Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka nui o nā mea ola liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe e noho pū ana me kākou ma kēia ao? ʻO kēia mau mea ola liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaʻi iā kākou i kekahi manawa, akā i kekahi manawa kōkua iā kākou, ʻo ia ka mea a kākou e kapa nei he " germs ." No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau germs, ʻo wai lākou, pehea lākou e hoʻopilikia ai iā kākou, a pehea e pale aku ai iā kākou iho mai iā lākou. E hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi kākou i kēia mau mea, e like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi hoaaloha.
He aha kēia mau huakini? E hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi kākou iā lākou!
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he hui nā germs o nā meaola liʻiliʻi loa e ʻike ʻia e ko mākou mau maka. Kāhea nā kauka iā lākou he "Microorganisms" a i ʻole "Microbes". He liʻiliʻi loa lākou a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike iā lākou, ʻoiai inā he mau tausani o lākou i hui pū ʻia.
E noʻonoʻo wale, aia kēia mau germs ma nā wahi āpau! Hiki iā lākou ke noho i loko o ka ea āu e hanu ai, ka wai āu e inu ai, ka lepo, ka meaʻai āu e ʻai ai, a me nā mea āpau āu e hoʻopā ai. Noho lākou i loko o ko mākou kino a ma luna o ko mākou ʻili. ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha kēlā?
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole nā huakini āpau. He kōkua nui kekahi mau huakini i ko mākou kino. No ka laʻana, kōkua kekahi mau ʻano bacteria i loko o ko mākou ʻōpū iā mākou e hoʻoheheʻe i ka meaʻai. Eia kekahi, kōkua kekahi mau huakini maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i nā huakini maikaʻi ʻole mai ke komo ʻana i ke kino.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau germs e hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi. ʻO ka wā wale nō e komo ai kēia mau germs ʻino i loko o ko mākou kino e maʻi ai mākou. No laila, ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i ka laha ʻana o ia mau germs, ʻo ia ka holoi mau ʻana i kou mau lima a me ka holoi pono ʻana.
He aha nā ʻano nui o nā germs?
ʻEhā ʻano nui o nā germs. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano me nā kikoʻī hou aku.
| ʻAno o ka huakini | Wehewehena | Nā Laʻana / Nā Lapaʻau |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | Nā meaola i hana ʻia me hoʻokahi keena. He mea maikaʻi kekahi a hoʻopuka kekahi i ka lāʻau make. | Nā maʻi ʻāʻī, nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi. Lapaʻau: Nā lāʻau antibiotic. |
| Nā maʻi ʻino | Nā ʻāpana ʻaʻole cellular e pono ai nā cell ola e ola a hoʻohua hou. | Anu, maʻi palū, measle. Lapaʻau: Nā lāʻau antiviral. |
| Nā fungi | Nā meaola like me nā mea kanu he nui nā pūnaewele e ulu pono ana i nā wahi mehana a pulu. | Nā maʻi hū, ka wāwae o ka ʻākena. Lapaʻau: Antifungals. |
| Protozoa | Nā meaola cell-hoʻokahi, like me nā cell holoholona. Hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia e ka wai haumia. | Malaria, toxoplasmosis. Lapaʻau: Antiparasitics. |
I ka manawa hea i ʻike ʻia ai kēia huakini?
Ua hoʻi ka moʻolelo o nā germs i nā haneli mau makahiki. Ma kahi o 1676, ʻo ka ʻepekema Dutch ʻo Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ka mea mua i ʻike i ka bacteria me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi microscope mua. Mai ia manawa, i ka ulu ʻana o ka microbiology, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hou aku.
I ka makahiki 1857, ua hōʻoia ka mea kemika Farani ʻo Louis Pasteur e pala ka meaʻai no ka mea ua haumia me nā microorganisms. Ua alakaʻi kēia i kāna "Germ Theory of Disease ." ʻO kēia ke kumumanaʻo e hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi a me nā maʻi e nā germs i kapa ʻia ʻo "pathogens." Ma mua o kēia ʻike ʻana, ua manaʻoʻiʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "spontaneous generation." ʻO kēia ke kumumanaʻo e hiki i nā mea ola ke hele mai mai nā mea ola ʻole. E noʻonoʻo pehea ka manaʻo o ka poʻe i kēlā manawa!
Pehea ke ʻano maoli o nā germs?
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā germs i ko kākou maka ʻōlohelohe no ka mea he liʻiliʻi loa lākou. Inā ʻoe e nānā iā lākou ma o ka microscope, ua like lākou me nā pōpō liʻiliʻi, nā koʻokoʻo, a i ʻole nā wili. No ka liʻiliʻi loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi 1,000 germs ma ka piko o kahi mea holoi penikala!
Pehea e hele ai kēia mau germs mai kekahi wahi a i kekahi?
Nui nā ala e laha ai nā germs. E nānā kākou i kekahi o lākou:
- Ma ka hoʻopā ʻana a i ʻole ke kokoke ʻana i kahi mea i loaʻa i nā germs. Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me ka ʻapo ʻana, ka honi ʻana, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea a lākou i hoʻohana ai, e like me nā kīʻaha a me nā kīʻaha.
- Ma ka hanu ʻana i ka lewa ma hope o ka mahe ʻana a i ʻole ke kunu ʻana o kekahi me nā huakini.
- Hiki ke laha ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka noho o kekahi mea i loaʻa i nā germs. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hana ʻia ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka diaper o kahi pēpē a me ka hoʻopā ʻana i kou ihu, waha, a i ʻole nā maka me ka holoi pono ʻole ʻana i kou mau lima.
- Ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i nā ʻili a me nā mea i loaʻa nā huakini ma luna o lākou, a laila hoʻopā i kou ihu, waha, a i ʻole nā maka. E noʻonoʻo inā ʻoe e hoʻopā i kahi noho ma luna o kahi kaʻa a laila ʻai me ka lima hoʻokahi?
Hiki i nā germs ke pālahalaha ma kēia mau ʻano:
- Mai ka makuahine a i ke pēpē, i ka wā hāpai a i ka wā hānau keiki paha.
- Mai nā nahu holoholona, nā ʻaki pepeke.
- Mai ka lepo haumia, nā mea kanu, ka meaʻai, a i ʻole ka wai.
He aha ka mea hiki ke pepehi i nā germs?
Hiki i nā mea he nui ke pepehi i nā germs, akā, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi mau mea.
- ʻO ka Hydrogen Peroxide : ʻAe. Hiki iā ia ke pepehi i nā ʻano germs he nui, me nā bacteria a me nā virus, ma nā ʻili ʻaʻole porous.
- ʻAila Hamo : ʻAe. Hiki i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima, me nā mea i loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi he 70% '(Isopropyl Alcohol),' ke pepehi i nā germs.
- Winika: ʻAʻole. ʻAʻole pepehi ka winika i nā bacteria a me nā virus he nui, me ka maʻi flu a me ka coronavirus .
- Wela: ʻAe. Hiki i nā mahana o 60 degere Celsius (140 degere Fahrenheit) a ʻoi aku paha ke pepehi i nā maʻi he nui.
Nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
ʻAe, eia nā mea nui loa āu e hoʻomanaʻo ai mai nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā:
- He mau meaola liʻiliʻi nā germs hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike. Aia lākou ma nā wahi a pau.
- ʻEhā ʻano nui o nā germs: bacteria, virus, fungi , a me protozoa.
- Kōkua kekahi mau germs iā mākou, akā hiki i kekahi ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi.
- ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa a maʻalahi hoʻi e pale ai i ka laha ʻana o nā germs, ʻo ia ka holoi pinepine ʻana i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai.
- E noho ma ka home ke maʻi ʻoe a e pale i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
- Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke holoi i kou mau lima, e hoʻohana i kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima i loaʻa ka waiʻona.
No laila, e hoʻokomo i kēia mau mea maʻalahi i kou ola e noho olakino a kūʻokoʻa mai kēia mau ʻenemi liʻiliʻi. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke pale iā ʻoe iho mai nā maʻi he nui. Ua maopopo iā ʻoe?
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