona?"
• "Pehea ka lōʻihi o kēia mau hōʻailona e mau nei?"
• "Pehea kēia ʻeha, kēia ʻoluʻolu ʻole? He koʻikoʻi anei? He akahai anei?"
• "Aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e manaʻo nei he mea ʻē?"

Ke hoʻāʻo nei ke kauka e loaʻa kahi manaʻo maʻamau o kou kūlana ma o nā nīnau e like me kēia.

2. E nānā mākou i kou mau maʻi i hala a me nā ʻano olakino (`Medical History`)

A laila, e nīnau ke kauka e pili ana i kou mōʻaukala olakino piha .

• "Ua loaʻa anei iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e like me kēia ma mua?"
• "Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kekahi mau mea (meaʻai, hana, kaiapuni) e hoʻonui a hoʻemi paha i kēia mau ʻano?"
• "Ua loaʻa anei kekahi mau loli nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia i kou ola i kēia mau lā?"
• "He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā wikamina, a me nā mea hoʻohui āu e lawe nei?"

He mea nui loa kēia ʻike, no ka mea, hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona e ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei a i ʻole e kahi maʻi mua.

3. Hoʻokolokolo Kino

A laila e nānā ke kauka iā ʻoe. ʻO ka maʻamau, e komo pū kēia me kāuʻO kēia ka nānā ʻana i kou koko, ka nānā ʻana i kou helu puʻuwai, a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kou mau māmā me ka stethoscope. I kekahi manawa, hiki iā lākou ke pā i kou ʻōpū a nānā i kou puʻu. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i kāu kauka e ʻike inā he mau mea ʻē i loko o kou kino.

4. ʻO ia ka manawa e hana ʻia ai ka papa inoa "Differential Diagnosis".

Ma muli o ka ʻike āu e hāʻawi ai a me nā hopena o ka hoʻokolokolo kino, e ʻike kāu kauka i kekahi mau kūlana hiki ke kūlike me kāu mau hōʻailona. Ua kapa ʻia kēia papa inoa o nā kūlana hiki ke kūlike me ka "Differential Diagnosis."

5. A laila, inā pono, e hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe.

I kēia manawa, no ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā maʻi ma kēlā papa inoa āu, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe. E ʻokoʻa kēia mau hoʻokolohua ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona.

ʻo kahi laʻana:

• Nā hoʻokolohua keʻena hoʻokolohua: Nā mea e like me nā hoʻokolohua koko a me nā hoʻokolohua mimi.
• Nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi: E like me ka X-ray a i ʻole ka ultrasound scan.
• I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi "biopsy" , ʻo ia hoʻi ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo a nānā iā ia.

6. Hoʻohālikelike hou ʻia nā hopena hoʻāʻo a me nā hōʻailona.

Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo, e nānā pono ke kauka i nā hopena, kou mau hōʻailona, ​​a me kou mōʻaukala olakino.

7. ʻO ka hōʻoia hope loa ka mea e haʻi iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maoli.

Ma hope wale nō o ka hana ʻana i kēia mau mea a pau a me ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo e haʻi aku ai ke kauka iā ʻoe i kou kūlana olakino maoli ('Final Diagnosis`) . A laila wale nō e hoʻomaka ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai.

I ka manawa hea e hana ʻia ai ka "Differential Diagnosis"?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, pono kēia kaʻina hana "Differential Diagnosis" inā like kāu mau hōʻailona i nā maʻi he nui . No ka laʻana, ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha o ka umauma, hiki ke hana ʻia ma muli o ka "Heart Attack", hiki ke hana ʻia ma muli o ka gastritis, a i ʻole ma muli o ka "Muscle Strain". A laila noʻonoʻo ke kauka i kēia mau ʻano āpau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e hoʻopau i kēia kānalua a loaʻa ke kumu pololei.

He aha kāu e manaʻo ai i ka wā o kēia kaʻina hana?

Ma mua o ka hōʻoia ʻana

Ke hele ʻoe i ke kauka, he mea nui loa ia e lawe mai i kahi papa inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, nā huaora, a me nā mea hoʻohui āu e lawe ai. No ka mea, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana i kekahi mau hōʻailona. E nīnau ke kauka iā ʻoe e pili ana i kou olakino a me nā maʻi i hala. He mea nui e pane pololei iā lākou.

I ka wā o ka hōʻoia ʻana

Ke hāʻawi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe i kahi papa inoa o nā "diagnosis differential" e ʻōlelo ana, "Hiki paha kēia i kēia mau maʻi," makaʻu iki paha ʻoe. Manaʻo paha ʻoe, "Auē, loaʻa iaʻu kēia mau maʻi a pau?" Akā, mai makaʻu loa.ʻAʻole ia manaʻo he loaʻa iā ʻoe kēlā mau maʻi āpau. Ua like ia me kahi papa inoa o nā mea kānalua. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua aʻe a ke kauka e hana ai, ʻo ia ke kāpae i nā mea pili ʻole mai kēlā papa inoa a loaʻa i hoʻokahi wale nō. He "kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopau ʻana," ʻo ia hoʻi, he kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.

Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana

He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole he hōʻailona piha ka "Differential Diagnosis". He ʻanuʻu hoʻokahi wale nō ia a ke kauka e hoʻohana ai ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i kahi hopena hope loa. I kekahi mau maʻi paʻakikī, hiki ke lōʻihi ka manawa e ʻike ai i ke kumu pololei a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo koke ʻia. Hiki i ke kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe. Ke hana ʻia kahi "Final Diagnosis", e ʻōlelo ke kauka i ka lāʻau kūpono nou.

Aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka "Differential Diagnosis"?

ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo "Differential Diagnosis" e hōʻemi i ka manawa kūpono o ka kuhi hewa ʻana. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ke kauka ke mālama i ka maʻi pololei, ʻaʻole e hoʻokau iā ʻoe i ka pōʻino. Ma ka hana ʻana i kahi papa inoa o nā maʻi hiki ke loaʻa ma kēia ʻano a me ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua, hiki ke loaʻa a mālama i ke kumu o ka maʻi, ma mua o ka mālama wale ʻana i nā hōʻailona.

Eia nō naʻe, inā e hala kekahi ʻanuʻu i kēia kaʻina hana diagnostic, a inā ʻaʻole i noiʻi pono ʻia nā ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kahi manawa liʻiliʻi e hiki ai i ka hopena hewa. Eia nō naʻe, inā hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua āpau e pono ai a hahai pono ʻia kēia kaʻina hana, ua liʻiliʻi loa ka manawa e hana hewa ai.

Āhea e hiki ai iaʻu ke ʻike i nā hopena o kēia "Differential Diagnosis"?

He mea paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo pololei i ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e ʻike ai. Aia ia i nā mea he nui, e like me ke ʻano o kāu mau hōʻailona a me ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi i manaʻo ʻia. I kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hala i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka launa pū me kāu kauka i kēia manawa. He mea nui loa ia e haʻi koke i kāu kauka inā he loli i kāu mau hōʻailona (hoʻonui, emi, hōʻailona hou) a i ʻole inā he loli i kāu mōʻaukala olakino (e laʻa, hoʻomaka i kahi lāʻau hou, noho ʻana ma ka haukapila).

I ka manawa hea e pono ai iaʻu e ʻike hou i ke kauka?

Inā ʻike ʻoe i ke kauka a loaʻa nā mea aʻe i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hōʻoia, he mea maikaʻi ke ʻike hou ʻana i ke kauka:

• Inā e ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kou mau hōʻailona, ​​a nalowale koke paha.
• Inā ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona hou.
• Inā ʻoe i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka haukapila no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe.
• Inā he loli i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei.

E nānā kākou i kekahi mau laʻana o ka "Differential Diagnosis".

Nui nā maʻi e loaʻa nā hōʻailona like. E ʻike a mālama kāu kauka i kou kūlana ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona. E nānā kākou i kekahi mau laʻana.

1. ʻEha ʻōpū

Nā hōʻailona:ʻO ka manaʻo o ka ʻūmiʻi ma kahi o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻeha wili, a i ʻole ka ʻeha ʻoi e like me ka pahi e hou ana iā ʻoe, hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea.

Nā maʻi hiki ke loaʻa (ʻIke ʻokoʻa):

• ʻApendisitis
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū
• Maʻi ʻōpū mumū
• Ka Pā ʻana o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka ʻōpū
• ʻO ka maʻi pancreatitis

2. Kuke (`Kuke`)

Nā Hōʻailona: Manaʻo o kahi puʻu ma ka puʻu, a i ʻole ka ʻū maloʻo, ka ʻāʻī ʻeha.

Nā maʻi hiki ke loaʻa (ʻIke ʻokoʻa):

• Asthma
• ʻO ka bronchitis
• Pneumonia
• ʻAkika reflux (a i ʻole reflux)
• Nā maʻi ʻaleka kau

3. Luhi

Nā Hōʻailona: Manaʻo luhi i nā manawa a pau, manaʻo palaualelo, manaʻo luhi ʻoiai ma hope o ka hiamoe ʻana, manaʻo nāwaliwali.

Nā maʻi hiki ke loaʻa (ʻIke ʻokoʻa):

• Anemia
• Kaumaha
• ʻAʻole hiki ke hiamoe
• Maʻi Thyroid

4. ʻEha poʻo

Nā Hōʻailona: ʻEha poʻo, i kekahi manawa he ʻoluʻolu, i kekahi manawa koʻikoʻi, e like me ka ʻeha poʻo i māhele ʻia, ʻike i ka walaʻau o waho. Hiki ke mau no nā hola a i ʻole nā ​​lā.

Nā maʻi hiki (Differential Diagnosis): (Hiki ke nui nā kumu ma aneʻi, no ka laʻana)

• ʻEha poʻo
• Migraine
• Maʻi Sinus
• ʻO ke poʻo ʻeha i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke koko kiʻekiʻe (hypertension)

He mea nui: ʻO kēia mau laʻana wale nō ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo o ke kaʻina hana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​pono ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka no ka ʻōlelo aʻo.

Leka Hoʻihoʻi Hope Loa

No laila, ʻo ka "Differential Diagnosis" kahi ʻano hana koʻikoʻi loa a ʻōnaehana hoʻi a nā kauka e hoʻohana ai e ʻike i ke kumu pololei o kahi maʻi.

• ʻAʻole ʻo ka "Differential Diagnosis" kāu hōʻailona hope loa. He papa inoa wale nō ia o nā maʻi hiki ke loaʻa.
• Mai makaʻu ke ʻike ʻoe i kēia papa inoa. Ke hana nei ke kauka i kēia no ke kōkua ʻana iā ʻoe.
• He lōʻihi paha ka manawa e ʻike ai i ka maʻi kikoʻī, no laila e hoʻomanawanui.
• E hana i nā hoʻokolohua a kāu kauka i kauoha ai a hahai i nā kuhikuhi.
• Inā loli kou mau hōʻailona, ​​e haʻi koke aku i kāu kauka.

Ma ka hana pū ʻana me kāu kauka ma kēia ʻano, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kumu pololei o kou kūlana, e loaʻa koke i ka lāʻau kūpono, a hoʻōla.

`ʻIkepili, ʻIkepili ʻokoʻa, Nā hōʻailona, ​​Nā hoʻāʻo lapaʻau, Ola kino, Nā maʻi, ʻŌlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau