Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka ' testosterone ' `( testosterone )`. He huaʻōlelo ia e pili pinepine ana i ka ikaika o ke kāne, ka ikaika, a me ke ʻano kino. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole wale kēia hormone koʻikoʻi i nā kāne. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano maoli o ka testosterone, pehea e hana ai, a pehea e hoʻopilikia ai i kou kino.
He aha maoli ka Testosterone?
I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i kona kuleana, e hoʻomaka kākou me nā kumu. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he hormone ka testosterone. Hana nui ʻia ia e kāu mau kelepa wahine, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo kāu '(gonads)'. ʻOi aku ka pololei, hana ʻia ia i loko o nā testicles '(testicles)' i nā kāne, a ma nā ovaries '( ovaries )' i nā wahine.
Eia kekahi, hana kāu mau kelepa adrenal i kahi hormone i kapa ʻia ʻo dehydroepiandrosterone (Dehydroepiandrosterone - DHEA). A laila hoʻololi kou kino i kēia (DHEA) i nā hormones ʻē aʻe, me ka testosterone a me ka estrogen (estrogen).
ʻO Testosterone ka androgen mua `(androgen)` . He hormone ka androgen e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano kāne. Ma muli o kēia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā pae testosterone o nā kāne i loko o ko lākou kino.
He Steroid anei ka Testosterone?
E noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe, "He steroid anei ka testosterone?" ʻAe, he steroid maoli nō ka testosterone maoli — i hoʻokaʻawale kūikawā ʻia he steroid anabolic-androgenic `(steroid anabolic-androgenic)`. ʻO "Anabolic" `(Anabolic)` e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻiʻo, ʻoiai ʻo "androgenic" `(androgenic)` e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano kāne.
Eia nō naʻe, ke kapa pinepine ka poʻe i nā "steroids anabolic" `(nā steroids anabolic)`, ke kamaʻilio pinepine nei lākou e pili ana i nā mana synthetic (hana ʻia e ke kanaka) o ka testosterone i hana ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua. ʻO kēia nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia a lawe ʻia paha me ke kūpono ʻole.
Mai kahi kuanaʻike lapaʻau, kuhikuhi nā loea mālama ola i ka testosterone synthetic e mālama a hoʻokele i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻo ia ka mea nui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka masculinizing hormone therapy `(Masculinizing Hormone therapy)`.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hoʻohana hewa kekahi mau mea pāʻani a me nā mea hana kino i ka testosterone synthetic (nā steroids anabolic) i nā dosis kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a hoʻololi paha i ko lākou helehelena kino. Hiki i kēia ʻano hoʻohana hewa ke alakaʻi i nā hopena ʻino . I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā pilikia olakino weliweli e like me ke koko ʻana (blood clots)', ka hahau ʻana (stroke), a hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi kanesa prostate ( prostate cancer). ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau mea me ka ʻole o ka nānā ʻana o ke kauka he mea weliweli loa ia a ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia.
He aha ka hana a Testosterone i loko o kou kino?
No laila, he aha ke kuleana o ka testosterone `(Testosterone)` i loko o kou kino? Hoʻololi a hoʻololi kāna mau hana i nā pae like ʻole o kou ola. E nānā kākou pehea e hana ai i kēia mau pae koʻikoʻi:
- Ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpū (Fetal developmentENT)
- Ka wā ʻōpiopio o ke kāne (ʻōpio no nā keiki kāne)
- ʻO ka wā makua `(ʻO ka wā makua)`
Ke Kuleana o Testosterone i ka Hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Fetal
I ka ulu ʻana o kahi fetus i loko o ka ʻōpū, hoʻoulu kahi gene hoʻoholo wahine ma ka chromosome Y i ka ulu ʻana o nā testes `(testicles)` i nā fetus kāne ma kahi o ʻehiku pule o ka hāpai ʻana. A laila hoʻomaka kēia mau testes e hana i ka testosterone.
I loko o kēia pae fetal, ʻo ka testosterone ke kuleana nuino ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpū hānau kāne o loko a me waho.
ʻO Testosterone i ka wā o ke kāne ʻōpio
Ke komo ke keikikāne i ka wā ʻōpio, hoʻokele ka testosterone i nā hoʻololi kino nui e hana ʻia. ʻO kēia mau mea:
- Ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho o ke kino, ka maka, a me ka pubic.
- Ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka penis, nā testicles, a me ka prostate gland.
- ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka makemake moekolohe `(libido)` a me ka ʻike moekolohe.
Testosterone i nā kāne makua
I ka wā makua, pono nā kāne i ka testosterone e hana i ka sperm . Eia kekahi, kōkua ia i:
- E hōʻailona i kou kino e hana i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula hou.
- E mālama i nā iwi ikaika a me ka nui o nā ʻiʻo.
- E hoʻoponopono i ka makemake moekolohe `(libido)` a kākoʻo i kahi ʻano paʻa.
Testosterone i nā wāhine makua
E noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe, "Pono anei nā wāhine i ka testosterone?" ʻAe nō. I nā wāhine, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka testosterone i ka mālama ʻana i ka makemake moekolohe `(libido)`. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka testosterone i hana ʻia e nā ovaries `(ovaries)` ua hoʻololi ʻia i estradiol `(estradiol)` , ʻo ia ka hormone wahine mua.
Pehea e hoʻoponopono ʻia ai kāu pae Testosterone?
Pehea e mālama ai kou kino i kou pae testosterone `(Testosterone)` i ke koko? Hilinaʻi ia i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻihoʻi kūloko akamai loa. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāu mau pae testosterone i ke kakahiaka a emi mālie i ka holomua ʻana o ka lā.
ʻO ka nui o ka testosterone i hana ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia e kāu mau gonads `(gonads)`—kou mau testicles `(testicles)` a i ʻole ovaries `(ovaries)`—ua hoʻomalu ʻia e ʻelua mau wahi koʻikoʻi i loko o kou lolo: ʻo ka hypothalamus `(Hypothalamus)` a me ka pituitary gland `(Pituitary gland)`.
Eia kahi nānā ʻanuʻu i ka hana ʻana o kēia kaʻina hana:
1. Hoʻokuʻu kou hypothalamus `(Hypothalamus)` i ka hormone hoʻokuʻu gonadotropin `(Gonadotropin-releasing hormone – GnRH)`.
2. Hōʻike kēia `(GnRH)` i kāu pituitary gland `(Pituitary gland)` e hoʻokuʻu i ka luteinizing hormone `(Luteinizing hormone - LH)`.
3. Hele ka `(LH)` ma o kou kahe koko i kou mau `gonads` (gonads)`, e hoʻoulu ana iā lākou e hana a hoʻokuʻu i ka testosterone. (I loko o nā ovaries o nā wahine, hoʻoulu nui ka `(LH)` i ka hana ʻana o ka estrogen `(estrogen)` a me ka progesterone `(progesterone)`.)
Ke piʻi aʻe kou pae testosterone koko, hōʻailona lākou i ka hypothalamus e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o `(GnRH)`. Kōkua kēia loop feedback maikaʻi ʻole i ka mālama ʻana i kāu testosterone i loko o kahi pae olakino, e hana ana e like me ka thermostat aunoa .
Inā ʻaʻole hana pono kekahi ʻāpana o kēia loop—ʻo ka hypothalamus '(Hypothalamus)', ka pituitary gland '(Pituitary gland)', a i ʻole nā gonads '(gonads)'—hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā pae testosterone kūpono ʻole.
He aha nā hoʻokolohua e ana i nā pae Testosterone?
Inā manaʻo kāu kauka ua ʻoi aku ka nui o kāu testosterone `(Testosterone)` ma waho o ka pae maʻamau, hiki iā lākou ke paipai i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau hoʻokolohua koko, me:
- ʻO ka hoʻāʻo koko testosterone holoʻokoʻa `(Hoʻāʻo koko testosterone holoʻokoʻa)`: Hana ʻia kēia i ke kakahiaka i ka wā e piʻi ai kou pae testosterone i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe loa.
- Hoʻāʻo koko no ka hormone hoʻoulu Follicle `(Follicle-stimulating hormone – FSH)`.
- Hoʻāʻo koko hormone luteinizing `(Luteinizing hormone – LH)`.
He aha nā pae Testosterone maʻamau e ka makahiki?
He aha nā pae kuhikuhi maʻamau no ka testosterone `(Testosterone)`? Ua ana ʻia kēia mau waiwai ma nā nanograms no ka deciliter `(ng/dL)`.
E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomanaʻoʻo ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he "maʻamau" hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo koko kikoʻī i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka hale hana `(laboratory)` e nānā ana i kāu laʻana. E wehewehe mau ana kāu kauka i kāu mau hopena ma muli o nā pae kuhikuhi kikoʻī i hāʻawi ʻia e ka hale hana hoʻāʻo. Inā he mau hopohopo kāu e pili ana i kāu mau helu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūkākūkā pololei ʻana me kāu mea mālama ola.
Aia ma lalo nā alakaʻi maʻamau no nā pae testosterone maʻamau:
Nā Pae Testosterone Maʻamau no nā Kāne `(ng/dL)`:
- 0 a 5 mau mahina: 75 - 400
- 6 mahina a i 9 mau makahiki: Ma lalo o 7
- 10 a 11 mau makahiki: 7 - 130
- 12 a 13 mau makahiki: 7 - 800
- 14 mau makahiki: 7 - 1,200
- 15 a 16 mau makahiki: 100 - 1,200
- 17 a 18 mau makahiki: 300 - 1,200
- 19+ makahiki: 240 – 950
Nā Pae Testosterone Maʻamau no nā Wahine `(ng/dL)`:
- 0 a 5 mau mahina: 20 - 80
- 6 mahina a i 9 mau makahiki: Ma lalo o 7
- 10 a 11 mau makahiki: 7 - 44
- 12 a 16 mau makahiki: 7 - 75
- 17 a 18 mau makahiki: 20 - 75
- 19+ makahiki: 8 - 60
E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo: He mau pae kuhikuhi maʻamau kēia mau helu. ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu mea mālama ola kino ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaopopo ai i ke ʻano o kēia mau hopena no kāu ʻano olakino kūikawā.
He aha ke kumu o nā pae Testosterone kiʻekiʻe?
Hiki i kekahi mau kūlana olakino ke hoʻoulu i kou kino e hana i ka testosterone `(Testosterone)` keu. Eia kekahi o nā kumu maʻamau:
- ʻO ka Polycystic Ovary Syndrome `(Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome – PCOS)`: He ʻano kūlike ʻole hormonal maʻamau kēia e pili ana i nā poʻe me nā ovaries. Hoʻopuka nā ovaries i ka nui o nā androgens `(androgens)`, ʻoiai ka testosterone. Hiki i kēia kūlike ʻole ke hana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho makemake ʻole ʻia, ka ʻāʻī, a me nā wā maʻamau ʻole.
- ʻO ka Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia `(Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia – CAH)`: ʻO ka `(CAH)` he hui o nā maʻi genetic `(genetic mutations)` e hopena i ka nele o nā enzymes koʻikoʻi `(enzymes)` i loko o nā kelepa adrenal. Pono kēia mau enzymes e hana i ka cortisol `(cortisol)`—ka hormone e kōkua i kou kino e pane i ke kaumaha. Me ka ʻole o lākou, hana nui nā kelepa adrenal i nā hormones ʻē aʻe, me ka testosterone.
- Nā puʻupuʻu ovarian a i ʻole testicular `(Nā puʻupuʻu ovarian a i ʻole testicular)`: Hiki i kekahi mau puʻupuʻu o nā ovaries a i ʻole testicles ke hūnā i nā nui he nui o nā androgens `(androgen)`.
- ʻO nā puʻupuʻu adrenal `(Nā puʻupuʻu adrenal)`: ʻOiai he mea kakaikahi, hiki i kekahi mau puʻupuʻu i loko o nā kelepa adrenal ke hana nui i nā hormones wahine, me nā androgens (testosterone), estrogen `(estrogen)`, a i ʻole nā mea ʻelua.
ʻOkoʻa loa nā hopena o ka testosterone kiʻekiʻe '(Testosterone)' i kou kino ma muli o kou kāne i hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā hānau a me kou mau makahiki.
Testosterone kiʻekiʻe i nā kāne
I nā kāne makua, he mea kakaikahi nā pae testosterone kiʻekiʻe maoli a ʻaʻole hōʻike pinepine i nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia ma o lākou iho.
Eia nō naʻe, inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka pae testosterone o nā keikikāne ʻōpio, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i ka wā ʻōpiopio mua (precocious puberty) ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻomaka ka wā ʻōpiopio ma mua o ka piha ʻana o ka makahiki ʻeiwa.
Testosterone kiʻekiʻe i nā wahine
I nā pēpē wahine, hiki i nā pae testosterone kiʻekiʻe loa ke hoʻoulu i nā ʻano genitalia maopopo ʻole, e like me ka clitoris i hoʻonui ʻia. I nā kaikamahine ʻōpio, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka wā ʻōpiopio mua (precocious puberty) ʻoiai e hoʻomaka ana ka wā ʻōpiopio ma mua o ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki ʻewalu.
I nā wāhine makua, ʻo ka testosterone kiʻekiʻe pinepine he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ia o ka Polycystic Ovary Syndrome `(PCOS)` . He kūlana maʻamau kēia, e pili ana i ka 15% o nā wāhine o ka makahiki hānau.
Hiki i ka `(PCOS)` ke alakaʻi i nā hōʻailona e like me:
- ʻAkika nui `(Akika)`.
- Ka ulu nui ʻana o ka lauoho ma ka maka a me ke kino (kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo hirsutism `(hirsutism)`).
- ʻO ka menstruation kūpono ʻole a i ʻole ka hala ʻana o ka menstruation `(Irregular menstruation)`.
- Ka lahilahi ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻōhule ʻana o ka lauoho kāne.
- Ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka leo.
He aha ka mea e hana ai inā haʻahaʻa kāu mau pae Testosterone?
E kūkākūkā kākou i ka mea e hana ʻia ke hāʻule nā pae testosterone '(Testosterone)' ma lalo o ka maʻamau . ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka testosterone haʻahaʻa ke kumu o nā hōʻailona ʻike ʻia i nā kāne, kahi ʻano i ʻike ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo ka hypogonadism kāne '(male hypogonadism)'.
ʻElua mau hoʻokaʻawale nui o ka hypogonadism kāne `(male hypogonadism)`: ke ʻano maʻamau (hiki ke hānau ʻia a loaʻa paha) a me ka hoʻomaka hope.
ʻO ka hypogonadism kāne maʻamau `(Classical male hypogonadism)` hiki mai ke hoʻopilikia kahi maʻi lapaʻau, ʻeha, a maʻi paha i nā testicles `(testicles)`, ka pituitary gland `(pituitary gland)`, a i ʻole hypothalamus `(hypothalamus)`. Hiki i kēia ke hānau ʻia (mai ka hānau ʻana, e like me Klinefelter syndrome `(Klinefelter syndrome)` a i ʻole Kallmann syndrome `(Kallmann syndrome)`) a i ʻole i loaʻa ma hope o ke ola ma muli o ka trauma, ka maʻi, a i ʻole nā maʻi ʻē aʻe (i loaʻa).
Hoʻomaka ka hypogonadism kāne late-onset `(Late-onset male hypogonadism)` ma muli o ka ʻelemakule a me nā kūlana olakino e pili ana i ka makahiki, ʻoiai ka momona `(obesity)` a me ka maʻi diabetes Type 2 `(Type 2 diabetes)`. Hoʻopilikia kēia maʻi ma kahi o 2% o nā kāne ma luna o 40 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hemahema.
ʻO ka Testosterone Haʻahaʻa i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē
ʻO ka hemahema o ka testosterone `(Testosterone deficiency)` i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal hiki ke pale i nā ʻano kino kāne maʻamau mai ka hoʻokumu pono ʻana. ʻO kahi laʻana nui o kēia ʻo Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome `(Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome - AIS)`, kahi e kū mai ana i ka wā ʻaʻole hiki i kahi fetus kāne genetically ke pane i nā androgens `(androgens)` (nā hormones kāne).
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo `(AIS)` ma ke ʻano he maʻi o ka ulu ʻana o ka moekolohe `(disorder of sex differentiation)`. Hoʻopilikia ia i ka ulu ʻana o ka moekolohe i loko o ka ʻōpū a i ka wā ʻōpio. No laila, ʻaʻole paha e ulu piha nā ʻōkana hānau kāne maʻamau, a hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia nā kānaka e ka hānau ʻole ʻana `(infertility)` i ka wā makua.
ʻO ka Testosterone Haʻahaʻa i ka wā Puberty
Inā loaʻa i kahi keikikāne kahi hemahema testosterone `(Testosterone deficiency)` i ka wā ʻōpio, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaneʻe a hoʻopilikia paha i ka ulu ʻana, a laila e hopena i:
- ʻOi aku ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana, ʻoiai paha e ulu lōʻihi nā lima a me nā wāwae i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kino.
- Kakaikahi a ʻaʻohe paha ka lauoho pubic a me ke kino.
- Ua emi ka ulu ʻana o ka penis `(penis)` a me nā testicles `(testicles)`.
- Ka hiki ʻole o ka leo ke hoʻohōhonu.
- Ua emi ka ikaika kino a me ke ahonui i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hoa.
Testosterone Haʻahaʻa i nā Kāne Mākua
ʻOiai ʻo ka emi mālie ʻana o ka testosterone `(Testosterone)` he ʻāpana maoli ia o ka ʻelemakule, ʻo ka emi nui ʻana i ka wā makua hiki ke hana i nā hōʻailona ʻike ʻia, e like me:
- Ka pohō ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻiʻo a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka momona o ke kino i wehewehe ʻole ʻia.
- Ka nalowale ʻana o ka lauoho o ke kino a me ka maka.
- ʻAno kaumaha `(Depressed mood)` a i ʻole ka huhū.
- ʻO ka hana ʻino ʻana o ka ʻōpū `(Erectile dysfunction)`.
- Haʻahaʻa ka makemake moe kolohe `(Haʻahaʻa ka makemake moe kolohe)`.
- ʻO nā iwi lahilahi a palupalu paha, i ʻike ʻia ʻo osteoporosis `(Osteoporosis)`.
- Ka paʻakikī i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a i ʻole nā loli i ka hoʻomanaʻo.
I ka manawa hea e pono ai ʻoe e kūkākūkā me ke kauka e pili ana i kāu mau pae Testosterone?
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka testosterone kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha `(Testosterone)` i loko ou iho, ua paipai nui ʻia ʻoe e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka . Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua diagnostic kūpono a kuhikuhi paha iā ʻoe i kahi loea `(loea)`, e like me ka endocrinologist, e kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa nā pane.
He mea nui ka Testosterone no kou olakino holoʻokoʻa a me ke olakino hānau hou. ʻOiai he mea maoli ia no ka loli ʻana o kou pae hormone me ka makahiki, hiki i nā kaulike ʻole mau ke hana i nā hōʻailona ʻoluʻolu ʻole a hoʻopilikia i kou ʻano ola. ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa e kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kaulike.
Nā Manaʻo Koʻikoʻi: Nā Mea Pono ʻOe e Hoʻomanaʻo
E hōʻuluʻulu kākou i nā mea nui e pili ana i ka testosterone e pono e hoʻomanaʻo:
- He hormone koʻikoʻi ka Testosterone `(Testosterone)` no nā kāne a me nā wahine. Eia nō naʻe, aia ia ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe loa i nā kāne a he mea nui ia no nā ʻano kino kāne.
- He steroid kūlohelohe ia `(steroid)` i loko o kou kino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana pono ʻole ʻana i nā steroid anabolic synthetic no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana he mea weliweli ia a he mau pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi hoʻi.
- Hiki i nā pae testosterone kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia olakino. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu kumu me ke kōkua o ke kauka ke kī i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau kūpono.
- Inā kānalua ʻoe he kūlike ʻole kou hormone a i ʻole ke ʻike nei ʻoe i nā hōʻailona ʻē, mai kānalua a hilahila paha e kamaʻilio me kahi loea mālama ola. Aia kāu kauka ma laila e kōkua, a ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i ke alakaʻi lapaʻau ka hana maikaʻi loa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana.
E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka hoʻokau ʻana i kou olakino he hōʻailona ia o ka ikaika. Mai kānalua e hoʻokaʻaʻike aku i kahi loea mālama ola i kēlā me kēia manawa he mau nīnau a hopohopo paha kāu e pili ana i kou kino.
Nā lepili: Testosterone, Hormones, Ola Kino o nā Kāne, Ola Kino o nā Wahine, Puberty, Sex Hormones, Hypogonadism
