Pehea ka hopena o ka Rh factor i loko o kou koko i ka hāpai ʻana? E ʻike kākou!

Inā he makuahine hāpai ʻoe, a inā paha e hāpai ana ʻoe i kahi pēpē, ua lohe paha ʻoe e pili ana i nā hoʻāʻo koko he nui a kāu kauka e hana ai i kāu nānā mua ʻana. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui loa o kēia mau mea, ʻo ia ka nānā ʻana i ka Rh factor. He mea huikau iki paha kēia a he mea hou iā ʻoe. Akā, mai hopohopo , i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka Rh factor a pehea kona koʻikoʻi iā ʻoe a me kāu pēpē ma ke ʻano maʻalahi a maopopo hoʻi.

He aha ka Rh factor? E hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi kākou!

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka Rh factor kahi protein kūikawā ma luna o ka ʻili o kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. He mea ia āu e hoʻoilina ai mai kou mau mākua mai, e like me kou kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kala o ka ʻili.

• Inā loaʻa kēia protein i loko o kou mau ʻula koko ʻulaʻula, he Rh-positive ʻoe.
• Inā ʻaʻohe ou protein i loko o kou mau ʻula koko ʻulaʻula, he Rh-negative ʻoe.

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ma ka honua, ma kahi o 85 pakeneka (85%) o lākou, he Rh-positive . No laila, inā he Rh-positive ʻoe, ʻo ia ke kūlana maʻamau.

Ua ʻike mākou a pau e pili ana i ko mākou mau ʻano koko. ʻEkolu mau ʻano koko nui: A, B, AB, a me O. ʻO kēia mau ʻano koko he "maikaʻi (+)" a i ʻole "maikaʻi ʻole (-)" ma muli o kāu kumu Rh. No ka laʻana, inā ʻo A kou ʻano koko a he maikaʻi kāu kumu Rh, ʻo "A maikaʻi" kou ʻano koko. A pēlā aku:

• He Maikaʻi ʻole
• B Maikaʻi
• B Maikaʻi ʻole
• ʻO Maikaʻi
• ʻO Maikaʻi ʻole
• AB Maikaʻi
• AB Maikaʻi ʻole

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia kāu kumu Rh i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i kekahi pilikia. He ʻano wale nō ia o kou koko.

No ke aha he mea nui ka Rh factor i ka wā hāpai?

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe hopena o kāu kumu Rh i kou ola maʻamau, pono ʻoe e hopohopo no kēia inā ʻoe e hāpai ana, ʻoiai inā he Rh-negative ʻoe .

Eia ka mea e hana ʻia:

E noʻonoʻo, he makuahine Rh-negative ʻoe (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ou protein kūikawā i loko o kou koko). Eia nō naʻe, inā he Rh-positive ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū (ʻo ia hoʻi, aia kēlā protein i loko o ke koko o ka pēpē, i hoʻoilina ʻia mai ka makuakāne), a laila hiki ke kū mai kahi pilikia liʻiliʻi. Kāhea mākou i kēia Rh incompatibility .

I kēia manawa, ʻike paha ka ʻōnaehana pale o ka makuahine i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula Rh-positive o ka pēpē he "haole." E like me kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e hakakā nei i kahi germ ke komo i loko o ko mākou kino, hoʻomaka ke kino o ka makuahine e hana i nā antibodies e kūʻē i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula o ka pēpē. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ʻo Rh sensitization .

Akā, mai hopohopo! He mau lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi ko ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou e pale aku ai i kēia maʻi.E hāʻawi kāu kauka iā ʻoe i kahi pana i kapa ʻia ʻo "immune globulin" e hoʻōki i kēia pilikia.

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Pehea e hui pū ai ke koko o ka makuahine a me ke keiki?

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole hui pololei ke koko o ka makuahine a me ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū i ka wā hāpai. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau hihia kūikawā, hiki i kahi liʻiliʻi loa o ke koko o ka pēpē ke hui pū me ke koko o ka makuahine. ʻO ia mau hihia:

• I ka wā hānau keiki: Hiki ke hānau ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana vaginal a i ʻole he cesarean.
• ʻO kekahi mau hoʻokolohua kūikawā i hana ʻia i ka wā hāpai: no ka laʻana, nā hoʻokolohua e like me ka "amniocentesis" (ka nānā ʻana i ka wai amniotic) a i ʻole ka "chorionic villus sampling - CVS" (ka nānā ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka placenta).
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kahe koko ʻana o ka ʻōpū i ka wā hāpai.
• Inā he ulia pōpilikia nui a ʻeha paha i ka ʻōpū.
• I ka hanana o kahi pilikia i ka wā hāpai mua, e like me ka hāʻule ʻana a i ʻole ka hāpai ʻana o ka ectopic.
• Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo "external cephalic version (ECV)", kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohuli i kahi pēpē he breech.

Āhea ka pēpē i ka pilikia?

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻohe pilikia nui o ka pēpē i ka wā hāpai mua o kahi makuahine Rh-negative. ʻO ke kumu o kēia, ʻo ke koko o ka makuahine ka mea e hui pū me ke koko o ka pēpē i ka wā hānau. No laila, inā hoʻomaka kēlā mau antibodies e hana, ua hānau mua ʻia ke pēpē i kēlā manawa. Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻāʻo kāu kauka i ka Rh factor ʻoiai inā ʻo kou hāpai mua ʻana.

Hiki ke kū mai ka pilikia inā hāpai ʻoe no ka lua o ka manawa a he Rh-positive nō hoʻi ka pēpē. ʻO kēia no ka mea he mau antibodies paha kāu i hana ai ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāu pēpē mua. A laila, hiki i kēlā mau antibodies ke hele i ka placenta a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula Rh-positive o ka pēpē ʻelua. Ua kapa ʻia kēia maʻi he maʻi Rh . Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea weliweli loa no ka pēpē, a hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola .

ʻO wai ka poʻe e pilikia ana i ka kūlike ʻole o Rh?

Hiki mai kēia pilikia ke hāpai kahi makuahine Rh-negative i kahi pēpē Rh-positive . Hoʻoholo ʻia ka Rh factor o ke pēpē e nā genes i hoʻoilina ʻia mai ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne.

• Inā he Rh-negative (-) ka makuahine a he Rh-positive (+) ka makuakāne:
• Hiki i ke pēpē ke Rh-positive (+) (a laila aia kahi pilikia o ka kūlike ʻole).
• Hiki i ke pēpē ke Rh-negative (-) (i kēlā hihia ʻaʻohe pilikia).
• Inā he Rh-negative (-) ka makuahine a he Rh-negative (-) hoʻi ka makuakāne:
• E mau ana ka Rh-negative (-) o ke pēpē. No laila, ʻaʻohe pilikia.
• Inā he Rh-positive ka makuahine (+):
• Inā paha he Rh-positive (+) a i ʻole Rh-negative (-) ka makuakāne, ʻaʻole e ʻike ka pēpē i kekahi kūlike ʻole ma muli o ka Rh factor o ka makuahine, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hana ke kino o ka makuahine i nā antibodies e kūʻē i kēlā protein "haole".

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka Rh factor? (Hoʻāʻo Rh factor)

He mea maʻalahi loa kēia. Ke hāpai ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kāu kumu Rh me kahi hoʻāʻo koko maʻalahi (ʻano a me ka nānā ʻana) i kāu hālāwai mua ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana. He mea nui loa kēia. No ka mea, inā he Rh-negative ʻoe a he Rh-positive ka pēpē, hiki ke kū mai kēlā ʻano Rh incompatibility a mākou i kamaʻilio ai.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai a pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka pilikia Rh?

Ke hāpai ʻoe, e nānā mua kāu kauka hānau inā he Rh-negative ʻoe.

• Inā ʻoe he Rh-positive: ʻAʻohe pilikia. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e hana ai.
• Inā he Rh-negative ʻoe a he maikaʻi ʻole kāu pale ʻana i ka antibody: E hāʻawi kāu kauka iā ʻoe i kahi pana o ka Rh immune globulin (i kapa ʻia ʻo RhoGAM®) . Hāʻawi ʻia kēia e pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kēlā mau antibodies.
• Hoʻokahi manawa ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o kēia lāʻau pale , ma kahi o 28 pule o ka hāpai ʻana.
• Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mahele lāʻau i loko o 72 mau hola o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē (inā wale nō he Rh-positive ka pēpē).
• I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai i ka wā mua o ka hāpai ʻana (no ka laʻana, inā he koko kou), inā manaʻo ke kauka ua hui pū ʻia kou koko a me ke koko o kāu pēpē, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia lāʻau pale.

Hana kēia lāʻau pale (RhoGAM®) e like me ka pale pale . Hoʻōki ia i kou kino mai ka hana ʻana i kēlā mau antibodies weliweli. He kūpono loa kēia lāʻau pale i ka mālama ʻana i ka Rh incompatibility. No laila, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i kēia maʻi i ka wā mua o ka hāpai ʻana ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.

Eia nō naʻe, inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe nā antibodies Rh (antibody screen positive), ʻaʻole e kōkua ka lāʻau pale RhoGAM®. I kēlā hihia, e nānā pono nā kauka iā ʻoe a me kāu pēpē i kou wā hāpai. Ma muli o ke kūlana o ka pēpē, hiki i nā kauka ke hoʻoholo e hānau koke i ka pēpē.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki mai ana ma muli o ka hewa Rh?

ʻAʻole pili ka Rh incompatibility i ka makuahine hāpai . Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ia ke pili i ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke kumu nui he maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka anemia hemolytic . I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ua luku ʻia nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula o ka pēpē ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana.

Hiki i nā hopena ke ʻano like ʻole mai ka liʻiliʻi a i ka koʻikoʻi loa. Hoʻokomo pū lākou:

• Jaundice: Melemele o ka ʻili a me nā maka.
• Ka hemahema o ke akepaʻa .
• Ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai .
• Hānau make

Eia nō naʻe, i ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole pono nā pēpē me nā hopena iki o ka maʻi Rh i ka mālama kūikawā . Hoʻōla piha kēlā mau pēpē.

I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻo ke keikiPono paha ka hoʻoili koko. ʻO ia hoʻi ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko hou i ka pēpē. Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā pēpē me ka jaundice ma lalo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau kukui kūikawā (phototherapy) e hoʻemi i ka pae o ka bilirubin, ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ke kala melemele. Pono paha e hānau koke ʻia ka pēpē e pale aku i ka anemia koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, mai ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ka lāʻau pale Rh immune globulin, ua emi nui ka nui o ka maʻi Rh.

He aha ka mea e hana ai inā pau nā antibodies?

Inā pau nā antibodies i ke kino o ka makuahine Rh-negative, ʻaʻole e holo pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka lāʻau pale (Rh immune globulin). ʻO ia ke kumu a mākou e ʻōlelo nei he mea nui e ʻike i kāu Rh factor a loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā hikiwawe loa.

Hiki ke pale ʻia ka Rh incompatibility?

ʻOiai he kumu hoʻoilina ka Rh factor, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke koho i ke ʻano Rh e loaʻa i kā mākou pēpē. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i kēia pilikia, ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana o ka makuahine i kāna Rh factor a, inā pono, e loaʻa i ka lāʻau pale (RhoGAM®) i ka manawa kūpono.

Pehea ka hopena o kēia i kahi makuahine Rh-negative? (ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea āu e pono ai e ʻike - Leka Lawe-Home)

Inā he makuahine Rh-negative ʻoe, he mea nui loa ia e makaʻala i kēia mau mea.

Mai hopohopo! ʻOiai inā he Rh-negative ʻoe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau pale (RhIg) ma hope o kēlā me kēia pilikia i ke koko Rh-positive (e.g., hānau keiki, kekahi mau hoʻokolohua), hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi nui i ka pilikia o kāu pēpē e loaʻa ana i ka maʻi Rh. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka Rh incompatibility ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ke olakino o kāu pēpē, ʻaʻole i kou.

Ma ka ʻike ʻana i kāu kumu Rh i ka wā mua, hiki i kāu kauka ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka lāʻau pale "RhIg" i ka manawa kūpono. ʻO ia ke ala maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i ke olakino o kāu pēpē.

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kou kūlana Rh i ka wā hāpai (a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua) hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻāʻo i kou koko i ka wā mua o kou hāpai ʻana e hoʻoholo ai inā he Rh-positive a Rh-negative paha ʻoe. ʻO ka Rh incompatibility he pilikia wale nō inā he Rh-negative ʻoe a he Rh-positive kāu pēpē. Hiki i kāu kauka ke mālama i kēia ma ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i kahi pana o Rh immune globulin (RhIg).

No laila, mai makaʻu a hopohopo paha. E mālama pono kāu kauka iā ʻoe a me kāu pēpē, a e hāʻawi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau e pono ai. ʻO kāu wale nō e hana ai, ʻo ia ke hahai pololei i nā kuhikuhi a ke kauka a hele i nā nānā pinepine. A laila e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi manawa kūpono e loaʻa ai kahi pēpē olakino!

ʻO ke kumu Rh, kumu Rhesus, hāpai keiki, ʻano koko, Rh maikaʻi ʻole, Rh maikaʻi ʻole, Rh incompatibility, antibodies, RhoGAM, pēpē