Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes, ʻike paha ʻoe he pono ʻoe e mālama pono i kou mau maka. Akā no ke aha ʻoe e ʻōlelo ai pēlā? Pehea e hiki ai i ka maʻi diabetes ke hōʻino i kou ʻike maka? ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kamaʻilio nei i kēia lā. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he diabetic retinopathy . ʻO kēia kekahi o nā pilikia nui e hele mai me ka maʻi diabetes. No laila he mea nui loa ka makaʻala i kēia.
He aha ka Diabetic Retinopathy?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he ʻano kēia e hoʻopilikia ai i nā maka ma muli o ka maʻi diabetes. Ma ke kua o ko kākou mau maka he membrane koʻikoʻi a palupalu hoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka retina . Ua like ia me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i loko o ke kāmela. ʻO ia kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka mālamalama mai nā mea a kākou e ʻike ai i nā kiʻi. No laila, no ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o kēia retina, he mau kīʻaha koko palupalu loa ia e hoʻolako iā ia me ke koko.
Ke loaʻa i kahi kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes nā pae kō koko kiʻekiʻe i kāohi ʻole ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hōʻino ʻia kēia mau kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi. E pehu lākou, e hoʻokahe i ke koko a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana, a i ʻole e ālai loa ʻia. He ʻano kēia a mākou e kapa nei he diabetic retinopathy.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻopilikia kēia i nā maka ʻelua. Inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia, hiki i ka retina ke lilo i ʻōpala, e nalowale mālie ai ka ʻike, a i ka hopena e alakaʻi ai i ka makapō piha . ʻO kēia kūlana ke kumu nui o ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻike i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes.
He aha nā hōʻailona nui o kēia maʻi?
Hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kēia maʻi i ʻelua mau pae nui: ke kahua mua a me ke kahua paʻakikī e kū mai ana i ka wā e lilo ai ka maʻi i mea koʻikoʻi.
Ke kahua mua (Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - NPDR)
ʻO kēia ke kahua mua o ka maʻi. ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia ma kēia, ʻo ia ke kahe ʻana o ke wai a i ʻole ke koko liʻiliʻi mai loko mai o nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi ma ka retina aʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoulu i ka retina e pehu. I kekahi manawa pehu kēia mau kīʻaha koko a hana i nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi e like me ka balloon (microaneurysms).
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i kou ʻike. He palupalu iki paha kou ʻike. Akā i ka hapanui o ka manawa, ʻike mua ʻia kēia mau loli e kāu kauka maka i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo maka makahiki.
Hihia koʻikoʻi a paʻakikī paha (Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - PDR)
ʻO kēia ke kahua weliweli loa o ka maʻi. ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, ke ālai ʻia nā kīʻaha koko kahiko, hoʻomaka nā kīʻaha koko hou, akā ʻano ʻē, nāwaliwali e hana i loko o ka maka. No ka mea, ʻaʻole i hana pono ʻia kēia mau kīʻaha koko hou, ua nāwaliwali loa lākou a pohā maʻalahi.
Ke pohā kēia mau mea, kahe ke koko i loko o ka mea like me ka jelly i loko o ka maka (vitreous humor). Inā liʻiliʻi ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, ʻike paha ʻoe i nā kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā mea like me ke kaula e lana ana i mua o kou mau maka (floaters).Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike. Akā inā koʻikoʻi ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, hiki iā ʻoe ke nalowale loa i kou ʻike.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻiʻo ʻeha a puni kēia mau kīʻaha koko hou. Ke emi kēia ʻiʻo ʻeha, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka retina mai ke kua o ka maka (retinal detachment) . Hiki i kēia mau kīʻaha koko kūpono ʻole ke hoʻonui i ke kaomi i loko o ka maka, e hana ana i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo glaucoma .
Loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau hōʻailona?
ʻAʻole paha e ʻike ka nui o ka poʻe i kekahi mau hōʻailona i nā wā mua o ka maʻi. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea weliweli loa ia. Akā i ka wā e lilo ai ke kūlana i mea koʻikoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea e like me:
- ʻIke pōwehiwehi.
- Hoʻololi ka ʻike i mua a i mua me he mea lā e akāka ana, a laila palalulu hou.
- ʻO nā lana ka hiʻohiʻona o nā kiko ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā wili e lana ana i mua o nā maka.
- Ke ʻike nei i nā hakahaka a i ʻole nā kiko ʻeleʻele i waenakonu o kou ʻike.
- ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike pono i nā kala.
- ʻIke maikaʻi ʻole i ka pō.
- Paʻakikī i ka heluhelu ʻana i nā puke a me ka ʻike ʻana ma kahi mamao.
- Malia paha he manaʻo ʻeha a kaomi paha i loko o nā maka.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, e ʻike koke i ke kauka.
ʻO wai ka mea i pilikia nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi?
ʻO ka mea nui, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi ʻano maʻi diabetes, inā he Type 1, Type 2, a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes gestational , aia ʻoe i ka pilikia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kou loaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kou pilikia.
Eia kekahi, hoʻonui kēia mau mea i ka pilikia:
- Ke koko kiʻekiʻe
- Kolesterol kiʻekiʻe
- Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paka
- Hāpai keiki
- Momona
- Maʻi puʻupaʻa
- Nā ʻano hoʻoilina
| ʻIkepili | Lapaʻau |
|---|---|
| Hiki i kāu kauka maka ke ʻike i kēia kūlana i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo maka maʻamau. E hoʻonui ʻo ia i ka pupil a nānā i loko o ka maka. | ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana ma muli o ke kahua o ka maʻi. Aia kekahi mau ʻano lapaʻau nui. |
| Hiki i kahi hoʻokolohua kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo Fluorescein Angiogram ke kuhikuhi i kahi kikoʻī o nā leaka i loko o nā kīʻaha koko. | Nā inikini Anti-VEGF: Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi inikini kūikawā i loko o ka maka. Hoʻōki kēia i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko ʻē. (Ex: Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab) |
| ʻO kahi scan i kapa ʻia ʻo Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) e nānā i ka mānoanoa o ka retina a inā he hōʻiliʻili wai. | ʻO ke ʻoki kino Laser: Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukuna laser e "sila" i nā kīʻaha koko e liki ana. |
| ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana o Vitrectomy: Inā komo ke koko i loko o ka maka a lilo ka ʻike, hana ʻia kēia ʻoki e wehe i ke koko. |
Pehea lā e hiki ai iā kākou ke pale iā kākou iho mai kēia kūlana weliweli?
ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa. Nui nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku iā ʻoe iho mai kēia maʻi.
- ʻO ka mea nui loa: E mālama i kou kō koko a me ke koko . E hana pū me kāu kauka e hana i kēia. E lawe i kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha.
- ʻOiaʻiʻo: E ʻike i ke kauka maka no ka hoʻokolokolo maka piha ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Mai kali a ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona. Inā ʻike mua ʻia, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i kou ʻike.
- Inā he makuahine hāpai ʻoe: Inā he makuahine hāpai ʻoe me ka maʻi diabetes, e hōʻoia e nānā i kou maka i loko o nā mahina ʻekolu mua o ka hāpai ʻana.
- E pale i ka puhipaka: Hoʻonui ka puhipaka i kēia maʻi.
- Kaohi ʻana i ka cholesterol: Kaohi i nā pae cholesterol koko.
- He nohona olakino: E ʻai i ka meaʻai kaulike a me ka hoʻoikaika kino.
E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole paha e hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia kēia maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, me ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama pono ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale aku i ka maʻi mai ka ʻino ʻana a mālama i kou ʻike maka makamae .
Leka Lawe-Home
- He maʻi ka maʻi diabetes e hoʻopilikia pololei ana i nā maka, no laila e mālama mau i kou mau maka.
- ʻO ka palekana maikaʻi loa hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i kou kō koko a me ke koko.
- ʻOiai inā ʻaʻohe ou hōʻailona, he mea nui e hoʻokolokolo ʻia kou mau maka e kahi ophthalmologist ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi i ka makahiki.
- Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau loli i kou ʻike (e laʻa me ka ʻike pōwehiwehi, nā kiko ʻeleʻele), mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia. E ʻike koke i ke kauka.
- Hiki i ka mālama koke ke pale i kāu ʻike makamae no ke ola.
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