Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe he haʻahaʻa kou testosterone? E aʻo pono kākou e pili ana i kēia loli i ke kino kāne (Male Hypogonadism)!

Ke luhi nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa, makemake ʻole i kekahi mea, a i ʻole he nīnau liʻiliʻi kāu e pili ana i kekahi mau mea e pili ana i ke kāne? Malia paha ke kumu o kēia, ʻo ia ka emi ʻana o ka hormone testosterone i loko o kou kino. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia emi ʻana o nā pae testosterone , a i ʻole e like me ka kapa ʻana a nā kauka, he ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo Male Hypogonadism . Mai hopohopo, he mea kēia e hiki ke hana i nā poʻe he nui, a aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ia.

He aha ke ʻano o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka testosterone haʻahaʻa ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole lawa ka testosterone o kāu mau testicles (nā kelepa e hana ana i ka sperm i nā kāne). I ka pololei, ua hana ʻia kēia testosterone e nā pūnaewele Leydig i loko o nā testicles.

Hiki i kēia kūlana ke hōʻike me nā hōʻailona like ʻole i nā makahiki like ʻole. Eia kekahi, emi iki nā pae testosterone i ka wā e ʻelemakule ai nā kāne. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ma nā inoa ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana:

• ʻO ka maʻi hemahema Testosterone
• Ka hemahema o ka Testosterone
• ʻO ka hypogonadism mua
• ʻO ka hypogonadism lua

No ke aha he mea nui ka testosterone?

ʻO ka Testosterone ka hormone kāne koʻikoʻi loa. He mea nui ia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano kāne a me ka hana ʻana o ka sperm (spermatogenesis). ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā pae testosterone o nā kāne i loko o ko lākou kino ma mua o nā wahine.

Kōkua ʻo Testosterone i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia mau mea i loko o ke kino kāne:

• Nā ʻōpū wahine
• Ka nui o nā ʻiʻo
• He pae koko koko ʻulaʻula olakino
• Ka nui o ka iwi
• Ola kino maikaʻi
• Hana moekolohe a me ka hānau hou ʻana

ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻoponopono ko mākou kino i ka pae o ka testosterone i loko o ko mākou koko. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe i ke kakahiaka a emi mālie i ka hala ʻana o ka lā.

ʻO ka hypothalamus a me ka pituitary gland i loko o kou lolo e hoʻomalu i ka nui o ka testosterone a kāu mau testicles e hana ai a hoʻokuʻu.

Hoʻokuʻu ka hypothalamus i ka hormone hoʻokuʻu gonadotropin (GnRH) . Hōʻailona kēia i ka pituitary gland e hoʻokuʻu i ka luteinizing hormone (LH) . A laila hele ka LH i nā testicles e hoʻoulu i ka hana ʻana o ka testosterone. Hoʻokuʻu pū ka pituitary gland i ka follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) e kōkua i ka hana ʻana i ka sperm.

No laila, inā he pilikia me kāu mau testicles, hypothalamus, a i ʻole ka pituitary gland, e emi paha kāu mau pae testosterone.

He aha ka pae i manaʻo ʻia he "testosterone haʻahaʻa"?

Wahi a ka American Urology Association (AUA), ua manaʻo ʻia he haʻahaʻa ka pae testosterone koko o kahi pākeke inā ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 nanograms no ka deciliter (300 ng/dL).

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae loa kekahi poʻe noiʻi a me nā kauka i kēia manaʻo. Manaʻo kekahi he haʻahaʻa nā mea i emi ma mua o `250 ng/dL`. Eia nō naʻe, e noʻonoʻo pono nā kauka i kāu mau hōʻailona i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā he haʻahaʻa kāu testosterone.

ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o kēia emi ʻana o ka testosterone?

Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i nā kāne o kēlā me kēia makahiki, mai ka hānau ʻana a hiki i ka wā makua.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe e loaʻa i ka testosterone haʻahaʻa:

• No ka poʻe ʻelemakule
• No ka poʻe momona (momona loa)
• No nā poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i kāohi pono ʻole ʻia
• No ka poʻe me ka obstructive sleep apnea
• ʻO nā kānaka me nā maʻi mau loa e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa a me ka cirrhosis o ke akepaʻa
• No ka poʻe e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV/AIDS

Pehea ka maʻamau o kēia ʻano?

He mea paʻakikī i nā kānaka noiʻi ke haʻi pololei i ke ʻano maʻamau o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa, no ka mea, ua wehewehe like ʻole nā ​​​​​​haʻawina like ʻole i ka "testosterone haʻahaʻa".

Wahi a kekahi mau ʻikepili, hiki i ka 2% o nā kāne ke loaʻa i kēia maʻi. Hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe he haʻahaʻa nā pae testosterone ma mua o 8% o nā kāne ma waena o 50 a me 79 mau makahiki.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa?

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa nā hōʻailona o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa mai ke kanaka a ke kanaka, ʻoiai ma muli o ka makahiki.

Nā hōʻailona i nā kāne makua

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​aia ka nui o ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka testosterone haʻahaʻa:

• Ua emi ka makemake moekolohe
• ʻO ka hana ʻino ʻana o ka erectile
• Ka nalowale o ka lauoho ma nā armpits a me nā wahi pilikino
• Ka emi ʻana o ka testicle
• Nā ʻā wela
• Ka emi ʻana a i ʻole ka nele o ka helu sperm (Azoospermia), hiki ke pilikia i ka hāpai ʻana i nā keiki.

ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe paha:

• Kaumaha (maʻi naʻau)
• Ka paʻakikī i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka momona o ke kino
• Ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā umauma kāne (Gynecomastia)
• Ua emi ka ikaika a me ka nui o nā ʻiʻo
• Hoʻemi ʻia ke ahonui o ke kino

Nā hōʻailona i nā keiki (ma mua a i ka wā ʻōpio paha)

Inā emi iho ka pae testosterone o ke keikikāne ma mua a i ka wā ʻōpio paha, hiki iā ia ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me:

• Lohi ka ulu ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe, akā hiki i nā lālā ke ulu lōʻihi ʻole ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
• Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho ma kahi pilikino.
• Ka emi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o nā testicles a me nā testicles.
• Ua emi ka hohonu o ka leo.
• Ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika a me ke ahonui e pili ana i ka makahiki.

He aha nā kumu o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa?

Aia kekahi mau kumu e hiki ai ke hāʻule nā ​​​​pae testosterone. Hāʻule kēia kūlana i ʻelua mau ʻano nui:

1. Hypogonadism mua: Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia e kahi pilikia me nā testicles ponoʻī.

2. Hypogonadism lua: Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia e kahi hana pono ʻole o ka pituitary gland a i ʻole hypothalamus i loko o ka lolo.

Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau ʻano ʻelua e nā kumu hānau hou a i ʻole nā ​​​​kumu i loaʻa i kū ma hope (i ka wā kamaliʻi a i ʻole ka wā makua).

Nā kumu o ka hypogonadism mua

ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia ma kēia hihia, aia kahi pilikia me nā testicles, ka mea e pale ai iā lākou mai ka hana ʻana i ka testosterone maʻamau.

ʻO kekahi inoa no kēia ʻo ia ka hypergonadotropic hypogonadism . ʻO kēia ka wā e hana ai ka pituitary gland i nā hormones LH a me FSH (i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he gonadotropins) ma muli o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau, ke kiʻekiʻe kēia mau hormones, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā testicles e hana i nā testosterone a me nā sperm hou aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, inā ua hōʻino ʻia nā testicles (pinepine ma muli o ka chemotherapy no ka maʻi ʻaʻai) a inā ua nalowale nā ​​testicles, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pane i kēia mau gonadotropins i hoʻonui ʻia. ʻO ka hopena, he kakaikahi a ʻaʻohe testosterone a me ka sperm i hana ʻia.

I kekahi manawa i ka hypogonadism mua, hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā pae gonadotropin ʻoiai aia nā pae testosterone i loko o ka pae maʻamau. E wehewehe kāu loea i kēia iā ʻoe a inā pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoiai inā maʻamau ka testosterone.

Nā kumu hānau:

• ʻAʻohe o nā testicles i ka wā hānau (Anorchia)
• ʻO ka Cryptorchidism (ʻaʻole e iho nā testicles mai ka scrotum)
• Ka ulu piha ʻole ʻana o nā pūnaewele Leydig i loko o nā testicles (Leydig cell hypoplasia)
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻo Klinefelter (hānau ʻia nā kāne me kahi chromosome X keu ma kahi o XY - XXY)
• ʻO ka maʻi Noonan (kahi maʻi genetic kakaʻikahi, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka wā ʻōpiopio, nā testicles i iho ʻole i lalo, a i ʻole ka hānau ʻole ʻana)
• ʻO ka dystrophy myotonic (kahi hui o nā maʻi nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo i hoʻoilina ʻia)

Nā kumu i loaʻa:

• Ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana o nā testicles.
• Ka mumū ʻana o kekahi a i ʻole nā ​​testicle ʻelua (orchitis). Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kēia e kahi maʻi bacteria (e.g. nā maʻi i laha ma ke moekolohe), a i ʻole hiki ke hana ʻia e kahi maʻi viral e like me ka mumps.
• Ke hāʻawi nei i ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ka radiation therapy i nā testicles.
• Kekahi mau ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka steroid anabolic.

Nā kumu o ka hypogonadism lua

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hypogonadism lua e nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hana o ka hypothalamus a/a i ʻole ka pituitary gland. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia he "testosterone haʻahaʻa" no ka mea he haʻahaʻa nā pae o nā hormones `LH` a me `FSH` ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO kēia mau pae haʻahaʻa e hoʻemi ai i ka testosterone a me ka hana sperm.

Nā kumu hānau:

• ʻO ka hypogonadotropic hypogonadism i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (nā pae GnRH haʻahaʻa mai ka hānau ʻana)
• ʻO ka maʻi Kallmann (kahi maʻi genetic laha ʻole, ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻomohala i nā hunaola nerve i loko o ka hypothalamus e hana ana i ka GnRH. Hiki nō hoʻi ke nalowale ke ʻala)
• ʻO ka maʻi Prader-Willi (kahi maʻi maʻi genetic multi-system kakaʻikahi e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana o ka hypothalamus)

Nā kumu i loaʻa:

• ʻO ka Hypopituitarism (hiki ke hana ʻia e kahi puʻupuʻu pituitary (adenoma), ka maʻi, ka ʻeha, ka radiation therapy, a i ʻole ke ʻoki ʻana)
• Hyperprolactinemia (hoʻonui ʻia o ka hormone prolactin)
• Ka nui o ka hao i loko o ke kino (Hemochromatosis)
• ʻEha o ka lolo a i ʻole ke poʻo
• ʻO ka maʻi Cushing
• ʻO ka Cirrhosis o ke akepaʻa
• Ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa
• HIV/AIDS
• Ka maʻi hoʻohana ʻona
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes i kāohi pono ʻole ʻia
• Ka momona nui (ka momona loa)
• ʻO ka apnea hiamoe obstructive
• ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau (e like me ka estrogen, nā lāʻau hoʻololi-ʻano, metoclopramide, opioids, kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi kanesa prostate)

ʻO ka hypogonadism hoʻomaka hope (LOH) kahi ʻano hypogonadism lua e kū mai ana me ka ʻelemakule maʻamau. I ka wā e ʻelemakule ai nā kāne, emi iho ka hana testosterone a/a i ʻole ka sperm ma muli o ka hana hypothalamic-pituitary i hōʻino ʻia a me ka hana o nā cell Leydig.

He mea maʻamau ka LOH a me ka testosterone haʻahaʻa i waena o nā kāne me ka maʻi diabetes type 2, ke kaumaha nui, a/a i ʻole ka momona.

Ma kekahi noiʻi, he haʻahaʻa ka pae testosterone o 30% o nā kāne momona loa, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 6% wale nō o nā kāne kaumaha maʻamau. Ma kekahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe, he haʻahaʻa ka pae testosterone o 2 o 25% o nā kāne me ka maʻi diabetes type 2, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 13% wale nō o nā kāne me ka ʻole o ka maʻi diabetes.

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike pono ai inā he haʻahaʻa kāu testosterone?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa, e hana ke kauka i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino. E nīnau pū lākou iā ʻoe e pili ana i kou mōʻaukala olakino, nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai a i lawe paha, inā ʻoe e puhipaka, a me nā hōʻailona o kēia manawa. A laila e kauoha lākou i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua koko.

No ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻailona, ​​​​e noʻonoʻo ke kauka i kāu mau hōʻailona a me nā hopena o nā hoʻāʻo koko.

He aha ke ʻano o nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia?

Hiki i kēia mau hoʻokolohua ke kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka testosterone haʻahaʻa a loaʻa ke kumu:

• Hoʻāʻo koko pae testosterone holoʻokoʻa: ʻO ka maʻamau, pono kēia e lawe ʻia ʻelua mau hāpana koko ma waena o 8 a me 10 a.m., ʻo ia ka manawa e kiʻekiʻe loa ai nā pae testosterone. Pono ʻoe e haʻi i kāu kauka inā ua maʻi ʻoe a i ʻole ua hoʻōla hou ʻia mai kahi maʻi. I ka hanana o kahi pilikia, hiki ke haʻahaʻa wahaheʻe nā hopena.
• Hoʻāʻo koko Luteinizing hormone (LH): Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻoholo inā he pilikia me ka pituitary gland ke kumu o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa.
• Hoʻāʻo koko Prolactin: Hiki i nā pae prolactin kiʻekiʻe ke hōʻailona o kahi pilikia a i ʻole ka puʻupuʻu i loko o ka pituitary gland.

He aha ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka testosterone haʻahaʻa?

Hoʻōla nā kauka i ka testosterone haʻahaʻa me ka Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) . Aia kekahi mau ala e hana ai i kēia:

• ʻO ka Testosterone gel (i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili): Pono e hoʻopili ʻia kēia gel i kēlā me kēia lā i ka ʻili maʻemaʻe a maloʻo e like me ke kuhikuhi a kāu kauka. ʻO ka mea nui loa, mai hoʻokuʻu i ka gel e hoʻopili me kekahi ma o ka ʻili. ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
• Nā inikini testosterone intramuscular: Hiki iā ʻoe a i ʻole ke kauka ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kēia inikini i loko o kahi ʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia 1-2 pule. Aia kekahi mau inikini testosterone hana lōʻihi i hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēia 10 pule. Aia kekahi mau inikini subcutaneous i hāʻawi ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili.
• Pāpili Testosterone (pāpili ʻili): Pono e hoʻopili ʻia kēia pāpili i ka ʻili i kēlā me kēia lā e like me ke kuhikuhi a kāu kauka. Pono e hoʻololi pinepine ʻia kahi e hoʻopili ai e pale aku i nā hopena ʻili.
• Nā pellets Testosterone (subcutaneous): E hoʻokomo kekahi loea i kēia mau pellets ma lalo o ka ʻili no ʻekolu a ʻeono mahina. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi mahele paʻa o ka testosterone no kahi manawa lōʻihi.
• Nā papa testosterone Buccal: He mau papa pipili kēia i kau ʻia ma luna o nā ʻāʻī ʻelua i ka lā. Hoʻopili koke ʻia ka Testosterone i loko o ke koko ma o nā ʻāʻī.
• ʻO ka Testosterone nasal gel: Pono e hoʻopili ʻia kēia gel i nā puka ihu ʻelua i ʻekolu manawa i ka lā.
• ʻO ka testosterone waha: Hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻano testosterone i kapa ʻia ʻo undecanoate i nā kāne i loaʻa ka testosterone haʻahaʻa ma muli o kekahi mau kūlana olakino, e like me Klinefelter syndrome, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pūpū i hōʻino i ka pituitary gland.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau hoʻololi testosterone inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mōʻaukala o kekahi o kēia mau kūlana:

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate.
• He puʻupuʻu prostate i nānā ʻole ʻia. (Pono nā kānaka a pau e nānā i ko lākou prostate ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau testosterone.)
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.
• Ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai i kāohi ʻole ʻia.
• ʻO ka apnea hiamoe obstructive i mālama ʻole ʻia.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau hoʻololi testosterone?

Hiki ke kū mai kēia mau mea ma ke ʻano he hopena ʻaoʻao o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau:

• ʻIli ʻālohilohi a ʻili ʻaila paha.
• Pehu ʻana o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili iki ʻana o ka wai i loko o ke kino.
• Nā hōʻailona e like me ka paʻakikī o ka mimi ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka prostate.
• Ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka umauma a i ʻole ka ʻeha.
• Ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka apnea hiamoe.
• Nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.
• Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka testosterone i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻili ʻili a me ka mumū.

Nā loli i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā hōʻike hoʻokolohua:

• Hoʻonui ʻia ka antigen prostate-specific (PSA).
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka helu o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula.
• He haʻahaʻa ka helu sperm, e alakaʻi ana i ka hānau ʻole (hiki ʻole ke loaʻa keiki). He mea nui loa kēia no nā kāne ʻōpio e hoʻāʻo nei e loaʻa keiki.

Hiki ke pale ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka testosterone?

ʻAʻole ʻike nā kauka a me nā mea noiʻi i kahi ala e pale aku ai i ka emi ʻana o ka testosterone, inā paha ma muli o nā kumu genetic a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana i nā testicles, hypothalamus, a i ʻole ka pituitary gland.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia mau ʻano nohona ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā pae testosterone maʻamau:

• Ka ʻai ʻana i kahi meaʻai olakino.
• Hoʻoikaika kino.
• Ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kaumaha.
• E hōʻalo i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka waiʻona a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

He aha ka mea e hana inā haʻahaʻa kou testosterone? He aha kāu e manaʻo ai?

ʻAʻohe hopena hoʻokahi e kūpono i nā mea āpau no ka testosterone haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomau ʻana a me ka hoʻōla hoʻololi hormone kūpono, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kou makemake moe kolohe, hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona o ke kaumaha, a hoʻonui i kou ikehu. Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻonui i ka nui o nā ʻiʻo a me ka nui o ka iwi.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka make ʻana o nā kāne me ka hemahema o ka testosterone ma mua o nā kāne me nā pae testosterone maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo inā e hōʻemi ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā pae testosterone i nā pae maʻamau i kēia piʻi ʻana o ka make. Ke kālele nui nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻaʻole i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pae testosterone.

I nā hihia o ka hypogonadism congenital, kōkua pinepine ka testosterone replacement therapy i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka wā ʻōpiopio.

I ka manawa hea e ʻike ai ʻoe i ke kauka e pili ana i ka testosterone haʻahaʻa?

Inā ʻoe e lawe nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻololi hormone, he mea nui loa ia e ʻike pinepine i kāu kauka no nā hoʻokolohua kino.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa, e like me ka emi ʻana o ka makemake moe kolohe a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea wela, e kamaʻilio me ke kauka. E nānā ʻo ia iā ʻoe a kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua koko.

Inā ʻaʻole hōʻike kāu keiki i nā hōʻailona o ka wā ʻōpio ma ka piha ʻana o 14 mau makahiki, e kamaʻilio me kāna pediatrician.

Hoʻowahāwahā ka poʻe he nui i nā hōʻailona o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana maʻamau o ka ʻelemakule. Eia nō naʻe, inā he mau hōʻailona kou e hoʻopilikia nei i kou ʻano ola, he mea pono ke nānā aku. Inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i nā hōʻailona hoʻopilikia o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa, e ʻike i ke kauka e kūkākūkā i nā koho lapaʻau.

ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo mai kēia ʻatikala (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻO ka testosterone haʻahaʻa kahi maʻi e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā kāne. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻano pilikia kino a me ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻaʻole ia e makaʻu a hilahila paha e pili ana i ia mea, akā e ʻimi i ke aʻo lapaʻau. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona, ​​​​mai hoʻokuʻu iā lākou he ʻelemakule maʻamau.

Me ka ʻike kūpono a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono, hiki iā ʻoe ke ola i kahi ola ʻoluʻolu. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi, a loaʻa ke kōkua.

ʻO Testosterone, nā hormones kāne, hypogonadism, olakino moekolohe, ka lāʻau lapaʻau hormone, olakino kāne, nele i ka ikehu