No ke aha i hana ʻole ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kekahi manawa? (Antimicrobial Resistance) E aʻo maʻalahi kākou e pili ana i ia mea!

Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa, "Auē, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole e hoʻopau ka lāʻau i ka maʻi?" A i ʻole ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hihia kahi āu i hoʻomau ai i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau a kāu kauka i kuhikuhi ai, akā ʻaʻole i nalowale kou maʻi? Malia paha he ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kumu o kēia ma mua o kou manaʻo. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kekahi kumuhana koʻikoʻi loa. ʻO ia ke kūlana i ʻike ʻia ʻo Antimicrobial Resistance .

He aha ke Kū'ē Antimicrobial?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ke kūʻē ʻana i ka antibiotic ka hiki ʻole o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana kūʻē i kahi microbe . He mau mea ola liʻiliʻi loa kēia mau microorganism, ʻike ʻole ʻia. Kapa pinepine mākou iā lākou he "germs." ʻO kēia nā bacteria, fungi, virus, a me nā parasites . Hoʻokumu kēia mau germs i nā maʻi like ʻole. No laila, i ka wā e ulu ai kēia kūʻē ʻana i ka antibiotic, lilo ia i mea paʻakikī loa i nā kauka ke ho'ōla i kekahi mau maʻi.

E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano. Ke hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kahi germ i ka lāʻau like, lilo ia i "kūʻē" iā ia. E like me mākou, loaʻa iā lākou nā ala e pale aku ai iā lākou iho. Hoʻololi lākou i ko lākou kino, e hiki ai iā lākou ke pakele i nā lāʻau i hoʻohana mua ʻia e pepehi iā lākou a i ʻole e pale aku iā lākou mai ka hoʻonui ʻana. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he "kūʻē." Aia nā germs i kūʻē ʻaʻole i hoʻokahi lāʻau wale nō, akā i nā lāʻau he nui. Kāhea mākou iā lākou he "superbugs."

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo kēia kūʻē ʻana i ka antibiotic e kū mai ana i loko o nā germs, ʻaʻole i loko o kou kino. ʻAʻole kou kino e kūʻē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, akā, ʻo nā germs e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi e kūʻē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

He aha kēia mau lāʻau antimicrobial?

He mau lāʻau lapaʻau nā antibiotic e hakakā ana i nā maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi. Aia kekahi mau ʻano nui o lākou:

• Nā lāʻau antibiotic: Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea no nā maʻi bacteria.
• Nā lāʻau antifungal: Nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia no nā maʻi fungal.
• Nā lāʻau pale ʻino: Nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia no nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā parasites (e.g., nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia no ka malaria).
• Nā lāʻau antiviral: Nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia no nā maʻi viral (e.g., no nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi palū).

Hana kēia mau lāʻau antibiotic ma nā ʻano like ʻole e pepehi i nā germs a i ʻole e kāohi iā lākou mai ka laha ʻana. I kekahi manawa hele lākou i loko o nā pūnaewele o ka germ a hoʻouka i nā ʻāpana e kōkua ana i ka germ e hoʻomaʻi iā ʻoe, a i ʻole hoʻouka lākou i nā ʻāpana e kōkua ana i ka germ e hana i nā kope hou aʻe o ia iho.

E noʻonoʻo i kēia laʻana. Aia ʻoe i loko o ka lumi kuke e kuke ana. Makemake au e hoʻōki iā ʻoe. A laila hiki iaʻu ke komo i loko o kāu lumi kuke a luku i kahi mea āu e hoʻohana nei e kuke i ka meaʻai, a i ʻole e hoʻōki iā ʻoe mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kapuahi.

No laila, i ka manawa e kū ai lākou i ke kū'ē i nā germs, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea e like me:

• Hiki iaʻu ke pale aku (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka lāʻau lapaʻau) mai ke komo ʻana i loko o ka lumi kuke (ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kelepona germ).
• Hiki iā ʻoe ke kipaku iaʻu i waho o ka lumi kuke.
• Hiki iaʻu ke luku i nā mea kaua (nā mea hana i loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau) aʻu e hoʻohana ai e hoʻōki i kā lākou māla.
• Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻololi i nā mea aʻu e kuhikuhi nei (nā ʻāpana o ka germ) i ʻole e hana kaʻu mau mea kaua (potions). No ka laʻana, hoʻololi iki lākou i nā mea hoʻohui a lākou e hoʻohana ai, a hoʻololi paha lākou i ke kapuahi i ʻole hiki iaʻu ke ālai iā ia.
• Hoʻololi lākou i ke ʻano o kā lākou hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai, malia paha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā meaʻai like ʻole a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i kahi kīʻaha me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ke kapuahi.

Pehea e hana ai kēia ʻano kū'ē i ka antibiotic?

Aia kekahi mau kumu nui e hana ʻole ai kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ke kū'ē ʻana i nā antibiotic:

• Hoʻōki ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke komo ʻana o ka germ i loko o ke keena, e like me ka pani ʻana o ka puka.
• Hoʻihoʻi ʻia i waho ka lāʻau lapaʻau i komo i loko o ka germ.
• Hoʻololi paha ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole e luku paha.
• Hoʻololi lākou i kahi ʻāpana o ka germ ponoʻī, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke kuhikuhi iā ia.
• Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ala e ola ai a hoʻohua paha ma ke ʻano hou i pili ʻole i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

He aha nā ʻano o ke kū'ē ʻana i ka antibiotic?

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana i nā antibiotic i ʻelua ʻano nui: ke kūʻē kūloko a me ke kūʻē kūwaho/loaʻa . Ke kamaʻilio pinepine mākou e pili ana i ke "kūʻē lāʻau," ke kuhikuhi nei mākou i kēia kūʻē i loaʻa.

• Ke kū'ē kūloko: ʻO ke ʻano kēia he hiki i kekahi mau germs ke kū'ē i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. He ʻano kūlohelohe ia o kēlā germ. No ka laʻana, he paia cell ikaika loa ko kekahi ʻano bacteria ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi mau antibiotic ke komo.
• Ke kū'ē i loaʻa (kū'ē Extrinsic): ʻO kēia ka manawa e hoʻololi ai kahi bacteria iā ia iho ma hope a lilo i kū'ē i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hana mua. Ke hoʻopilikia ka bacteria, hoʻoili ʻia kēia mau loli i kāna mau keiki. Eia kekahi, hiki i kekahi bacteria ke hoʻoili i kēia mau loli i nā bacteria ʻē aʻe e kokoke ana iā lākou. Ua kapa ʻia kēia (hoʻoili gene horizontal) .

ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke kū'ē ʻana i ka antibiotic

Eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke kū'ē'ē antibiotic:

• ʻO nā bacteria i kū i nā antibiotics: ʻO nā laʻana e like me nā bacteria e like me (MRSA - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), (CREs - Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales), a me (Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
• Nā fungi kūpaʻa i nā antifungals: ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū me (Candida auris) a me (Aspergillus fumigatus).
• ʻO nā maʻi i kū i nā lāʻau antiviral: ʻO nā laʻana e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV, ka maʻi influenza, a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka maʻi Hepatitis C.
• ʻO nā parasites i kū i nā lāʻau antiparasitic: No ka laʻana, kekahi mau ʻano parasites e hoʻoulu ai i ka malaria, leishmaniasis, a me ka trypanosomiasis.

Akā e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia. ʻOiai he maʻi kou ma kēia papa inoa, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo he maʻi ia e kūʻē i ka lāʻau. Aia nā ʻano o kēia mau germs i kūʻē i nā lāʻau, a aia nā ʻano maʻamau ʻaʻole.

He aha ke kumu nui o ke kū'ē ʻana i ka antibiotic?

Hoʻomohala nā germs i ke kū'ē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole no hoʻokahi kumu, akā no nā kumu he nui. I kekahi manawa, loli maoli lākou, e ʻae ana iā lākou e noho pū me nā meaola ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa, hoʻomohala lākou i nā ʻano pale e pale aku iā lākou iho mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ke pālahalaha nā germs, ʻo kēia mau loli e kōkua iā lākou e kū'ē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoili ʻia i kā lākou hanauna e hiki mai ana.

I ka manawa pinepine, ulu nui kēia kū'ē ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā haukapila a me nā hale mālama ola. No ka mea, he nui nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ia mau wahi, lilo ka bacteria i kū'ē i kēlā mau lāʻau. He mea paʻakikī loa kēia e pale aku.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibiotics i ka mahiʻai (e like me ke kāpī ʻana i nā fungicides ma nā mea kanu, ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā antibiotics i nā holoholona) kekahi kumu nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia kūʻē.

Pehea mākou e pale aku ai i kēia kū'ē'ē antibiotic?

Aia kekahi mau alakaʻi kikoʻī e pono ai nā mea lawelawe olakino, me nā kauka a me nā kahu maʻi, e hahai i mea e pale aku ai i kēia kū'ē ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic. ʻO kekahi o lākou:

• E holoi mau i kou mau lima me ka maikaʻi.
• Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe nei i nā ʻili.
• ʻO ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā antibiotics no nā maʻi bacteria wale nō ( ʻaʻole pono nā antibiotics no nā maʻi viral, no ka laʻana, ke anu maʻamau).
• Ka sterilization kūpono o nā lako lapaʻau.
• Ke nānā ʻana i nā mea maʻi a me nā malihini kipa i ka haukapila inā he kānalua no ka laha ʻana o kahi germ pale.
• Ke kaʻawale ʻana/hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā poʻe me nā maʻi kūʻē i ka maʻi e pale aku ai iā lākou mai ka laha ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻOiai e hana ana nā kauka a me nā limahana o ka haukapila i kēia mau mea, nui nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e kōkua ai i kēia.

Nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana:

• E lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau i kauoha ʻia e kāu kauka, e like me ke kauoha, a i ka manawa kūpono.
• ʻOi loa aku i ka wā e lawe ana i nā antibiotics , e hōʻoia e hoʻopau i ka papa hana holoʻokoʻa i kauoha ʻia e ke kauka.ʻOiai inā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu ma hope o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lā, mai hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau. Inā ʻoe e hana pēlā, hiki i nā germs i make ʻole ke lilo i mea ikaika hou a hoʻomohala i ke kūʻē i ka lāʻau.
• Mai lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic ke ʻole ʻoe e pono maoli iā lākou. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi hanu, e like me ke anu a me ka maʻi flū, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus. ʻAʻole ho'ōla nā lāʻau antibiotic iā lākou. No laila, mai koi i kāu kauka e kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau antibiotic .
• Mai hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a haʻi. ʻAʻole paha e pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hoaaloha iā ʻoe.
• E holoi pono i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai i nā manawa a pau. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea maʻalahi loa e hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi he nui.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻāʻo ai no ke kū'ē ʻana i ka antibiotic?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi i pane ʻole i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, manaʻo paha kāu kauka he maʻi kūʻē kou. A laila e hoʻāʻo paha lākou i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole e kūʻē i ka germ e hoʻoulu nei i ka maʻi. (Hana ʻia kēia ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi laʻana o kou koko a i ʻole kekahi wai kino ʻē aʻe.) Hiki i kēia ke kōkua iā lākou e loaʻa kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e hana no kāu maʻi. Akā hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke lōʻihi i kekahi manawa.

Pehea ʻoe e mālama ai i kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi germ kū'ē i ka antibiotic?

He mea weliweli loa nā bacteria kū'ē i ka antibiotic no ka mea he paʻakikī loa lākou e mālama. Hoʻāʻo nā kauka e ʻimi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e hana kūʻē i nā bacteria kikoʻī i hoʻokumu i ka maʻi. I kekahi manawa pono paha ʻoe e lawe i ka hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau . No ka laʻana, e lawe pū i nā ʻano antibiotic like ʻole.

ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi kū'ē i ka antibiotic?

Aia paha ʻoe i ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi maʻi kūʻē inā ʻoe:

• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi catheter, kahi ʻōmole hanu, a i ʻole kahi ʻōmole hānai i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kou kino, hiki i nā germs ke komo maʻalahi i kou kino ma o kēia mau mea.
• Inā ua lōʻihi kou lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic , a inā hoʻohana pinepine ʻoe iā lākou . ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic e hoʻonui i ka manawa e kūʻē ai nā bacteria. Hiki i kēia ke pepehi i nā bacteria "maikaʻi" (ʻaʻole ʻino) i loko o kou kino, e ʻae ana i nā germs ʻē aʻe e ulu aʻe ma waho o ke kaohi a hoʻoulu i nā maʻi.
• Inā he nāwaliwali kou ʻōnaehana pale ma muli o kahi maʻi olakino. No ka laʻana, inā he maʻi HIV kou, nā maʻi ʻaʻai koko, a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, a inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻoili kino a i ʻole kahi hoʻoili cell stem. Ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kou kino ke kūʻē i nā maʻi.
• Inā ʻoe e noho ana ma ka haukapila no ka manawa lōʻihi a i ʻole ma kahi keʻena mālama lōʻihi.Hiki i nā germs ke hoʻomohala maʻalahi i ke kū'ē i nā wahi mālama ola.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, pono wau e ʻōlelo ...

Ke hana ikaika nei nā kauka a me nā kānaka ʻepekema e ʻimi i nā hopena i ka pilikia o ke kū'ē ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic. Akā hiki iā kākou āpau ke hana i kā kākou ʻāpana. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kuhikuhi a kāu kauka, a i ka wā e pono maoli ai ʻoe iā lākou, ʻoiai hoʻi nā antibiotics . Inā ʻoe e mālama ana i kahi kanaka me ka ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, a i ʻole kekahi ma ka haukapila a i ʻole kahi mālama lōʻihi, e makaʻala loa. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻoiai nā mea liʻiliʻi e like me ka holoi ʻana i kou mau lima hiki ke hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui. E hana pū kākou a pau e hakakā i kēia pilikia.

ʻO ke kū'ē ʻana i ka antibiotic, Antimicrobial Resistance, germs, bacteria, viruses, fungi, lāʻau lapaʻau, nā maʻi, superbugs