Ua ʻike anei ʻoe ua loli ke kala o kou mimi? Malia paha he ʻulaʻula poni... A i ʻole ke manaʻo nei ʻoe e pono ʻoe e mimi pinepine, akā me he mea lā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe? ʻOiai ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻolohe pinepine i kēia mau mea, i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi a ko mākou kino e hāʻawi mai nei iā mākou. ʻO ia kekahi o kēlā mau kumuhana koʻikoʻi, ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā. Mai makaʻu, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka makaʻala i kēia.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi?
He ʻano maʻi kanesa kakaʻikahi ka maʻi ʻōpū. Hoʻomaka ia i loko o nā pūnaewele e hoʻopili ana i loko o ko kākou ʻōpū. E noʻonoʻo i kou ʻōpū e like me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e like me ka ʻeke e hōʻiliʻili a mālama i kāu mimi . Nui nā ala e mālama ai i kēia maʻi kanesa, me ke ʻoki ʻana e wehe i nā pūnaewele kanesa.
Akā ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai, hiki i ke kanesa ʻōpū ke hoʻi hou ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. No laila, he mea nui i ke kanaka me kēia maʻi e hoʻomau i ka launa pū ʻana me kā lākou kauka a hana i nā nānā mau. Inā ʻike mua ʻia kēia, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā mālama ʻia ke kanesa ma mua o ka laha ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā hopena holomua. Eia nō naʻe, inā ua hoʻōla mua ʻia, aia he 75% ka manawa e hoʻi hou ai. No laila, he mea nui loa ke makaʻala.
Pehea ka hopena o kēia maʻi i ko mākou kino?
Aia kou ʻōpū mimi ma waena o kou mau iwi ʻūhā, ma lalo o kou mau puʻupaʻa. Hōʻiliʻili ka mimi i hana ʻia e kou mau puʻupaʻa i loko o kēia ʻōpū mimi. Ua uhi ʻia ma loko me kahi membrane kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo urothelium. Hiki i nā pūnaewele i loko o kēia membrane ke kīkoʻo i ka wā e piha ai ka ʻōpū mimi me ka mimi a ʻūlū hou i ka wā e hakahaka ai. Ua like ia me kahi pōpō laholio. Hiki iā ia ke paʻa ma kahi o 2 kīʻaha o ka mimi.
Loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai kekahi mau pūnaewele i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka mimi (urothelium) i nā mutations a hoʻomaka e māhele like ʻole a me ke kāohi ʻole ʻia. Ulu pū kēia mau pūnaewele ʻano ʻē e hana i nā puʻupuʻu. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki i kēia mau pūnaewele maʻi ʻaʻai ke laha ma waena o nā paia o ka mimi i nā lymph nodes kokoke a mai laila aku i nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe, e like me nā iwi, nā māmā, a i ʻole ke akepaʻa.
He aha nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai mimi?
Aia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai mimi. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau mea e like me ke ʻano o ke keena e hoʻomaka ai ke kanesa. E nānā kākou i nā ʻano nui.
| ʻAno o ke Kanesa | He wehewehe maʻalahi |
|---|---|
| ʻO ka maʻi kanesa cell hoʻololi | ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau (ma kahi o 90%). Hoʻomaka ia ma nā pūnaewele hoʻololi o ka paia o loko o ka ʻōpū mimi. Hiki iā ia ke pālahalaha hohonu i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia he urothelial carcinoma . |
| ʻO ka maʻi kanesa cell squamous | Hoʻomaka ia i loko o nā pūnaewele squamous e hoʻopuni ana i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi. He mea kākaʻikahi iki ia (ma kahi o 5%). ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana i loko o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka mumū ʻōpū mimi lōʻihi a i ʻole nā maʻi . |
| ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai adenocarcinoma | He ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai kēia e ulu ana i loko o nā glands. ʻO kēia ʻano, e hoʻomaka ana i loko o nā glands o ka ʻōpū mimi, he mea kākaʻikahi loa ia (ma kahi o 1%-2%). |
| ʻO ka maʻi kanesa liʻiliʻi | He ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai laha ʻole loa kēia. |
| ʻO ka maʻi sarcoma | He ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai laha ʻole loa e hoʻomaka ana i loko o nā hunaola ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū mimi. |
Eia kekahi, hoʻokaʻawale nā kauka i kēia maʻi kanesa ma kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ma muli o ka hohonu o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa.
- ʻAʻole komo kino: ʻO ke ʻano kēia ua kaupalena ʻia ke kanesa i ka ʻili o ka paia o loko o ka ʻōpū mimi.
- ʻAʻole komo i nā ʻiʻo: Ua komo hohonu iki ke kanesa, akā ʻaʻole i komo i loko o ka papa ʻiʻo.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻiʻo: I kēia hihia, ua komo ke kanesa i loko o ka papa ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū mimi. Ua pālahalaha paha ma ʻō aku o laila. He hihia koʻikoʻi kēia.
ʻO wai ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia i kēia maʻi?
He aha ke kanesa o ka ʻōpū mimi?ʻO ka hā o ka maʻi kanesa maʻamau i waena o nā kāne. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ia ma mua o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Akā, ʻo ka mea kaumaha, i ka wā e loaʻa ai i nā wāhine kēia maʻi, hiki ke koʻikoʻi loa i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole maopopo loa i nā wāhine nā hōʻailona. No ka laʻana, ʻoiai ke koko i loko o ka mimi (hematuria) ka hōʻailona nui o kēia maʻi, manaʻo nā wāhine he pilikia maʻamau ia no nā wāhine (e.g., he pilikia e pili ana i ka menstruation). No laila, ʻaʻole lākou e nānā nui i ia mea.
Hoʻopilikia pinepine kēia maʻi kanesa i ka poʻe ma luna o 55 mau makahiki. ʻO ka awelika o ka makahiki o kahi mea i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ma kahi o 73 mau makahiki.
He aha nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi?
ʻO ka hōʻailona nui a maʻamau o kēia maʻi, ʻo ia ke koko i loko o ka mimi (hematuria). Eia naʻe, mai makaʻu e manaʻo he maʻi kanesa ia no ka mea he koko kou i loko o kou mimi. Hiki ke hana ʻia e nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe (e.g., nā pōhaku mimi, nā maʻi). Eia naʻe, inā ʻike ʻoe i ke koko i loko o kou mimi no kekahi kumu, pono ʻoe e ʻike koke i ke kauka.
E nānā kākou i nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.
| Hōʻailona | Wehewehena |
|---|---|
| Ke koko i loko o ka mimi (Hematuria) | Hiki ke ʻulaʻula/ʻulaʻula ke kala o ka mimi, i ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe. I kekahi manawa, aia paha kahi koko liʻiliʻi e ʻike wale ʻia ma ke ʻano microscopic i ka wā o kahi urinalysis. |
| ʻEha i ka wā e mimi ai (Dysuria) | ʻEha a wela hoʻi i ka wā e mimi ai. Hiki i nā kāne ke ʻeha i loko o ka penis. |
| Pono pinepine e mimi | Pono e mimi ma mua o ka maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā. |
| Paʻakikī ke mimi | Ke kahe ʻana o ka mimi me ka manawa pōkole a lohi paha. |
| Nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi e pane ʻole i ka lāʻau lapaʻau | Inā hoʻomau ka maʻi ʻōpū mimi ma muli o ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, pono ʻoe e kānalua. |
He aha nā kumu a me nā kumu pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi?
ʻAʻole hiki i nā kauka ke ʻōlelo pololei i ke kumu e lilo ai nā hunaola mimi i mau hunaola kanesa. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea pilikia e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o kēia.
- Ka Puhipaka: ʻO kēia ke kumu nui a nui loa o ka pilikia. ʻO ka mea puhi paka, ʻelua ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi kanesa ma mua o ka mea puhi ʻole. ʻO ka puhi paka ʻana i nā cigaka, nā paipu, a me ka hanu ʻana i ka uahi lua e hoʻonui pū i ka pilikia.
- Ka Hōʻike ʻana i ka Radiation: Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka radiation therapy i ka ʻōpū ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi maʻi kanesa ʻē aʻe, he pilikia nō hoʻi kēlā.
- Chemotherapy: Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau chemotherapy ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia.
- Ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i kekahi mau kemika: ʻO ka poʻe e hana me nā kemika, ʻoiai nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kala, ka laholio, ka ʻili, nā pena, kekahi mau lole, a me nā lako hana lauoho, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia.
- Nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi pinepine: ʻO ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i nā maʻi e like me nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi a me nā pōhaku mimi no ka manawa lōʻihi, aia lākou i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka squamous cell carcinoma.
- Ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana o kahi catheter: ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa kahi catheter urinary no ka manawa lōʻihi no kekahi kumu e loaʻa pū kēia pilikia.
Pehea e ʻike ai ke kauka i kēia? (Diagnosis)
Ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka me nā hōʻailona, e hana ʻo ia i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i ka maʻi.
Nā hoʻāʻo ʻanuʻu
1. Ka nānā ʻana i ka mimi: ʻO ka hana mua, ʻo ia ke hoʻāʻo ʻana i kahi hāpana mimi. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā he maʻi a ʻaʻole paha.
2. Cytology: Nānā ʻia nā pūnaewele i loko o ka hāpana mimi ma lalo o kahi microscope e ʻike ai inā he mau pūnaewele kanesa.
3. Cystoscopy: ʻO kēia ka hoʻāʻo nui i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike ai i ka maʻi.Ma kēia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōmole lahilahi e like me ka penikala (cystoscope) me kahi kāmela i hoʻopili ʻia ma o ka urethra e nānā i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia kahi kukui polū kūikawā a me ka dye e ʻike maopopo i nā hunaola kanesa. I kēia manawa, hiki ke lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo (biopsy) mai kahi wahi kānalua a hoʻouna ʻia no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.
Inā hōʻoia kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ke alo o ka maʻi kanesa, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e aʻo hou e pili ana i ke kanesa.
- ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻōpū mimi `(TURBT)`: Hana ʻia kēia no ka ʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea like me ka cystoscope e ʻoki a wehe i ka ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi. Nānā ʻia ka ʻōpū i wehe ʻia e ʻike inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa i nā ʻiʻo.
- Nā scan MRI a me CT: Hiki i kēia ʻano scan ke nānā inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa ma waho o ka ʻōpū mimi i nā ʻōpū a puni.
- ʻO ke kiʻi X-ray o ka umauma a me ke scan iwi: Hana ʻia kēia mau hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa i nā māmā a i ʻole nā iwi.
Hoʻoholo ke kauka i ke kahua o ke kanesa ma muli o ka ʻike i loaʻa mai kēlā me kēia o kēia mau hoʻokolohua.
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?
ʻEhā mau lāʻau lapaʻau nui no ke kanesa ʻōpū. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
1. ʻoki kino
ʻO kēia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ke ʻoki ʻana i hana ʻia ma muli o ke kahua o ke kanesa.
- TURBT: Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana "TURBT" a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma mua ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau inā ʻaʻole i laha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka ʻiʻo. Hoʻopau ʻia ka puʻupuʻu a wehe ʻia a puhi ʻia paha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila ikehu kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO ka cystectomy radical: Inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa ma ʻō aku o ka ʻōpū mimi a inā he mau puʻupuʻu ma loko o ka ʻōpū mimi, e wehe ʻia ka ʻōpū mimi holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻoki ʻana. I nā kāne, hiki ke wehe ʻia ke kelepa prostate, a i nā wahine, hiki ke wehe ʻia ka ʻōpū a me nā ovaries. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpū mimi, hana ʻia kahi hoʻohuli mimi e ʻae i ka mimi e kahe.
2. Kemoterapi
He mau lāʻau lapaʻau kēia e pepehi ai i nā hunaola kanesa. I kekahi manawa, hāʻawi pololei ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi ma o kahi paipu. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he lāʻau lapaʻau intravesical . Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā hunaola olakino.
3. Hoʻōla lāʻau pale
ʻO kēia ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī o kou kino e hoʻouka i nā hunaola kanesa. ʻO kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ka lāʻau pale Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).
4. Hoʻōla Pāhawewe
Pili kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukuna ikehu kiʻekiʻe e luku i nā hunaola kanesa. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe no ke ʻoki kino.
5. Hoʻōla i kuhikuhi ʻia
He ʻano lapaʻau hou kēia. Pili ia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi wale ana i nā loli genetic e hoʻololi i nā cell olakino i nā cell cancer.
Pehea ʻoe e mālama ai iā ʻoe iho?
Hiki ke paʻakikī ke noho me ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi, ʻoiai no ka mea hiki ke hoʻi hou mai. Aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana.
He mea nui loa ka hahai pono ʻana i nā ʻōlelo a ke kauka ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hele ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua hahai i ka manawa kūpono. Mai poina.
- E hahai i kahi papaʻai olakino no ka puʻuwai: E hoʻokomo i ka ʻiʻo momona haʻahaʻa, iʻa, nā huahana waiū, nā nati, a me nā ʻano huaʻai a me nā mea kanu like ʻole i kāu papaʻai.
- E ʻai i nā meaʻai fiber kiʻekiʻe: E kōkua kēia i nā pilikia ʻōpū i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
- Hoʻoikaika Kino: Kōkua ka hoʻoikaika kino māmā i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ke kaumaha.
- E launa pū me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe: Aia kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe e hana nei me kēia ʻano maʻi. ʻO ka haʻi ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻike a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana me lākou hiki ke lilo i kumu nui o ka ikaika noʻonoʻo nou.
Leka Lawe-Home
- Inā ʻike ʻoe i ke koko i loko o kou mimi, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia. Ua like ia me ke kukui ʻulaʻula. E ʻike koke i ke kauka.
- ʻO ka puhipaka ka mea nui loa no ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui ma ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka i kēia lā.
- E like me nā maʻi kanesa āpau, inā ʻike mua ʻia, he kiʻekiʻe loa ka manawa e mālama ʻia a hoʻōla ʻia.
- Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, aia kahi pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana o kēia maʻi. No laila, he mea nui e hana i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau maʻamau (nā hahai ʻana) .
- Inā he mau nīnau kāu, hopohopo, a kānalua paha e pili ana i kēia, e kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea.
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