He aha ka Make ʻana o ke Kelepona? E kamaʻilio maʻalahi kākou e pili ana i ia mea!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka mea e hana ʻia ana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou kino? I kekahi manawa, e like me kākou, 'make' kēia mau ʻāpana ke pau ko lākou manawa. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he 'make ʻana o nā ʻāpana' i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻOiai he mea hopohopo iki kēia ke lohe ʻia, he mea nui ia no ke ola olakino o ko kākou kino i nā manawa he nui. No laila, i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia make ʻana o nā ʻāpana, pehea e hana ʻia ai, a pehea e pili ai i ko kākou kino.

He aha nā pūnaewele? E hoʻomaopopo mua kākou i kēlā!

ʻAe, ma mua o ko kākou kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka 'make ʻana o ke kelepona', e nānā kākou i ke ʻano o kēia mau 'kelepona' . E noʻonoʻo he hale nui ko kākou kino, a ua like nā kelepona me nā piliki liʻiliʻi loa e hana ana i kēlā hale. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo, aia ma mua o 30 trillion mau kelepona i loko o ko kākou kino! Hoʻohui pū kēia mau kelepona a pau e hana i ko kākou mau ʻiʻo a me nā ʻōpū. Ma ke ʻano laulā, aia ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui o kahi kelepona:

• ʻIli kelepona: Ua like kēia me ka pā pale, a i ʻole ka puka pā, o ke kelepona. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻoholo a kāohi i ka mea hiki ke komo a puka i waho o ke kelepona.
• Cytoplasm: ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana wai e like me ka jelly i loko o ke kelepona. Hana ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā protein e pono ai ke kelepona a me nā kaʻina hana kemika koʻikoʻi he nui e hana ʻia ana i loko o ke kelepona ma kēia cytoplasm.
• Nucleus: ʻO kēia ke 'kikowaena hoʻomalu' a i ʻole 'lolo' o ke kelepona. ʻO kā mākou ʻike genetic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo DNA (`DNA` - Deoxyribonucleic acid), aia ma loko o kēia nucleus. Hana pū ka nucleus i ka RNA (`RNA` - Ribonucleic acid) . Kope kēia `RNA` i ka ʻike ma loko o `DNA` a kōkua i nā kelepona e hana i nā protein like ʻole e pono ai lākou e hana a ulu.

I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi manaʻo maʻamau o ke ʻano o kahi kelepona.

No laila, he aha kēia make ʻana o nā cell?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka make ʻana o nā cell ke pau ka hana a make nā cell i loko o ko kākou kino ke pau kā lākou hana a i ʻole ua hōʻino ʻia no kekahi kumu. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu wale ʻia nā cell i loko o ko kākou kino. Ke māhele mau nei lākou a hana i nā cell hou. Kāhea mākou i kēia 'mahele cell' (`Mitosis`) . Wahi a nā loea, hiki i kahi cell kanaka olakino ke māhele ma kēia ʻano ma kahi o 50-60 mau manawa. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻelemakule ke cell a make.

Ke hana mau nei ko kākou kino i nā ʻāpana hou e pani i nā ʻāpana kahiko, i hōʻino ʻia, a e make ana. Ua like ia me ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā mea kahiko a me ka lawe ʻana mai i nā mea hou.

Kōkua kēia make kūlohelohe o nā cell i ka mālama ʻana i ko mākou kino i ke olakino a me ka hana pono ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, kū mai nā pilikia ke hiki ʻole kēia make ʻana o nā cell e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, a i ʻole ke hoʻomaka ka make ʻana o nā cell i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e make.

No ke aha e make ai ko kākou mau pūnaewele? He aha nā kumu?

Aia nā kumu like ʻole e make ai nā ʻele. He kūlohelohe kekahi, ʻaʻole kekahi. E nānā kākou i nā kumu nui:

• Make kekahi mau pūnaewele i ko lākou ulu ʻana , ma mua o ko lākou hoʻokumu piha ʻia ʻana.
• Ke hiki aku nā ʻāpana kahiko i ka makahiki kahi e hiki ʻole ai iā lākou ke māhele hou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke pau ko lākou ola, make lākou. He hana maʻamau kēia.
• Inā he mau ʻāpana i hōʻino ʻia ma kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, make maoli lākou. ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia i loko o ke kino e like me ka ʻōpala.
• Hiki i nā maʻi, nā ʻeha, nā mea ʻawahia, a me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻino i nā cell a make lākou.

ʻO wai ka mea i pilikia i ka make ʻana o nā cell?

ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻopilikia ka make ʻana o nā cell iā kākou āpau - a he mea maikaʻi pinepine ia. He mea kupaianaha, hoʻokahe kou ʻili i kahi 40,000 mau cell make i ka lā! ʻO ka papa luna o ko kākou ʻili, i kapa ʻia ʻo epidermis , ke hana mau nei i nā cell ʻili hou e pani i kēia mau cell make. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, inā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia kēia make ʻana o nā cell, ʻaʻole e loaʻa iā kākou ka ʻili olakino.

He aha nā ʻano nui o ka make ʻana o nā cell?

Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka make ʻana o nā cell, hiki ke puʻunaue ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻano nui:

1. Apoptosis - Make ʻana o nā cell i hoʻolālā ʻia

2. Autophagy - hana hou ʻana o nā kelepona a me ka make

3. Necrosis - Make ʻana o nā cell i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ulia pōpilikia

E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano me nā kikoʻī hou aku.

1. Apoptosis a i ʻole ka make ʻana o nā cell i hoʻolālā ʻia

He make kūlohelohe a hoʻolālā ʻia ka Apoptosis . Ma kēia kaʻina hana, luku nā cell iā lākou iho. Ma hope o ka māhele ʻana o kahi cell i ka nui o nā manawa, ke hiki i kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke māhele hou, make ia ma o kēia kaʻina hana (Apoptosis). He olakino loa kēia make cell i hoʻolālā ʻia a manaʻo ʻia no ko mākou kino.

E noʻonoʻo i kēia laʻana. Ke hoʻokumu mua ʻia nā manamana lima o kahi pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, ua pili lākou kekahi i kekahi e kahi papa ʻili lahilahi ma waena o lākou. E like me ka ʻili ma waena o nā manamana wāwae o ka ʻiole. Akā i ka ulu ʻana o ke pēpē, ʻo kēia kaʻina hana o ka "Apoptosis" ke kumu o ka make ʻana o nā pūnaewele pono ʻole ma waena o kēlā mau manamana lima i ke ʻano maʻamau. ʻO ia ka manawa e kaʻawale maikaʻi ai nā manamana lima a hana i ʻelima mau manamana lima kaʻawale. E noʻonoʻo, pehea inā ʻaʻole i hana pono ʻia kēia "Apoptosis"? A laila hiki i ka ʻili ma waena o kēlā mau manamana lima ke noho e like me ia. Kāhea mākou i kēlā kūlana he "Syndactyly" . Eia kekahi, i kekahi manawa he mea nui i kēia mau pūnaewele ke make.

ʻO ka `(Apoptosis)` kahi hana e hana mau ʻia. ʻO kēia ka mea e wehe ai i nā ʻāpana kahiko a hōʻino ʻia mai ko mākou kino, e hana ana i ke ala no nā ʻāpana ʻōpio a olakino e pani iā ​​lākou. Eia nō naʻe, inā no kekahi kumu ʻaʻole e hana pono ʻia kēia make ʻana o nā ʻāpana i hoʻolālā ʻia, hoʻomaka kēlā mau ʻāpana kahiko a hōʻino ʻia e māhelehele me ka ʻole o ka mana. He kumu nui kēia no ka ulu ʻana o nā puʻupuʻu a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai.

Eia kekahi, i kekahi manawa ma muli o nā hewa i ka papahana kelepona, hiki i nā kelepona i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e make ke make ma o kēia kaʻina hana o ka "Apoptosis". No ka laʻana, i nā poʻe me nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi Parkinson, ka maʻi Huntington , a i ʻole ka maʻi Alzheimer, make nui nā kelepona nerve (" Neurons") i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve. Hiki i kēia make kelepona mua ke hoʻopilikia i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka neʻe ʻana.

2. Autophagy a i ʻole hana hou ʻana o ke kelepona

ʻO Autophagy kekahi ʻano o ka make ʻana o nā cell i hoʻolālā ʻia. Akā he mea kūikawā kēia. Hana pinepine ia i ka wā e pilikia ai ke kino, ʻūlū, a nele paha i ka meaʻai. Ua like ia me kahi "ʻōnaehana hana hou" e hana ʻia ma ka pae cellular i loko o ko kākou kino.

I ke kaʻina hana o ka "Autophagy" (ʻo ia hoʻi ka "ʻai ponoʻī"), "ʻai" kahi cell i kāna mau protein kahiko i hōʻino ʻia, a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana makemake ʻole ʻia o ka cytoplasm. A laila hana hou ia i nā ʻāpana i haki a kākoʻo i nā hana koʻikoʻi o ke kelepona. Ua like ia me ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā mea kahiko i loko o kou hale a lawe i nā ʻāpana hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia a kūkulu i kahi mea hou.

He mea pono loa kēia kaʻina hana o ka "Autophagy" i kekahi manawa.

• Kōkua kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale kino i ka luku ʻana i nā mea e like me nā virus a me nā bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi.
• Hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāpana olakino mai ka lilo ʻana i mau ʻāpana maʻi kanesa.
• Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai .

Akā, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi kanesa, hiki i kēia kaʻina hana o ka "(Autophagy)" ke lilo i mea hōʻino. No ka mea, hāʻawi kēia kaʻina hana hana hou i nā cell kanesa me nā meaʻai keu, kahi e hoʻolalelale ai i ko lākou ulu ʻana. ʻAʻole wale kēlā, akā hiki i kēia mau cell hana hou ke hoʻopilikia i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā cell kanesa e nā lāʻau lapaʻau kanesa.

Hoʻāʻo kekahi poʻe e hoʻoulu i kēia kaʻina hana o ka "Autophagy" ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā calorie a i ʻole ka hoʻokē ʻai ʻana, a pēlā e hana ai i nā ʻōpū ʻōpio a olakino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa nā hōʻike ʻepekema e ʻōlelo ai he pono ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka "Autophagy" ma kēia ʻano. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā kapu ʻai paʻa ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino i kekahi manawa.

3. Necrosis a i ʻole ka make koke ʻana o nā cell

ʻAʻole ʻo Necrosis kahi hana i hoʻolālā ʻia e like me Apoptosis a i ʻole Autophagy. He make ʻana o nā cell i ulia pōpilikia a i ʻole i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka hopena kēia i ka make ʻana o nā ʻiʻo.Hana ʻia ia. E noʻonoʻo ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha nui i kou lima a i ʻole kou wāwae. I kēlā manawa, ua hōʻino ʻia nā ʻāpana i ʻeha, a ua liki ko lākou mau mea i waho, hiki ke hōʻino i nā ʻāpana olakino a puni lākou. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka pehu ʻana, ka ʻulaʻula, ka ʻeha, a me nā pōʻino ʻē aʻe a me ka make ʻana o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoiai hiki i nā kauka ke wehe i kēia ʻiʻo make, ʻo ka make ʻana o nā ʻiʻo i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka "necrosis" he "hiki ʻole ke hoʻi hou ʻia".

Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ʻano, ʻo "Necrosis," ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke koko a me ka oxygen i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke kino. Hana ʻia ka "Necrosis" no ka mea ʻaʻole loaʻa i nā cell ke koko, oxygen, a me nā meaʻai ke make kākou.

ʻO kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe o ka `(Necrosis)`:

• Nā ulia pōpilikia a me nā ʻeha koʻikoʻi ('Nā ʻeha traumatic').
• Nā maʻi autoimmune .
• ʻO nā bacteria, nā virus, a me nā fungi e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi.
• Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea make, nā mea ʻawahia a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kū ʻole i ke kānāwai.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi kanesa e like me ka radiation therapy .

Nā ʻano o ka Necrosis

Aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka `(Necrosis)` ma muli o ke kumu a me ka ʻāpana o ke kino i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano maʻamau:

• ʻO ka necrosis Avascular a i ʻole osteonecrosis (make ʻana o ka iwi)
• Gangrene ( make ʻana o nā ʻiʻo ʻili)
• ka necrosis o ka niho ( ka make ʻana o ka pulp o ka niho)

He aha ka Make ʻana o ke Kelepona i Hoʻoulu ʻia e ka Hoʻāla ʻana (AICD)?

He kumuhana paʻakikī kēia, akā he mea maikaʻi ke ʻike ma nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi. ʻO ka make ʻana o nā cell i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka activation (AICD) kahi pilikia paha o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi kanesa i kapa ʻia ʻo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy . Hana ia i ka wā e make mua ai nā T-cell, kahi ʻano keʻokeʻo koko e kōkua ana i ka pepehi ʻana i nā cell kanesa.

Eia nā hana a nā kauka i ka `(CAR) T-cell therapy`:

1. ʻO Leukapheresis kahi hana e wehe ai i nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo i hoʻonui nui ʻia (me nā hunaola T) mai ke koko o ka mea maʻi.

2. A laila hoʻāla ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele T i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua a hoʻāʻo e hoʻoulu hou aku iā lākou.

3. Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻike hoʻoilina hou i kēia mau T-cell i ulu ʻia i ka lab, e hoʻololi ana iā lākou i hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi a luku i nā cell cancer.

4. ʻO ka hope loa, ua hoʻokomo hou ʻia nā T-cell i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ke koko o ka mea maʻi. A laila e ʻimi a luku lākou i nā cell cancer.

Akā, ʻo ka mea pōʻino, i ka wā e hoʻāla ʻia ai kēia mau pūnaewele T a ulu i loko o ka lab, i kekahi manawa hiki ke make kēia "AICD" cell. A laila, emi ka helu o nā pūnaewele T i hoʻololi ʻia e hakakā i ka maʻi kanesa.

ʻO nā mea e pono ai kākou e hoʻomanaʻo mai kēia mau mea a pau (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻOiai paha he mea weliweli iki ka huaʻōlelo 'make cell', i kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe he hana kēia e hana maoli ʻia i loko o ko mākou kino i ka hapa nui o ka manawa a he mea nui ia no ko mākou ola olakino .

• ʻO ka make ʻana o nā pūnaewele i hoʻolālā ʻia, e like me ka apoptosis, hoʻopau i nā pūnaewele kahiko a hōʻino ʻia a hana i ala no nā pūnaewele ʻōpio a olakino.
• Ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo autophagy , hana hou nā pūnaewele i ko lākou mau ʻāpana a hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
• Eia nō naʻe, he mea weliweli ka make ʻana o nā cell mai nā ulia e like me ka necrosis a hiki ke hōʻino mau loa i nā ʻiʻo.
• Eia kekahi, i kekahi manawa hiki i ka '(Apoptosis)' a me ka '(Autophagy)' ke kōkua i nā maʻi e like me ke kanesa.

Eia nō naʻe, ke hana mau nei ko mākou kino i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hōʻino ʻia a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea i make. No laila, he mea nui e makaʻala i kēia kaʻina hana. Inā he mau nīnau a hopohopo paha kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me ke kauka.

ʻO ka make ʻana o ke kelepona, nā kelepona, apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, hana kino, mahele kelepona