I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole mākou e nānā nui i kekahi mau loli i loko o ko mākou kino, no ka laʻana, ka piʻi koke ʻana o ke kaumaha, ka nui o ka lauoho o ke kino, a i ʻole ka luhi nui, ʻeā? Akā, hiki i kēia mau mea ke lilo i mau hōʻailona o kahi pilikia me ʻelua mau kelepa liʻiliʻi i loko o ko mākou kino, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kelepa adrenal. ʻOiai he kumuhana koʻikoʻi kēia, mai makaʻu. ʻO ka ʻike ka mea nui loa. I kēia lā, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi maʻi kanesa e pili ana i kēia mau kelepa adrenal.
He aha ke kanesa adrenal?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, no loko kēia o kahi hui o nā maʻi kanesa e hiki ke ulu i loko o nā glands e hana ana i nā hormones i loko o ko kākou kino. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mau neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Ulu ka maʻi kanesa adrenal i loko o ko kākou mau glands adrenal. E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano, aia ʻelua mau glands liʻiliʻi ma luna o ko kākou mau puʻupaʻa, e like me ʻelua mau pāpale. ʻO kēia ka mea a kākou e kapa nei he mau glands adrenal. Hiki i ke kanesa ke ulu i loko o kekahi a i ʻole ʻelua o kēia mau glands.
Hoʻopuka kēia mau kelepa i nā hormones , a i ʻole nā kemika, e kaohi ana i nā mea nui he nui i loko o ko mākou kino. No ka laʻana, ʻo ko mākou koko, ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho, ka makemake i ka moekolohe, a me ke ʻano o kā mākou hana ʻana me ke kaumaha e hilinaʻi ʻia ana i kēia mau hormones. Hoʻomaka kekahi mau puʻupuʻu kelepa adrenal e hana i kā lākou mau hormones ponoʻī.
Hiki i kēia puʻupuʻu ke hoʻomaka ma ka papa waho o ka ʻōpū, kahi a nā kauka e kapa nei he "cortex". A i ʻole, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaka ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka ʻōpū, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "medulla".
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hiki ke nui loa ka puʻupuʻu i ka manawa e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona. Akā, mai hopohopo, he nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa e hakakā ai i kēia maʻi kanesa. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ke kamaʻilio ākea e pili ana i ia mea me kāu kauka a e kamaʻilio me kou ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha e pili ana i ia mea a loaʻa kā lākou kākoʻo. E lilo lākou i kumu ikaika nui i kāu huakaʻi olakino.
He aha nā hōʻailona o kēia maʻi?
Ke liʻiliʻi ka puʻupuʻu, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona. Akā i kona ulu ʻana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ma lalo nei ma muli o nā loli i nā pae hormone like ʻole. E nānā kākou i kēia mau mea.
| Ke kumu o nā hōʻailona | Nā hōʻailona hiki ke loaʻa |
|---|---|
| Nā hōʻailona i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka puʻupuʻu ponoʻī | - Ke manaʻo nei i ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka puʻupuʻu i loko o ka ʻōpū - Manaʻo piha ʻoiai ma hope o ka ʻai iki ʻana |
| Hoʻonui ʻia o nā hormones androgen (Nā hormones kāne) | - Ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho i makemake ʻole ʻia ma ka maka a i ʻole ke kino - Ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka penis i nā keikikāne ʻōpio a i ʻole ka clitoris i nā kaikamahine ʻōpio |
| Ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hormone estrogen (Nā hormones wahine) | - Ka wā mua o ka menstruation a i ʻole ka ulu ʻana o ka umauma i nā kaikamahine - Ka menstruation kūpono ʻole a i ʻole ka hohonu o ka leo i nā wahine - Ke kahe koko ʻana o ka wahine ma hope o ka menopause - Ka ulu ʻana o ka umauma i nā kāne, ka impotence a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka makemake moekolohe |
| Hoʻonui ʻia ka hormone cortisol | - Piʻi ke kaumaha o ke kino - Puʻupuʻu ke nānā aku o ka maka - Ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho lahilahi ma ka maka, ke kino o luna, a i ʻole nā lima - Nā māka kikoo ma ka ʻili - Nāwaliwali o ka iwi a me nā ʻiʻo - ʻO ka palapū o ka ʻili ʻoiai mai kahi ʻeha liʻiliʻi - Nā loli pinepine o ka naʻau, ke kaumaha - Ke koko kiʻekiʻe a me nā pae kō koko kiʻekiʻe |
| Hoʻonui ʻia ka hormone Aldosterone | - Nāwaliwali o ke kino, nā ʻehaʻeha o nā ʻiʻo - Ke koko kiʻekiʻe - Ua emi nā pae potassium koko - Makewai nui - Mimi pinepine |
He aha nā kumu a me nā mea pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai adrenal?
ʻAʻohe kumu maopopo e loaʻa ai i kekahi poʻe kēia mau puʻupuʻu. Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau kūlana genetic, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi kanesa.
- ʻO ka maʻi Li-Fraumeni
- ʻO ka maʻi Beckwith-Wiedemann
- ʻO ka hale paʻakikī ʻo Carney
- Nā neoplasia endocrine lehulehu
- ʻO ka polyposis adenomatous ʻohana
- ʻO ka maʻi Lynch
He mau maʻi hoʻoilina laha ʻole kēia. Inā ʻaʻole i haʻi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe he loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau mea, mai hopohopo nui ʻoe no ia mea.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai adrenal?
ʻAe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā puʻupuʻu kelepa adrenal i ʻelua mau māhele nui: malignant a benign. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea ma muli o ko lākou hoʻomaka ʻana.
Nā puʻupuʻu ʻino
- ʻO ka maʻi kanesa Adrenocortical: Hoʻomaka kēia ma ka papa waho (cortex) o ka gland. Hoʻopuka kēia ʻano puʻupuʻu i ka nui o nā hormones.
- ʻO ka pheochromocytoma adrenal ʻino: He maʻi ʻaʻai laha loa kēia e hoʻomaka ana ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka gland (medulla).
- Neuroblastoma: Hoʻomaka kēia ma ka midbrain a ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā keiki.
- ʻO ka paraganglioma ʻino: Hiki i kēia ke ulu i loko a i waho paha o ka gland adrenal.
Nā puʻupuʻu ʻaʻole maʻi kanesa (benign)
- Adenoma: Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hana i ka cortisol keu i kekahi manawa, kahi kūlana a mākou e kapa nei ʻo "Cushing's syndrome."
- ʻO ka pheochromocytoma maikaʻi
- ʻO ka paraganglioma maikaʻi
Pehea e ʻike ai i kēia maʻi? (Diagnosis)
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona a inā he mau kumu pilikia kou no kēia maʻi ʻaʻai, e kauoha kāu kauka i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia inā he puʻupuʻu. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻokolohua ke hoʻoholo i ke kahua o ke kanesa a inā ua laha aku i nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe.
- Hoʻokolokolo kino a me ka mōʻaukala olakino: E nīnau ke kauka e pili ana i kāu mau ʻano olakino a me nā kūlana olakino i hala.
- Nā hoʻāʻo koko a me ka mimi: Nānā kēia mau mea inā nui loa ka hana ʻana o kou kino i nā hormones wahine a i ʻole nā steroids. No ka laʻana, nānā lākou no nā pae potassium haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā pae cortisol kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole estrogen.
- Nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi: Hoʻohana ʻia nā scan e ʻimi i nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā pūnaewele kanesa. Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me nā X-ray, ultrasound, CT scans, MRI scans, a me PET scans.
- Laparoscopy: Ma kēia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōmole lahilahi loa me kahi kāmela liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kino e nānā i kahi e ulu ana ke kanesa.
- Biopsy: Lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nila a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope e hoʻoholo ai inā loaʻa nā hunaola kanesa.
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau?
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kou kūlana a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa, e ʻōlelo aku kāu kauka i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono loa iā ʻoe.
- ʻO ke ʻoki kino:ʻO kēia wale nō paha ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ai ke hāʻawi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau piha. Hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻoholo e wehe i kekahi a i ʻole nā ʻelua o kāu mau kelepa adrenal. Inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa, pono paha e wehe ʻia nā lymph node kokoke.
- Lapaʻau radiation: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa a i ʻole e hoʻōki i ka ulu ʻana o kahi puʻupuʻu. I kekahi manawa hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau: ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau i kuhikuhi ʻia he lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo `mitotane (Lysodren).` Ke ālai nei ia i ka hana ʻana o nā hormones e nā kelepa adrenal a luku i nā hunaola kanesa.
- Kemoterapi: Pili kēia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hele a puni ke kino a pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia mau mea ke hōʻino i nā hunaola olakino.
- Lapaʻau i hoʻolālā ʻia: Hoʻolālā kēia mau lāʻau a luku wale i nā hunaola kanesa, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā hunaola olakino.
- ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu: He ʻano hana kēia no ka luku ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela nui a i ʻole ke anu nui no ka poʻe maʻi loa e hana i ke ʻoki kino a i ʻole i ka wā i pālahalaha ai ke kanesa.
ʻO kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau āu e koho ai, e mālama i kou kino a me kou noʻonoʻo. E nīnau i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hui kākoʻo kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hele nei i ka mea like me ʻoe.
He aha ka nānā ʻana no ka maʻi?
ʻO kou olakino i ka wā e hiki mai ana e pili ana i kekahi mau kumu, me kou mau makahiki, ka nui o ka puʻupuʻu i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai, a inā paha e hana ka puʻupuʻu i nā hormones.
Wahi a nā helu helu, ma kahi o 73 mai loko mai o 100 mau kānaka i mālama ʻia ma mua o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa ma waho o nā kelepa adrenal e ola no 5 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha. Inā ua pālahalaha ia i nā ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā ʻōpū kokoke, e hāʻule ana kēlā helu i kahi o 53% mai loko mai o 100. Inā ua pālahalaha ia i nā wahi mamao o ke kino, e hāʻule ana kēlā helu i kahi o 38% mai loko mai o 100.
E hoʻomanaʻo, he mau helu wale nō kēia. He ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia maʻi. No laila, mai hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia e kēia mau helu. He mea nui e hoʻokokoke pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Leka Lawe-Home
- E makaʻala i nā loli ʻē aʻe i kou kino, ʻoiai ke kaumaha koke, ka ulu nui ʻana o ka lauoho, a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe.
- He maʻi laha ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai adrenal akā he maʻi koʻikoʻi, no laila mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā hōʻailona.
- He ʻanuʻu nui ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka holomua o ka mālama ʻana. Inā he kānalua kou, e ʻike koke i kāu kauka.
- Aia kekahi mau koho lapaʻau, a na kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa iā ʻoe.
- ʻAʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi i kēia huakaʻi. He mea nui loa ia e ʻimi i ke kākoʻo naʻau mai ka ʻohana, nā hoaaloha, a me nā hui kākoʻo.
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