Malia paha ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kuni, ka maʻi pepeiao, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī ʻeha a ua hele i ke kauka a ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi ʻano lāʻau 'penicillin'. Malia paha ua hāʻawi ʻia i kāu keiki kēia lāʻau. No laila, he aha kēia 'penicillin' a ka poʻe he nui ma ko kākou ʻāina e hoʻohana nei? He aha kāna hana maoli i ko kākou kino? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā mea āpau i kēia lā.
He aha ke ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Penicillin?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he papa lāʻau lapaʻau ka penicillin i kapa ʻia he antibiotics . ʻO nā antibiotics kahi ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau e hakakā a luku i nā maʻi bacteria i komo i loko o ko mākou kino. E noʻonoʻo i ka bacteria e like me kahi pūʻali koa ʻenemi i komo i loko o ko mākou kino. Ua like ʻo Penicillin me ko mākou pūʻali koa e hoʻouka ana i kēlā pūʻali koa ʻenemi.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe no kēia hui i kapa ʻia ʻo penicillin. Ua kapa pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea a pau he 'penicillins'. He hui liʻiliʻi kēia o ka ʻohana nui o nā antibiotics i kapa ʻia ʻo 'beta-lactams'.
Loaʻa iā mākou kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
- ʻAno waha: ʻO nā pila a i ʻole nā syrup a mākou e hoʻohana mau ai ma ka home.
- ʻAno intravenous (IV): Lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi pololei ʻia i loko o kahi aa koko e ke kauka a kahu maʻi paha ma kahi haukapila a keʻena lapaʻau paha.
He aha nā maʻi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka penicillin?
Ua kuhikuhi nā kauka i ka penicillin no nā maʻi like ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia maʻi ma mua. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o ia mea.
| Maʻi | He wehewehe maʻalahi |
|---|---|
| Nā maʻi ʻāʻī (Strep throat) | He maʻi bacteria e hōʻeha ai i ka ʻāʻī a me ka paʻakikī i ke ale ʻana. |
| Nā maʻi pepeiao (Otitis media) | He mea maʻamau nā maʻi pepeiao a me nā ʻeha pepeiao, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā keiki ʻōpio. |
| Nā Maʻi ʻAla Mimi (UTI) | He maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i nā hōʻailona e like me ka mumū o ka urethra a me ka mimi pinepine. |
| Pneumonia | He maʻi e hoʻopilikia ai i nā māmā, e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻū ʻana a me ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana. |
| Nā paila a me nā maʻi ʻili (nā maʻi Staph) | Nā mea e like me nā ʻōpū ʻili a me nā ʻeha pehu. |
| Nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe | Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia no nā kūlana e like me ka meningitis, Salmonella, syphilis, gonorrhea, a me nā maʻi niho. |
Aia kekahi mau ʻano penicillin?
ʻAe, aia kekahi mau ʻano nui o ka penicillin. Hana ʻia kēia mahele ma muli o ke ʻano o kā lākou hana ʻana a me nā ʻano bacteria hiki iā lākou ke pepehi.
1. Nā Penicillins Kūlohelohe
ʻAʻole kēia i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. Ua ʻike mua ʻia lākou i loko o kahi ʻano ʻōpala i loaʻa i ke kaiapuni. Hoʻokaʻawale wale nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka penicillin mai kēlā ʻōpala a hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO Penicillin G (hāʻawi ʻia ma ke kino) a me Penicillin V (lawe ʻia ma ka waha) nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano.
2. Nā Penicillins Semi-synthetic
Hana ʻia kēia mau mea ma ka lawe ʻana i ka penicillin kūlohelohe a hoʻololi iā ia i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e hoʻoikaika a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kūʻē i kahi ākea o nā bacteria. Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe:
- ʻAminopenicillins: ʻO kēia nā mea i ʻike nui ʻia i waena o mākou. Ua lohe paha ʻoe iā Amoxicillin a me Ampicillin . Kuhikuhi nā kauka i kēia mau mea no nā maʻi maʻamau he nui, e like me nā maʻi pepeiao a me nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi.
- ʻO nā penicillins i kū'ē i ka penicillinase: Hoʻopuka kekahi mau bacteria i kahi enzyme (penicillinase) e luku ai i ka penicillin. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia ʻano e pale i kēlā enzyme mai ka luku ʻana iā ia. No kēia hui nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me 'Nafcillin' a me 'oxacillin'.
- ʻO nā penicillins ākea-hoʻonui ʻia: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea e mālama i nā maʻi bacteria koʻikoʻi e paʻakikī ke mālama. ʻO 'Piperacillin' kekahi o ia mau lāʻau.
3. Nā Penicillins i hui pū ʻia
I kekahi manawa, hāʻawi ʻia ka penicillin me ka hui pū ʻana me kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia no ka mea, hoʻomohala kekahi mau bacteria i nā ʻano pale kūʻē i ka penicillin. Hoʻohui ʻia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau e wāwahi i kēlā mau ʻano pale. Ua hāʻawi ʻia paha ʻoe i kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo Augmentin® (kahi hui pū ʻana o amoxicillin a me ka clavulanic acid). He lāʻau lapaʻau hui pū ʻia.
Pehea e hana ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke kino?
He mea maʻalahi loa ia. Hele pololei ka penicillin i ka paia o ke kelepona o ka bacteria a hoʻopili iā ia iho. E noʻonoʻo i ka bacteria e like me kahi hale i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā paia. ʻO ka mea a ka penicillin e hana ai, ʻo ia ka hōʻino ʻana i kēlā paia. E like me ke komo ʻana o kekahi mea i loko o ka hale ke haki ka paia, ke hōʻino ʻia ka paia o ke kelepona, ʻaʻole hiki i ka bacteria ke ola a ua luku ʻia.
Akā, aia kahi pilikia liʻiliʻi ma ʻaneʻi. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua aʻo kekahi mau bacteria e kūʻē i kēia hoʻouka ʻana o ka penicillin. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua loaʻa iā lākou nā ala e pakele ai i ka wā e hiki mai ai ka lāʻau. Kāhea mākou i kēia he kūʻē ʻana i ka antibiotic . He pilikia olakino nui kēia. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano bacteria, e like me ka 'MRSA', he kūpaʻa i nā ʻano penicillin he nui, e paʻakikī loa ai ke ho'ōla i kēlā mau maʻi.
He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao e hiki ke loaʻa mai ka penicillin?
E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, hiki i ka penicillin ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau. ʻO nā mea maʻamau:
- Ka luaʻi
- Ka luaʻi ʻana
- Ka maʻi pākī
- ʻŌhū ʻili
- Ka loli ʻana o ka ʻono a i ʻole ke ʻala o ka meaʻai
- ʻEha poʻo
ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka meaʻai hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā mea e like me ka nausea. Akā inā hoʻopilikia nā hopena ʻaoʻao iā ʻoe, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka .
He aha nā pilikia e makaʻala nui ai?
ʻEkolu mau mea e pono ai mākou e makaʻala nui i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka penicillin.
1. Nā hopena maʻi ʻaleka
ʻO kēia ka pilikia koʻikoʻi loa. ʻOiai he nui ka poʻe e ʻōlelo nei he maʻi lākou i ka penicillin, he kakaikahi ka poʻe i loaʻa i kēlā ʻano maʻi. Akā inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi, hiki ke lilo i mea weliweli. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona e like me ka luaʻi ʻana, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, kahi ʻulaʻula e pālahalaha ana ma kou kino holoʻokoʻa, a me ka pehu ʻana o ka maka , hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o kahi maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi. I kēlā hihia, e hele koke i ka lumi pilikia o ka haukapila kokoke loa (ETU).
2. Maʻi C. diff
He mea ʻē paha kēia. Ke lawe mākou i nā lāʻau antibiotic, hiki i nā bacteria maikaʻi i loko o ko mākou ʻōpū ke make. ʻAe kēia i kahi bacteria ʻino i kapa ʻia ʻo Clostridium difficile (C. diff) e ulu me ka ʻole o ke kaohi. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka maʻi diarrhea nui, ka ʻeha ʻōpū nui, a me ke kuni . He maʻi koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi kēia. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diarrhea nui i ka wā e lawe ana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, e ʻike koke i ke kauka.
3. Ke kū'ē ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau
E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, he pilikia nui kēia. Inā lawe mākou i nā lāʻau antibiotic i ka wā ʻaʻole pono (no ka laʻana, no ka maʻi kuni viral), a inā hoʻōki mākou i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau ma mua o ke kau ʻana o ke kauka, loaʻa i ka bacteria kahi manawa e hoʻomohala ai i ke kūʻē i ka lāʻau.
He mea nui loa: ʻOiai inā ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka no ka helu piha o nā lā. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana, hiki i ka bacteria i waiho ʻia i loko o kou kino ke lilo i mea ikaika a hoʻihoʻi mai i ka maʻi. ʻAʻole paha e hana ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa aʻe.
He aha nā manawa kūpono loa e ʻike ai i ke kauka?
He mea nui loa e hoʻomaopopo a ʻike paha i kāu kauka i nā hihia aʻe.
| Manawa kūpono | He aha e hana ai |
|---|---|
| Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau | E noi i kāu kauka e hōʻoia pono. |
| Inā paʻakikī ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o nā hopena ʻaoʻao | E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka lāʻau. E hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ʻoe i kahi koho ʻē aʻe. |
| Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diarrhea nui | Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi kahe wai i nā manawa he nui i ka lā a i ʻole he mau hōʻailona o ka make wai (lehelehe maloʻo, maka piholo), e hele koke i ka haukapila. |
| Inā ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona allergy | Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e like me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, ka luaʻi ʻana, a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana o ka maka , e hele koke i ka ʻOihana Pilikia (ETU) o ka haukapila. |
Leka Lawe-Home
- He lāʻau antibiotic koʻikoʻi loa ka Penicillin i hāʻawi ʻia no nā maʻi bacteria. ʻAʻole ia e hana no nā maʻi viral (e like me ke anu maʻamau).
- E hoʻohana i ka nui pololei o ka lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka no ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka lāʻau. Mai ho'ōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau inā ʻoe e manaʻo nei ua maikaʻi aʻe.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi ʻano ʻoluʻolu ʻole, e like me ka nausea, i ka wā e lawe ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e lawe pū me ka meaʻai. Inā hoʻomau ka pilikia, e haʻi i kāu kauka.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona maʻi ʻaleka koʻikoʻi e like me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, ka pehu ʻana o ka maka, a i ʻole ka hives, e hele koke i ka haukapila.
- Mai hoʻohana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i koe mai kahi maʻi ma mua no kahi maʻi ʻē aʻe me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana a ke kauka.
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