Hoʻomanaʻo mākou a pau e hoʻopili i ka 'Sunscreen' i ko mākou maka a me nā lima ke hele mākou i waho i ka lā, akā ke noʻonoʻo nui nei mākou i ko mākou mau pepeiao? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka pepeiao kahi wahi i hōʻike nui ʻia i ka lā, akā poina pinepine mākou iā ia. No laila i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻili e kū mai ana i loko o ka pepeiao, ʻo ia hoʻi ka `(Skin Cancer on Ear)`. ʻOiai he kumuhana weliweli iki kēia, inā hoʻomaopopo pono ʻia mākou, hiki iā mākou ke pale iā mākou iho mai kēia ʻano a ʻike koke iā ia.
He aha ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻili ma ka pepeiao? I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi...
ʻO ka maʻi ʻili ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā ʻāpana o kou ʻili e ulu ma ke ʻano ʻē a ma waho o ke kaohi. I ka pololei, ua hana ʻia ko mākou ʻili me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Māhele maʻamau kēia mau ʻāpana, a hana ʻia nā ʻāpana hou i ka wā e make ai nā ʻāpana kahiko. Akā i kekahi manawa hele hewa kēia kaʻina hana, a hoʻomaka nā ʻāpana e māhele wikiwiki loa. ʻO ia ka manawa e kū mai ai ka maʻi ʻili.
Hoʻomaka pinepine kēia ma ka ʻāpana o ka pepeiao i ʻike ʻia mai waho , e like me ka earlobe. ʻOiai paha e hoʻomaka ia ma ke ʻano he loli liʻiliʻi i ka wā mua, inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia, hiki i kēia mau hunaola kanesa ke laha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino . Kāhea mākou iā ia he '(Metastatic Cancer)'. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e makaʻala i kēia.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi pepeiao? Pehea mākou e ʻike ai?
ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi ʻili ma ka pepeiao, ʻo ia ka loli o ke ʻano o ka ʻili i hōʻike ʻia ma kou pepeiao. ʻAʻole paha e ʻike koke ʻia kēia mau loli, akā e makaʻala i kēia mau mea:
- Me he mea lā e loli koke ana ke ʻano o kahi kiko a i ʻole kahi kiko ?
- Aia kekahi loli i ke kala o ka ʻili ma kou pepeiao? Hiki ke ʻeleʻele, poni, a ʻeleʻele paha.
- Aia kahi ʻāpana maneʻo mau a kahe paha ke koko ma kou pepeiao?
- Ke nānā aku nei ia me he puʻu ʻulaʻula , me kahi ʻili lahilahi a ʻāpiki iki?
- Ke ʻike nei ʻoe i kahi pehu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kahi puʻupuʻu ʻālohilohi ?
- He ʻeha kou i ho'ōla ʻole ʻia ma hope o ʻehā pule ?
- Ua ʻike ʻia anei kekahi wahi hou , e like me kahi ʻōpala kahiko, i like me ka melemele a keʻokeʻo paha ?
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mea e like me kēia, pono ʻoe e akahele iki.
E ʻike kākou i nā loli o ka ʻili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lula ABCDE!
He ʻano maʻalahi kēia lula `ABCDE` i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā loli i nā kiko ʻili a i ʻole nā warts. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia e nānā i nā loli i ka ʻili ma nā wahi āpau o ke kino, ʻaʻole wale nā pepeiao.
- A - Asymmetry: ʻO ke ʻano kēia ʻaʻole like ke kiko a i ʻole ka lesion. Inā ʻoe e ʻoki iā ia i ka hapalua, me he mea lā ʻaʻole like nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
- B - Palena: ʻAʻole maopopo ka palena o ke kiko? Ke nānā aku nei he blurry a i ʻole ua kīkoʻo ʻia?
- C - Waihoʻoluʻu: He nui nā kala o ka wahi ma kahi o hoʻokahi wale nō? (e.g. ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo)
- D - Ke Anawaena: ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kiko ma mua o ka nui o ka mea holoi penikala (ma kahi o 6 millimeters)?
- E - Evolution (loli/hoʻololi): Ke nui aʻe nei ka mole i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa? Ke loli nei ke ʻano, ke kala, a i ʻole ka nui?
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona 'ABCDE' ma kahi kiko a ʻeha paha ma kou pepeiao, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke ʻike i ke kauka a e nānā iā ia.
No ke aha e loaʻa ai iā kākou ka maʻi ʻili ma ko kākou mau pepeiao? He aha nā kumu?
ʻO ke kumu nui a maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻili i loko o ka pepeiao, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kukuna ultraviolet ʻino (kukui UV) mai ka lā . E noʻonoʻo i ka nui o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ko kākou mau pepeiao i ka lā ke hele mākou i waho i ka lā. Hiki i kēia mau kukuna 'UV' ke hōʻino i ka 'DNA' i loko o ko kākou mau ʻili. Ke hōʻino ʻia kēia 'DNA', hoʻomaka nā ʻili e hana ma ke ʻano ʻē, ma ke ʻano 'Malignant'. Māhele koke kēia mau ʻili i hōʻino ʻia a hui pū e hana i kahi 'Mass of cancer cells'.
ʻAʻole wale ia, ʻo ka hoʻopili mau ʻana me kekahi mau kemika (e like me ke kēpau, nā mea i hana ʻia i ka lanahu) hiki ke hana i ka maʻi ʻili i loko o ka pepeiao.
He aha nā mea e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻili i loko o ka pepeiao?
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka lā i hōʻike ʻia i ko mākou poʻo, ka maka, a me nā pepeiao ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ko mākou kino. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o nā ʻili ʻili e nā kukuna UV. ʻOi loa aku inā ua puhi ʻoe i ka lā a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻili .
Aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻili i loko o ka pepeiao:
Nā ʻano kino:
- He gula a ʻulaʻula paha ka lauoho, he keʻokeʻo a he mau freckles paha ka ʻili , a he māmā ke kala o nā maka .
- He nui nā warts a i ʻole nā kiko ʻano ʻē ma ke kino.
- Loaʻa ka ʻano maʻalahi o ka ʻā ʻana o ka lā a/a i ʻole ua loaʻa mua nā ʻā ʻana o ka lā.
ʻOhana a me ka mōʻaukala lapaʻau:
- Inā ua loaʻa kekahi o kou ʻohana i ka maʻi ʻili .
- Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻoili kino .
- Inā ʻoe e loaʻa ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau UV no nā kūlana e like me ka eczema a i ʻole psoriasis.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Actinic Keratosis' (nā kiko ʻāʻī, unahi, poni ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili ma mua o ke kanesa).
- Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale .
Ka nohona:
- ʻO kekahi e hoʻolilo pinepine i ka manawa ma waho i ka lā . Eia kekahi laʻana, he mahiʻai e hana ana ma nā mahina ʻai, kekahi e hana ana ma ke alanui, kekahi e pāʻani ana i nā haʻuki ma waho, a i ʻole kekahi e makemake wale e hoʻomaha i ka lā.
- Inā ʻoe e noho ana ma kahi lā a i ʻole kahi kiʻekiʻe .
- Inā ʻoe e ʻili i ka ʻili ma waho a hoʻohana paha i nā moena ʻili .
Inā pili kēia mau manaʻo iā ʻoe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke akahele iki.
Pehea e ʻike ai ke kauka i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili ma ka pepeiao?
Inā kānalua ʻoe he maʻi ʻili kou ma kou pepeiao, penei lākou e ʻike ai i ke kauka:
1. Hoʻokolohua kino:ʻO ka mea mua, e nānā pono ke kauka i waho o kou pepeiao no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻili. E nīnau lākou iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā loli hou i ka ʻili ma kou pepeiao.
2. Biopsy: Inā kānalua ke kauka i ka maʻi kanesa, e hana lākou i kahi biopsy. ʻO ia hoʻi ke lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili mai kahi i ʻike ʻia he ʻano ʻē a hoʻouna iā ia i kahi lab. Ma laila, e nānā kahi pathologist iā ia ma lalo o kahi microscope e ʻike inā he mau hunaola kanesa.
3. Nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi: Inā hōʻoia ka biopsy i ka maʻi kanesa, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i kahi MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) a i ʻole CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) e ʻike inā ua pālahalaha ke kanesa. Kōkua kēia mau hoʻāʻo kiʻi i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kahua o ke kanesa a kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau.
E hoʻomanaʻo, inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi wahi ʻē a i ʻole kahi ʻeha i loko o kou pepeiao no kekahi kumu, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia. He mea naʻauao ke ʻike koke i ke kauka.
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili ma ka pepeiao?
ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili ma ka pepeiao, ʻo ia ka pepehi ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa me ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻiʻo olakino e like me ka hiki . E hoʻomohala kāu hui lapaʻau i kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau e pili ana i ke kahua o kou kanesa (nā pae 0 a i IV). ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kahua o ke kanesa, ʻo ka nui o ka laha ʻana.
I ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻili mua (`low-stage`), hiki ke wehe loa ʻia me kahi ``biopsy``. Aia kekahi mau ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e wehe i ka maʻi ʻili:
- ʻO ke ʻoki ʻoki ʻana: Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻohana ke kauka ʻoki i kahi scalpel ʻoi a i ʻole kahi pahi ʻumiʻumi e ʻoki ai i ka wahi kanesa a me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili olakino a puni. Hana ʻia kēia e hōʻoia i ka wehe ʻia ʻana o nā hunaola kanesa āpau.
- Curettage a me ka electrodesiccation: Ma kēia ʻano hana, hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea ʻoi, poepoe ke ʻano e kahakaha ai i ke kanesa. A laila, hoʻohana ʻia kahi nila uila e luku i nā hunaola kanesa i koe.
- ʻO ke ʻoki kino Mohs: Ma ke ʻoki kino Mohs, wehe mua ke kauka i nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia a hāpai ʻia o ke kanesa a nānā iā lākou ma lalo o kahi microscope. A laila, wehe ʻia nā hunaola kanesa i koe ma ka papa. Hana ʻia kēia a hiki i ka pau ʻana o nā hunaola kanesa e ʻike ʻia. ʻAe kēia i ka nui o ka ʻili olakino e like me ka hiki ke mālama ʻia.
Aia kekahi mau koho lapaʻau ʻē aʻe me ke ʻoki ʻole ʻana?
ʻAe, ma waho aʻe o ke ʻoki kino, aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai pepeiao. ʻO kekahi o lākou:
- Chemotherapy: Ke hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa.
- Cryotherapy: Ke hoʻohana nei i ke anu nui e luku i nā hunaola kanesa.
- Hoʻōla lāʻau pale:Ke hoʻoulu nei i ka ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī o ke kino e hakakā i nā hunaola kanesa.
- Photodynamic therapy: Ke luku ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā a me ka mālamalama.
- Lapaʻau radiation: Ke luku ʻana i nā hunaola kanesa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukuna ikehu kiʻekiʻe.
Na kāu hui lapaʻau e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano lapaʻau kūpono loa iā ʻoe.
Hiki i ka maʻi ʻili pepeiao ke laha i ka lolo?
ʻAe, hiki ke hana. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia a mālama pono ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai pepeiao, hiki iā ia ke ulu a laha. Inā komo nā hunaola kanesa i loko o ke koko a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic, hiki iā lākou ke hele i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, ʻoiai ka lolo . No laila he mea nui ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana.
Hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia ke kanesa pepeiao?
ʻAe, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō! ʻOi loa aku inā ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili o ka pepeiao i ka wā mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi 'pae haʻahaʻa', kiʻekiʻe loa ka manawa e holomua ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau . I ka hapa nui o nā hihia, hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai, pili ka holomua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi a me ka mamao o kona laha ʻana.
Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale aku i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili ma ka pepeiao?
"ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻōla ʻana," wahi a lākou. No laila, aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā mākou ke hana e pale aku ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai pepeiao:
1. Mai poina i ka sunscreen: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sunscreen ākea hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e nā kukuna UV. Akā, poina ka poʻe he nui e hoʻopili i ka sunscreen i ko lākou maka a me nā lima, a me ko lākou mau pepeiao. E hoʻopili pū i ka sunscreen i kou mau pepeiao . Mai poina e hoʻopili i ka sunscreen i kēlā me kēia manawa āu e hele ai i waho, ʻoiai i ka lā ao.
2. E pale i nā kukuna 'UV': E noho i kahi malu maikaʻi i nā manawa hiki. Mai noho i ka lā me ke kumu ʻole. E hoʻōki loa i ka ʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā 'moena ʻili'. Inā hiki, e hoʻohana i kahi mea e like me ka pāpale ākea a i ʻole ka umbrella.
3. E nānā pinepine i kou mau pepeiao: He mea paʻakikī ke ʻike i ka ʻili o kou mau pepeiao e mākou iho. No laila, e hoʻohana i ke kāmela o kāu kelepona a i ʻole e noi i kekahi ma ka home e nānā pinepine i ka ʻili o waho o kou mau pepeiao . Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau kiko hou a i ʻole nā loli, e hoʻomaopopo iā lākou.
He aha ke ʻano o ka manaʻolana e hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka wā e noho ana me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili ma ka pepeiao?
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, he maikaʻi loa ka hopena no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili inā ʻike ʻia i ka wā mua . Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia nā maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili he nui inā ʻike ʻia ma mua o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka melanoma ke ʻano maʻi ʻili weliweli loa . Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka melanoma o ka pepeiao, penei nā helu ola ʻelima makahiki:
- Inā ʻike ʻia ka maʻi kanesa ma mua o ka laha ʻana i nā lymph nodes, ma kahi o 99% hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia .
- Ma kahi o 66% o nā hihia ua pālahalaha aku i nā lymph nodes kokoke.
- Ma kahi o 27% ua pālahalaha aku i nā lymph nodes mamao a me nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe.
Mai hopohopo i kēia mau helu. He awelika wale nō kēia. He ʻokoʻa ke kūlana o kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka maʻi a hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
I ka manawa hea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke kauka inā manaʻo ʻoe he maʻi ʻili ma kou pepeiao?
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi kauka ʻili ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki e nānā i ka ʻili o kou kino holoʻokoʻa . Eia kekahi, inā he mau hopohopo kou e pili ana i ka ʻili ma kou mau pepeiao, ʻoiai inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau mea, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka a i ʻole ke kauka ʻili:
- Inā loli kou ʻili a i ʻole nā mole e kū nei, e like me nā ʻōuli a i ʻole nā warts, i ka nui, ke ʻano, a i ʻole ke kala .
- Inā he puʻupuʻu hou a kiko paha kou ma kou ʻili.
- Inā he ʻeha e ola ʻole ana .
- Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā kiko ʻē ma kou ʻili.
- Inā he mau wahi e ʻānai ana a kahe ana paha ke koko .
Mai kali a ʻōlelo, "E ʻike kākou ma hope." ʻOiai inā he mea liʻiliʻi ia, hiki ke lilo i hoʻomaka o kahi mea koʻikoʻi.
He aha nā nīnau koʻikoʻi e nīnau aku ai i ke kauka?
Ke ʻike ʻoe he maʻi ʻaʻai kou, nui kāu mau nīnau. He mea maʻamau kēlā. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia mau mea āpau. Eia kekahi mau nīnau hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau:
- He aha ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻili ma koʻu pepeiao?
- I ke kahua hea kēia maʻi ʻaʻai? `(I ke kahua hea ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili?)`
- Pono anei au i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe?
- Pehea ʻoe e hoʻolālā ai e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili ma koʻu pepeiao?
- He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau?
- Pehea koʻu manaʻo i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana?
- He aha ka wānana no ka maʻi ʻili ma koʻu pepeiao?
- Loaʻa iaʻu kahi pilikia nui aʻe o nā maʻi ʻili hou aʻe?
- ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e pono ai iaʻu e hoʻi hou mai no nā hoʻokolohua maʻi?
E kōkua kēia mau nīnau iā ʻoe e hoʻopau i nā makaʻu a me nā kānalua i loko o kou manaʻo.
He aha nā ʻano maʻi ʻili e hiki ke ulu i loko o ka pepeiao?
ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui o ka maʻi ʻili e hiki ke ulu i loko o ka pepeiao:
1. ʻO ka maʻi kanesa cell basal: ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi kanesa ʻili. Hoʻolaha koke ia a hiki ke ho'ōla koke ʻia inā ʻike mua ʻia.
2. ʻO ka maʻi kanesa squamous cell: ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻi kanesa maʻamau i loaʻa ma ka pepeiao waho. Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia inā ʻike mua ʻia.
3. Melanoma: ʻAʻole kēia i maʻamau ma mua o nā ʻano ʻelua ʻē aʻe, akāUa manaʻo ʻia ʻo Melanoma ke ʻano maʻi ʻili weliweli loa no ka mea he kiʻekiʻe aʻe ka manawa e laha ai ma waho o ka ʻili i nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe. No laila, hiki ke paʻakikī iki ke mālama a ho'ōla.
Pehea ka maʻamau o ke kanesa pepeiao?
Inā ʻoe e lawe i 100 mau maʻi ʻili, ma kahi o 6 a 10 o lākou he maʻi pepeiao. ʻO ia hoʻi ma waena o 6% a me 10% o nā maʻi ʻili āpau . Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka maʻi ʻili ke ʻano maʻi i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻāina he nui a puni ka honua.
Ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ko kākou mau pepeiao i nā kukuna ʻUV ʻino mai ka lā, ua pilikia nui lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻili. No laila, e nānā mau i kou ʻili, ʻoiai kou mau pepeiao. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mea ʻē ma ka ʻili o kou mau pepeiao, e ʻike i ke kauka. Inā kānalua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana. ʻO ka wikiwiki o kou ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi ʻili o nā pepeiao, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena.
Nā mea nui loa āu e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)
ʻAe, eia kekahi mau mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai mai nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai:
- He ʻāpana nō hoʻi kou mau pepeiao o kou ʻili! No laila, mai poina e pale i kou mau pepeiao me ka sunscreen ke hele ʻoe i waho i ka lā.
- Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi kiko hou, puʻupuʻu, ʻeha hoʻōla ʻole, hoʻololi ʻana o ke kala, maneʻo, a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ma ka ʻili o kou pepeiao, mai hoʻowahāwahā iā ia.
- E hoʻohana i ka lula ABCDE e hoʻolohe ai i nā loli o nā kiko ʻili.
- Inā ʻike mua ʻia, hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻili pepeiao.
- Mai makaʻu e ʻimi i ke aʻo lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia manawa āu e kānalua ai.
E mālama i kou ʻili, ʻoiai kou mau pepeiao. E noho olakino!
ʻO ke kanesa ʻili, ke kanesa pepeiao, ka lā, nā kukuna UV, ka pale ʻili, dermatology, melanoma











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