Hiki ke loaʻa kahi pilikia puʻuwai hānau i ka wā makua? (Maʻi Puʻuwai hānau makua - ACHD) E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia!

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka maʻi puʻuwai hānau, kahi maʻi e hiki ke ulu i ka wā makua? Manaʻo paha ʻoe, 'ʻĀ, he mea ia e hiki ai iā kākou ke ʻike e pili ana i ko kākou wā kamaliʻi.' Akā, ʻaʻole ia ka hihia mau. Aia kekahi mau pilikia puʻuwai i hānau ʻia me kākou, akā hōʻike wale ʻia nā hōʻailona i ko kākou wā ʻelemakule, a i ʻole ua loaʻa iā kākou ma mua akā hoʻomaka e hoʻopilikia iā kākou i ka wā makua. ʻO ia ka mea a kākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā.

He aha ka maʻi puʻuwai hānau i ka wā makua (ACHD)?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka maʻi puʻuwai hānau makua (a i ʻole ACHD, e like me ka kapa ʻana o nā kauka) he hui o nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i ke ʻano o kou puʻuwai, kahi mea āu i hānau ai me ia. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "congenital" ʻo ia hoʻi ke kū mai ka hemahema i kou wā e ulu ana ma ke ʻano he fetus i loko o ka ʻōpū a aia i ka wā hānau. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau kūlana i ke ʻano o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ma kou puʻuwai. Kāhea pū mākou i kēia mau "congenital heart defects."

Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau maʻi puʻuwai ke akahai loa, akā hiki i kekahi ke koʻikoʻi loa. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi puʻuwai a me kona koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole paha e ʻike kekahi poʻe i kekahi mau hōʻailona a hiki i ko lākou wā makua. ʻAʻole paha e ʻike iki kekahi i nā hōʻailona. A aia nō kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai inā ua mālama ʻia lākou no kēia mau maʻi i ko lākou wā ʻōpiopio, hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona ma ke ʻano he hopena lōʻihi i ka wā makua.

Akā, aia ka nūhou maikaʻi . Me ka holomua o ka ʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, ua piʻi nui ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ka poʻe me ACHD. ʻOi aku ma mua o 90% o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia me ACHD i ko lākou wā kamaliʻi e ola a hiki i ka wā makua . Inā ʻoe i ʻike ʻia me ACHD i kou wā kamaliʻi a i ʻole he kanaka makua, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e pono ʻoe i ka mālama olakino no ke ola holoʻokoʻa e nānā i kou kūlana.

He aha nā ʻāpana o ka puʻuwai e hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia e ACHD?

I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou i nā ʻāpana o ka puʻuwai e hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia e kēia maʻi, ʻo `ACHD`. E noʻonoʻo i kou puʻuwai he mīkini liʻiliʻi akā koʻikoʻi loa. Aia kekahi mau ʻāpana nui o ka puʻuwai e pili ana i kēia:

• Nā kīʻaha koko: ʻO kēia nā ʻano hana like me ka paipu e lawe ana i ke koko mai kou puʻuwai i kou kino a hoʻi i kou puʻuwai. Lawe nā aʻa i ke koko waiwai i ka oxygen mai kou puʻuwai i nā ʻiʻo o kou kino. Lawe nā aʻa i ke koko deoxygenated i kou puʻuwai.
• Nā keʻena puʻuwai: Hoʻomalu kēia mau keʻena i ke kuʻi ʻana a me ke kahe ʻana o ke koko o kou puʻuwai. Aia ʻelua mau keʻena luna (ka atria ʻākau a me ka hema) a me ʻelua mau keʻena haʻahaʻa (nā ventricles ʻākau a me ka hema). Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau keʻena e kahi paia o nā ʻiʻo (ka septum).
• Nā kiwikā puʻuwai: ʻEhā mau kiwikā o kou puʻuwai. Ua like kēia me nā puka e kōkua ai i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i hoʻokahi ala wale nō. ʻO kēia mau kiwikāʻO lākou ka 'aortic valve', 'mitral valve', 'pulmonary valve', a me ka 'tricuspid valve' .

No laila, ma ka `ACHD`, hiki ke loaʻa kahi hewa ma kekahi o kēia mau ʻāpana.

He aha nā ʻano nui o ACHD?

I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou i nā ʻano nui o ka 'ACHD'. He ʻano lapaʻau paha kēia, akā e wehewehe maʻalahi wau iā lākou i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

Nā hemahema o ke kīʻaha koko

I kekahi manawa, hiki i kou mau kīʻaha koko ke lilo i mea haiki loa ma kekahi mau wahi. ʻO ia hoʻi, pono kou puʻuwai e hana ikaika e pamu i ke koko. A i ʻole, hiki i nā kīʻaha koko ke kū ʻole i ke kaulike, e ʻae ana i ke koko nele i ka oxygen e kahe i ke kino a me ke koko waiwai i ka oxygen e kahe i nā māmā. ʻO nā hemahema maʻamau o nā kīʻaha koko:

• ʻO ka coarctation aortic (ka ʻūmiʻi ʻana o ka aorta)
• ʻO ka Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (kahi kīʻaha koko i pono e pani ʻia ma hope o ka hānau ʻana e waiho hāmama ana)
• ʻO ka stenosis o ke aʻa puʻuwai
• ʻO ke kaʻina hana o nā aʻa nui (ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā aʻa nui ʻelua e haʻalele ana i ka puʻuwai)
• ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ke aʻa pulmonary maʻamau ʻole (ka pili ʻana o ke aʻa pulmonary ma kahi kūpono ʻole)

Nā hemahema o ka valve puʻuwai

Hiki i kou mau kiwikā puʻuwai ke lilo i mea haiki loa, ʻaʻole pani pono ʻia, pani loa ʻia, a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻē. ʻO kēia mau kūlana e paʻakikī ai i kou puʻuwai ke pamu i ke koko a puni kou kino. ʻO nā hemahema kiwikā puʻuwai maʻamau:

• ʻO ka maʻi valve aortic bicuspid` (ʻelua wale nō pepa liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i loko o ka valve aortic ma kahi o nā ʻekolu maʻamau)
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻo Ebstein (kahi kīnā koʻikoʻi ma ka valve tricuspid)
• ʻO ka prolapse valve mitral (MVP)

Nā kīnā o ka septal

He mau lua kēia i loko o ka paia o nā ʻiʻo (ka `septum`) ma waena o nā keʻena ʻelua o luna (atria) a i ʻole nā ​​keʻena ʻelua o lalo (mitra) o ka puʻuwai. ʻAe kēia i ke koko waiwai i ka oxygen mai nā māmā e hui pū me ke koko nele i ka oxygen mai ke kino. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen o ke koko e haʻalele ana i ka puʻuwai ma mua o ka maʻamau. ʻO nā `septal defects` maʻamau:

• ʻO ke kīnā septal atrial (ASD) (kahi puka i loko o ka paia ma waena o ka atria)
• ʻO ka foramen ovale patent (PFO) (kahi puka liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka atria e pani ʻia ma hope o ka hānau ʻana)
• ʻO ke kīnā septal ventricular (VSD) (kahi puka i loko o ka paia ma waena o nā ventricles)

ʻO wai ka mea hiki ke loaʻa iā ACHD?

Hiki ke loaʻa kēia maʻi 'ACHD' i nā kānaka o kēlā me kēia kāne, makahiki, a lāhui paha. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kekahi mau maʻi, e like me 'Atrial septal defect (ASD)' , 'Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)' , a me 'Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)' i nā wahine. Eia kekahi, ʻo 'Aortic coarctation' , 'Tetralogy of Fallot'(He hui pū kēia o nā kīnā puʻuwai paʻakikī ʻehā) a me nā kūlana e like me 'Transposition of the great arteries' ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i nā kāne.

ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka poʻe me kekahi mau maʻi genetic, no ka laʻana , ʻo Down syndrome a i ʻole Turner syndrome , ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi o kēia mau kīnā puʻuwai hānau.

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō, ua hōʻike ʻia he 1.4 miliona mau mākua e ʻeha nei i ka ACHD. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e piʻi ana ka nui o ka poʻe me ACHD ma kahi o 5% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Nui ka poʻe me ia mau kūlana ma Sri Lanka, akā ʻaʻole paha i ʻike pono ʻia lākou, a i ʻole ua mālama ʻia paha lākou i ka wā kamaliʻi a ua hala ka nānā kūikawā i ka wā makua ma muli o ka naʻaupō.

He aha nā kumu o ka ACHD?

ʻAʻole ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi i ke kumu kikoʻī o ka ACHD. Hiki i kekahi mau kūlana ACHD ke holo i loko o nā ʻohana (ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻoilina ʻia). ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka ACHD me nā maʻi genetic a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi e like me Down syndrome a me Turner syndrome.

Eia kekahi, inā loaʻa i ka makuahine kekahi mau kūlana i ka wā hāpai, hiki i ka pēpē ke piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ACHD. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Inā loaʻa ka makuahine i ka rubella a i ʻole ka maʻi palū (flu) i nā mahina ʻekolu mua o ka hāpai ʻana.
• Inā loaʻa i ka makuahine ka 'diabetes Type 1' a i ʻole ka 'diabetes Type 2' .
• Inā ʻoe e lawe i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau no nā mea e like me ka ʻānele, ka maʻi bipolar, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hōʻeha.
• Inā ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau ʻeha e like me ka ibuprofen i ka wā a ma hope paha o 30 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana.

He mea nui: ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo inā hana ʻia kēia mau mea, e loaʻa maoli nō i ka pēpē ka maʻi puʻuwai. He mau mea wale nō kēia e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia. He mea nui loa ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau i ka wā hāpai.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka ACHD?

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka ACHD mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka. Aia ia i nā mea e like me kou mau makahiki, ka nui o nā kīnā o ka puʻuwai i loaʻa iā ʻoe, ke koʻikoʻi o kou maʻi puʻuwai, a me ke ʻano o ka ACHD i loaʻa iā ʻoe.

ʻAʻole hōʻike kekahi poʻe me ACHD i kekahi mau hōʻailona . Akā inā hōʻike ʻoe, hiki iā lākou ke komo pū me:

• ʻO ke kala polū o nā kui, nā lehelehe, a me ka ʻili (cyanosis). Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia e ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o ke koko.
• Pōʻaiʻī.
• Luhi, ʻoi aku hoʻi ka manaʻo luhi koke ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kahi hana liʻiliʻi.
• Ke lohe nei i kahi kani puʻuwai ʻē (he `heart murmur`). He mea kēia e hiki i ke kauka ke lohe i ka wā e hoʻolohe ai me ka `stethoscope`.
• Puʻuwai wikiwiki a ʻano ʻē paha (palpitations puʻuwai). Manaʻo paha ʻoe ua loli ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai o kou puʻuwai.
• Puʻuwai kūpono ʻole (arrhythmia).
• Ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana (dyspnea).
• Ka pehu ʻana (edema) o nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, nā wāwae, a i ʻole nā ​​​​lima.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​he mea nui loa e kamaʻilio me ke kauka e pili ana i ia mea.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka ACHD?

Ke ʻike ʻoe i ke kauka me kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​e nīnau mua ʻo ia iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​inā paha ua loaʻa i kekahi o kou ʻohana ka maʻi puʻuwai, a me kou mōʻaukala olakino. A laila, e hana lākou i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino a hoʻolohe i kou puʻuwai me kahi stethoscope.

Eia kekahi, hiki i ke kauka ke hana i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i ke kūlana ACHD:

• Catheterization cardiac: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻōmole lahilahi (catheter) ma o kahi kīʻaha koko i loko o kou ʻūhā i loko o kou puʻuwai.
• ʻO ke kiʻi X-ray o ka umauma (ka nānā ʻana i ke kiʻi X-ray o ka umauma).
• Echocardiogram (echo): Ua like kēia me kahi scan ultrasound o ka puʻuwai. Hiki iā ia ke nānā i ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka puʻuwai.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Ke ana kēia i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai.
• Hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi hoʻoikaika kino: Hoʻāʻo kēia i ka pane ʻana o kou puʻuwai ke hoʻoikaika kino ʻoe.
• ʻO ka `Heart MRI` (Heart MRI scan) a me ka `Heart CT scan` (Heart CT scan). Hiki i kēia mau mea ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka puʻuwai.
• ʻO ka pulse oximetry: Ke ana kēia i ka pae o ka oxygen i loko o ke koko. Ana ʻia ma ke kau ʻana i kahi mea e like me ka clip i kahi manamana lima a i ʻole ka pepeiao.
• ʻO ka echocardiogram Transesophageal (TEE): Ua like kēia me kahi hoʻāʻo echo, akā ua hoʻoili ʻia kahi probe ultrasound i lalo o ka puʻu a nānā ʻia kokoke i ka puʻuwai.

ʻAe kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ke kauka e loaʻa kahi ʻike maopopo o kou kūlana.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka ACHD?

ʻAʻole paha e pono kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi mau kīnā puʻuwai hānau liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻoe e hana i nā nānā puʻuwai maʻamau me kahi kauka cardiologist e hōʻoia ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kou kūlana.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana no ka ACHD. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā koho lapaʻau penei:

• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke kōkua i kou puʻuwai e hana maikaʻi. Eia kekahi laʻana:
• ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa ACE a me nā mea pale i ke kahawai calcium (kōkua kēia i ke kaohi ʻana i ke koko).
• Nā Anticoagulants (nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pale ai i ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko).
• Nā Beta-blockers (e kāohi i ka helu o ka puʻuwai).
• Nā pila wai (diuretics) (e hōʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili wai pono ʻole i loko o ke kino).
• Nā mea hana puʻuwai i hoʻokomo ʻia: Hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻokomo i kahi pacemaker e kaohi i kou helu puʻuwai a i ʻole kahi implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) e hoʻoponopono i kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai kūpono ʻole (arrhythmia).
• ʻO ke catheterization cardiac: E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he hana diagnostic a me kahi hana therapeutic. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hoʻoponopono i nā hemahema e like me nā hemahema septal atrial (ASD). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi e hoʻonui i nā aʻa i haiki ʻia (angioplasty) a i ʻole nā ​​​​valvotomy (valvotomy) ma ke kau ʻana i kahi pōpō liʻiliʻi ma o ka catheter.
• ʻOki kino: Hiki i ke kauka lapaʻau ke hoʻoponopono a hoʻololi paha i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o kāu mau valves puʻuwai (ʻoki valve puʻuwai). Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ma o ke ʻoki puʻuwai hāmama a i ʻole ke ʻoki puʻuwai minimally invasive. Hana ʻia ke ʻoki puʻuwai e hoʻoponopono i nā kīnā puʻuwai hānau paʻakikī.
• Hoʻoili puʻuwai: ʻO ka poʻe me ka maʻi puʻuwai hānau koʻikoʻi a hoʻoweliweli i ke ola, pono paha i kahi hoʻoili puʻuwai piha, akā he hopena hope loa kēia.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki ke loaʻa mai ka ACHD?

ʻO kekahi mau pilikia e hiki ke kū mai ma muli o ka ACHD:

• Ka puʻuwai kūpono ʻole ('Arrhythmia').
• ʻO ka maʻi o ka uhi o loko o ka puʻuwai (endocarditis).
• Ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai (a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai congestive).
• Ke koko kiʻekiʻe o ka puʻuwai.
• Hahau.

Inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia kou kīnā puʻuwai hānau i ka wā mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o kou pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia mau pilikia.

He aha ka manaʻolana no kekahi me ACHD?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ACHD, pili kou ʻano i ke ʻano o ka maʻi puʻuwai hānau i loaʻa iā ʻoe, kona koʻikoʻi, a me ka lāʻau āu e loaʻa ai. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me ka lāʻau maikaʻi e ola maʻamau a hana. No laila, ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo ai, akā he mea nui e hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka.

Pehea ʻoe e mālama ai iā ʻoe iho inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻo ACHD?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ACHD, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia mau mea e mālama iā ʻoe iho:

• E ola i kahi nohona olakino. E ʻai pono, e inu pono, e hoʻoikaika kino (e like me ke kuhikuhi a kāu kauka), a e pale loa i ka puhipaka.
• E haʻi aku i kāu mau kauka a me nā kauka niho a pau he ACHD kou. He mea nui loa kēia, no ka mea, pono lākou e ʻike i kēia i ka wā e mālama ai iā ʻoe.
• E ʻike pinepine i kahi kauka cardiologist i loea i ka ACHD i hiki ke nānā ʻia kou kūlana.
• Ma mua o ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau a me nā hana niho, e lawe i nā antibiotics inā ʻōlelo ʻia e kāu cardiologist.Hana ʻia kēia e pale aku i nā maʻi e like me ka endocarditis.
• E mālama pono i kou mau niho a e ʻike pinepine i kāu kauka niho. He mea nui kēia no ka mea hiki i nā maʻi niho ke hoʻopilikia i kou puʻuwai.
• Inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā ana e hāpai, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea ma mua. Pono e mālama ʻia ka hāpai ʻana me ka mālama kūikawā ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ACHD.

Āhea ʻoe e ʻike koke ai i ke kauka?

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​e kāhea koke i ka 911 a i ʻole e hele i ka haukapila kokoke loa. He mau hōʻailona paha kēia o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai:

• Ka paʻakikī koke a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana o ka hanu ʻana.
• Ka pehu koke ʻana ma ka ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​wāwae lalo.
• Luhi nui loa, ʻano ʻē me ke kumu ʻole.

Eia kekahi, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona hou e pili ana i ka ACHD, a inā ʻoe e hopohopo nei e pili ana i kahi hōʻailona e kū nei, e ʻike koke i ke kauka.

ʻO ka mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo mai kā mākou i kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā ...

ʻO ka Maʻi Puʻuwai Hānau o nā Mākua (ACHD) e pili ana i nā kīnā i ke ʻano o kou puʻuwai i loaʻa i ka wā hānau. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ke ʻano o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ma kou puʻuwai. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e like me ka luhi, nā leo puʻuwai kūpono ʻole, a me ka pōkole o ka hanu, a i ʻole ʻaʻohe ou hōʻailona iki.

Hiki i nā kauka ke mālama i kēia kūlana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā implants puʻuwai, a me ke ʻoki kino. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ACHD liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea pehea ka koʻikoʻi, he mea nui e ʻike pinepine i kahi cardiologist no nā nānā ʻana. E hoʻomanaʻo, he nui ka poʻe me ACHD e ola olakino, piha, a hana. No laila, mai hopohopo, e hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka, a mālama i kou puʻuwai!

ʻO ka maʻi puʻuwai, nā kīnā puʻuwai hānau, nā pākeke, puʻuwai, nā kīʻaha koko, nā kiwikā puʻuwai, nā hōʻailona, ​​​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau, ACHD, maʻi puʻuwai hānau, ʻoki puʻuwai