Hiki paha i kāu keiki liʻiliʻi ke pilikia me kēia bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae)? E makaʻala kākou!

ʻAuē, ʻo ka makaʻu a me ka hopohopo a mākou e manaʻo ai i ka wā e maʻi ai kā mākou poʻe liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole anei? Ke hakakā nei mākou a pau me nā mea e like me ke kuni pinepine, ka ʻū, a me ke anu. Akā i kekahi manawa hiki i kā mākou mau keiki ke loaʻa i nā maʻi i ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o kēia mau maʻi maʻamau. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi bacteria e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā keiki ma lalo o ʻelima mau makahiki, a me nā pākeke me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali. ʻO ka inoa o kēia bacteria ʻo 'Haemophilus influenzae'.

He aha ke ʻano o ka Haemophilus influenzae?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he ʻano bacteria ʻo Haemophilus influenzae. Hiki i kēia bacteria ke hana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. Hiki i kekahi o lākou ke liʻiliʻi, e like me nā maʻi pepeiao. Akā i kekahi manawa, hiki i kēia bacteria ke hana i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi loa, a hiki i ke ola, e like me ka lāʻau make koko.

ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau maʻi e hoʻopilikia i nā keiki ma lalo o ʻelima mau makahiki . Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali (no ka laʻana, ka poʻe me kekahi mau maʻi mau, e like me nā maʻi kanesa) i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi mai kēia mau bacteria.

ʻO kekahi mau maʻi H. influenzae ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he mau maʻi "invasive". ʻO ia hoʻi, komo ka bacteria i nā wahi o ko mākou kino i maʻa mau i nā germs. No ka laʻana, inā komo ka bacteria i loko o ke kahe e hoʻopuni ana i ko mākou lolo a me ke kaula spinal, hiki iā ia ke hana i ka meningitis, kahi mumū o ka lolo. He kūlana weliweli loa kēia. ʻO kēia mau ʻano maʻi invasive e pono ai ka mālama ʻia ʻana i ka haukapila a me ka mālama ʻana, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make.

He aha ke ʻano o ka Haemophilus influenzae ʻano b (Hib)?

Ua hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā bacteria Haemophilus influenzae i ʻelua mau pūʻulu. ʻO kekahi ke ʻano "hoʻopuni ʻia", a ʻo kekahi ke ʻano "ʻaʻole i hoʻopuni ʻia". ʻO ke ʻano o "Hoʻopuni ʻia" he uhi pale waho ko nā bacteria, e like me ka pūpū. ʻAe kēia pūpū i kēia mau bacteria e kūʻē i kekahi mau antibiotic. Ua māhele hou ʻia kēia mau bacteria i hoʻopuni ʻia i nā hui liʻiliʻi mai "a" a i "f".

ʻO ka mea maʻamau a weliweli loa o kēia mau mea ʻo ia ka Haemophilus influenzae type b, a mākou e kapa nei iā Hib no ka pōkole . Hoʻopilikia nui nā maʻi Hib i nā keiki ma lalo o ʻelima mau makahiki a me nā poʻe ma luna o 65 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi i nā poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Nā kānaka me ka maʻi ʻo Sickle cell.
• ʻO nā kānaka me ka ʻole o ka spleen (asplenia).
• ʻO nā kānaka me nā hemahema i ka ʻōnaehana antibody a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana complement.
• Nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV.
• ʻO nā poʻe e loaʻa ana i ka chemotherapy, radiation, a i ʻole ua loaʻa i kahi hoʻoili iwi iwi no ka maʻi kanesa.

ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, hiki iā kākou ke pale iā kākou iho mai kēia mau maʻi Haemophilus influenzae ʻano b me ka lāʻau pale Hib. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia ma hope.

Ke kumu nei anei ʻo Haemophilus influenzae i ka maʻi palū?

He mea kēia e huikau ai nā kānaka he nui. ʻOiai aia ka 'influenzae' i loko o ka inoa ʻo 'Haemophilus influenzae', ʻaʻole kēia bacteria ke kumu o ka maʻi influenza (flu) . He maʻi ia i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi virus ʻokoʻa. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, hiki i kēia bacteria ke hana i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe he nui.

He aha nā maʻi e hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia e ka 'Haemophilus influenzae'?

Eia kekahi o nā maʻi nui a me nā maʻi i hiki ke hana ʻia e kēia bacteria:

• Ka Maʻi Pepeiao (Otitis Media): He maʻi ia o ka pepeiao waena, ma hope o ka pahu pepeiao. He mea maʻamau kēia i nā keiki ʻōpio.
• ʻO ka Bronchitis: ʻO kahi kūlana kahi e loaʻa ai ka maʻi i nā ʻōmole ea liʻiliʻi (bronchi) i loko o nā māmā, pehu, a hana i ka mucus keu.
• Nā maʻi ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo ('Cellulitis'): Komo ka bacteria i ka ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo ma lalo ma o kahi ʻeha a ʻoki paha.
• ʻEpiglottitis: He maʻi o ka epiglottis, kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma ke kua o ko kākou puʻu e uhi ana i ka ʻōpū makani i ka wā e moni ai kākou. He kūlana koʻikoʻi loa kēia a he mea weliweli hoʻi, no ka mea, hiki ke pilikia ka hanu ʻana.
• Pneumonia: He maʻi o kekahi a i ʻole nā ​​māmā ʻelua. I loko o kēia, pehu nā māmā a piha i ka mucus.
• Meningitis: ʻO ka maʻi o nā membrane (meninges) e hoʻopuni ana i ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal.
• Septicemia: Komo nā bacteria i loko o ke koko a laha ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. He mea weliweli loa nō hoʻi kēia.
• ʻO ka ʻāʻī septic: He maʻi ia o ka uhi o kahi hono. ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ia i ka wā e laha ai kahi maʻi ma kahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino i ke hono ma o ke kahe koko.

E hoʻomanaʻo, hiki i kekahi o kēia mau maʻi, ʻoiai ʻo Epiglottitis a me Meningitis, ke lilo koke i mea koʻikoʻi. No laila, he mea nui loa e ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau i ka wā e ʻike ai ʻoe i nā hōʻailona.

ʻO wai ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka Haemophilus influenzae?

ʻO ka lāʻau pale Hib kekahi ʻāpana o ka papa hana lāʻau pale maʻamau no nā kamaliʻi ma ko mākou ʻāina. No laila, ʻo ka maʻi H. influenzae ka mea nui e pili ana i nā keiki i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia no ka Hib. ʻO nā keiki hānau hou i hoʻopau ʻole i ka papa lāʻau pale e pilikia pū kekahi.

Ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo H. influenzae he mea maʻamau i waena o nā keiki ʻōiwi o Alaska, ʻoiai inā ua hoʻopili ʻia lākou. Hoʻopilikia pū ia i ka poʻe ma luna o 65 mau makahiki a me ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali .

Pehea ka maʻamau o ka 'Haemophilus influenzae'?

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua emi nui ka nui o ka maʻi ma hope o ka hoʻolauna ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau pale Hib no nā keiki i ka makahiki 1987 a no nā pēpē i ka makahiki 1990.Ma mua o ka hoʻolauna ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau pale, ma kahi o 20,000 mau keiki ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki i loaʻa i ka maʻi Hib koʻikoʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ma kahi o 1,000 i make. Akā me ka lāʻau pale, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka maʻi Hib koʻikoʻi ma mua o 99% mai ka makahiki 1991. I ka makahiki 2019, ma kahi o 0.15 o 100,000 mau keiki ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki i loaʻa i ka maʻi Hib.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā maʻi Haemophilus influenzae i nā hui makahiki āpau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka H. influenzae ʻano ʻole. I ka makahiki 2019, 1.62 o 100,000 mau keiki ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki i loaʻa i kēia ʻano maʻi. I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kumu maʻamau o kēia mau maʻi i nā keiki ma waena o ka poʻe i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia a ʻaʻole paha i hoʻopau i ka papa hana hoʻopili piha . Ma waena o nā pākeke he 65 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku, ʻo ka helu o nā maʻi H. influenzae ʻano ʻole he 4.88 no 100,000.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi 'Haemophilus influenzae'?

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka Haemophilus influenzae i nā pēpē a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi kikoʻī a lākou e loaʻa nei. E nānā kākou i nā hōʻailona o kekahi mau maʻi nui.

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi pepeiao ('Otitis Media'):

• ʻEha pepeiao (hiki i ka pēpē ke paʻa i kona pepeiao a uē)
• Makemake nui
• Hoʻomaha mau, uē
• ʻAʻole hiki ke hiamoe
• kuni
• Ka hoʻokahe wai e like me ka wai mai ka pepeiao mai
• Ka paʻakikī o ka lohe (e ʻōlelo ana kekahi keiki ʻelemakule iki pēlā)

Nā hōʻailona o ka bronchitis:

• ʻŪhā pinepine, me ka phlegm
• Kino make ʻole
• Hanu ʻana
• kuni
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻili (Cellulitis):

• ʻEha ma kahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi, ʻeha ke hoʻopā ʻia
• Pehu ʻana
• Mehana ke pā aku
• ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻili (ʻulaʻula, poni)
• ʻŌhūhū
• Kuni a me nā anu
• Hana paʻakikī

Nā hōʻailona o ka epiglottitis (he pilikia kēia!):

• ʻEha nui ka ʻāʻī
• kuni
• He leo ʻino a ʻino hoʻi i ka wā e hanu ana (stridor)
• Paʻakikī ke ale ʻana
• Ka waimaka
• Paʻakikī loa ka hanu ʻana (e hoʻāʻo paha ke keiki e hanu ma ke kīkoʻo ʻana i ko lākou ʻāʻī a me ke kūlou ʻana i mua)

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi niumonia:

• Kuni a me nā anu
• ʻŪhū (hiki ke phlegmy a maloʻo paha)
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana, pōkole ka hanu ʻana
• Ka hou ʻana
• ʻEha umauma
• ʻEha poʻo
• ʻEha ʻiʻo
• Hana paʻakikī

Nā hōʻailona o ka meningitis (he pilikia nō hoʻi kēia!):

• kuni kiʻekiʻe
• ʻEha poʻo nui
• ʻĀʻī ʻoʻoleʻa (hiki ʻole ke kūlou i mua)
• Hana paʻakikī
• Makemake nui
• Ka luaʻi a me ka nausea
• Hoʻomaha ʻole, huhū
• Ka huikau
• Nā hopu ʻana

Nā hōʻailona o Septicemia (he pilikia nō hoʻi kēia!):

• Kuni a me nā anu
• ʻEha ʻōpū
• Ka luaʻi a me ka nausea
• Ka maʻi pākī
• Hopohopo a huikau paha
• Hana paʻakikī
• Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana, pōkole ka hanu ʻana

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi hono (Septic Arthritis):

• kuni
• ʻEha hui, palupalu
• Pehu hui
• Mehana i ka pā ʻana
• ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoneʻe pono i ka hui (ka palena o ka neʻe ʻana)

He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi Haemophilus influenzae?

I kēia manawa ua ʻike mākou he ʻano bacteria ʻo 'Haemophilus influenzae'. ʻEono mau ʻano o kēia bacteria, mai a a i f. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he "non-typeable". ʻO kēia mau mea, ʻo ke ʻano b, a i ʻole 'Hib', ke kuleana no 95% o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi a komo i loko.

Noho maʻamau kēia mau bacteria i loko o ko kākou ihu a me ka puʻu. I ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopilikia i laila. Eia nō naʻe, ke hele kēia mau bacteria i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, hoʻoulu lākou i nā maʻi.

He maʻi lele anei ka Haemophilus influenzae?

ʻAe. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hoʻopili ʻia a pale ʻia mai kēia bacteria, hiki iā ʻoe ke maʻi me Haemophilus influenzae.

Pehea e laha ai ka Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)?

Hoʻolaha ʻia ka Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka ma o nā kulu hanu i hana ʻia i ka wā e ʻū ai a ʻūhā paha ka mea maʻi . Loaʻa i kēia mau kulu ka bacteria, a hiki i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke maʻi inā hanu lākou i kēia mau kulu. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻolaha ʻia ma o ka pili kokoke a lōʻihi me kekahi mea nona ka bacteria i loko o ko lākou ihu a i ʻole ka puʻu (ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona). Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻaʻole hiki i ka bacteria Hib ke ola ma nā ʻili ola ʻole a i ʻole ke kaiapuni.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e hiki ai iaʻu ke noho ma kahi mea hānai?

ʻAʻole maopopo i nā loea e pili ana i ka "manawa hoʻoulu" pololei o Haemophilus influenzae - ʻo ia ka manawa e pono ai no ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā hōʻailona ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka bacteria i loko o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻoʻiʻo nā kānaka noiʻi hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona i loko o kekahi mau lā o ka maʻi.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi Haemophilus influenzae?

ʻO ka maʻamau, e ʻike kāu kauka i kahi maʻi H. influenzae me hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. Hiki iā lākou ke lawe i kahi hāpana o kou koko, wai spinal, wai hui, wai pleural (wai a puni nā māmā), a i ʻole kahi aspirate pepeiao waena .

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo mua ua kapa ʻia ʻo 'Gram staining'. Nānā kēia 'Gram stain' no ka bacteria i loko o ka hāpana a me ke ʻano o ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi. Ma hope o kēlā, hiki i kāu kauka ke hana i kahi 'culture' o ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​​​wai kino e hōʻoia inā aia nā bacteria.

He gram-positive a gram-negative paha ka maʻi Haemophilus influenzae?

Ma lalo o kahi 'Gram stain', loli nā bacteria mai kekahi o nā kala ʻelua (poni i ka ʻulaʻula a poni paha i ka uliuli). Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou he 'Gram-negative' a i ʻole 'Gram-positive'. ʻO 'Haemophilus influenzae' kahi 'coccobacillus' gram-negative (he bacteria pōkole, ʻano koʻokoʻo) . Ke nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope, ʻike ʻia lākou he ʻulaʻula. He pūpū waho paʻakikī ko nā bacteria Gram-negative. Mālama kēia iā lākou a paʻakikī ke pepehi. Kūʻē lākou i ka hapa nui o nā antibiotics e kū nei, a hiki i kēia mau bacteria ke loaʻa nā ala hou e pakele ai i ka hoʻouka kaua.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka Haemophilus influenzae?

ʻO ka lāʻau no ka Haemophilus influenzae e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi āu e loaʻa ai. ʻO ka maʻamau , hāʻawi ʻia nā antibiotics e hakakā i ka maʻi . Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e hiki i ka bacteria H. influenzae ke kūʻē i nā antibiotics.

Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o kou kūlana, pono paha ʻoe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou aʻe ma ka haukapila. Hiki i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke komo pū me:

• Kōkua hanu - hāʻawi ʻia ka oxygen ma o ka pale maka (face mask oxygen) a i ʻole intubation (ke hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi ʻōmole i loko o ka ʻōpū hanu a hoʻohui iā ia i kahi mīkini).
• ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā steroids i loko o ka intravenous.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i ke koko haʻahaʻa.
• Mālama ʻeha no ka ʻili i hōʻino ʻia.
• Ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka wai no nā maʻi hono ('Septic Arthritis').

Aia kekahi lāʻau pale no ka maʻi ʻo Haemophilus influenzae?

ʻAe, aia! Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kāu keiki i ka lāʻau pale Hib e pale aku iā lākou mai nā maʻi Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Manaʻo ka World Health Organization (CDC) e loaʻa i nā keiki āpau ma lalo o 2 mau makahiki kēia lāʻau pale . Ma Sri Lanka, ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia ia i loko o ka papahana lāʻau pale aupuni.

ʻO ka maʻamau, e hāʻawi ke kauka o kāu keiki i ka lāʻau pale Hib i ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mau mahele.

• E loaʻa i kāu pēpē ka mahele mua i ka 2 mahina o kona makahiki .
• Hāʻawi ʻia ka lua o ka mahele ma 4 mau mahina .
• Inā hāʻawi ʻia ʻehā mau mahele lāʻau, hāʻawi ʻia ke kolu o ka mahele lāʻau i ka 6 mahina .
• A laila, hāʻawi ʻia ka mahele hope loa (booster) ma waena o 12 a me 15 mau mahina o ka makahiki e hoʻopau i ka moʻo o ka lāʻau pale.

Ma hope o kēia moʻo mua o nā lāʻau pale, ma waena o 95% a me 100% o nā keiki e hoʻomohala i nā pae antibody pale e kūʻē iā Hib .

Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau pale Hib ma ke ʻano he lāʻau pale hoʻokahi [PRP-T (ActHIB), PRP-T (Hiberix) a i ʻole PRP-OMP (Pedvax HIB)] a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka lāʻau pale hui pū ʻia [DTap-IPV-Hib (Pentacel) a i ʻole DTap-IPV-Hib-Hep B (Vaxelis)]. ʻO ka lāʻau pale hui pū ʻia he hui pū ʻana o kekahi mau lāʻau pale i hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa hoʻokahi.

Pale aku ka lāʻau pale Hib i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e Haemophilus influenzae ʻano b. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pale aku i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o H. influenzae. No ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o H. influenzae, e mālama i nā lima o kāu keiki i ka maʻemaʻe a mālama iā lākou mai ka poʻe maʻi. E aʻo i kāu keiki pehea e holoi ai i ko lākou mau lima i ka wā ʻōpiopio.

He aha ka mea e hana ai inā loaʻa ka Haemophilus influenzae i kaʻu keiki?

ʻO ka wānana no nā maʻi H. influenzae e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana o kāu keiki. Inā ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia ka maʻi i ka wā mua , hiki i ke kauka o kāu keiki ke kāohi i ka maʻi.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai me nā lāʻau antibiotic, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi H. influenzae ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia lōʻihi . No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi keiki ke nalowale i kahi lālā ma muli o nā maʻi koko. Ma kahi o 20% o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka meningitis (ka mumū o ka lolo) hiki ke loaʻa i ka nalowale o ka lohe mau loa a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia neurological ʻē aʻe. Ma waena o 3% a me 6% o nā keiki āpau i loaʻa i ka maʻi Hib e make i ka maʻi.

ʻO ia ke kumu a mākou e ʻōlelo nei he mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau pale . Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i ke aʻo lapaʻau i ka wā e ʻike ai ʻoe i nā hōʻailona hiki ke hoʻōla i ke ola.

Āhea e pono ai i kaʻu keiki ke ʻike i ke kauka?

Inā hōʻike kāu keiki i kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi H. influenzae, pono ʻoe e lawe koke iā ia i ke kauka . He mea nui ka ʻike koke a me ka mālama ʻana no kēia mau maʻi bacteria.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

Hiki i ka bacteria 'Haemophilus influenzae' ke hoʻoulu i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, mai nā maʻi liʻiliʻi a maʻalahi a hiki i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi a hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i kēia mau maʻi ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana . Paipai ka CDC (World Health Organization) e hoʻopili ʻia kāu keiki i ke ʻano maʻamau o 'Haemophilus influenzae', ʻano b (Hib). Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ia i loko o ka papahana hoʻopili aupuni ma Sri Lanka.

Inā hōʻike kāu keiki i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi 'H. influenzae', mai hoʻonele i ka manawa a e ʻike koke i ke kauka . ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kāu keiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona manawa e hoʻōla a ola ai. Ma ke ʻano he mau mākua, he mea nui loa iā kākou e makaʻala mau i ke olakino o kā kākou mau keiki.

ʻO Haemophilus influenzae, Hib, nā maʻi bacteria, nā maʻi kamaliʻi, nā lāʻau pale, meningitis, pneumonia