Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā "lāʻau sulfa." Malia paha ua hāʻawi ke kauka iā ʻoe i kahi kirīmi e kau ai ma kou ʻili a ʻōlelo mai, "He lāʻau sulfa kēia." He aha nā sulfonamides? He mau antibiotic wale nō anei lākou? ʻAʻole, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka moʻolelo ma mua o kēlā. E hele kākou i ke kumu o kēia i kēia lā.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia mau sulfonamides?
ʻO nā Sulfonamides kahi papa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano synthetic, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua. ʻAʻole lākou i kūlohelohe. Loaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau o kēia papa o nā lāʻau ka mea "sulfur" i loko o kā lākou ʻano kemika. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai lākou he "sulfonamides."
I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou pehea e hana ai kēia mau mea. ʻOi loa aku i ka wā e hāʻawi ʻia ai i nā maʻi bacteria , ʻo ka hana a kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia ke kāohi ʻana i ka bacteria mai ka hana ʻana i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo " folate " a lākou e pono ai. Ua ʻike pū mākou he huaora B9 ka folate. E noʻonoʻo wale, he mea nui kēia meaʻai i kapa ʻia ʻo folate no ka bacteria e ola a laha. No laila, ke komo nā lāʻau sulfonamide i loko o ke kino, hele lākou a kāohi i ka bacteria mai ka hana ʻana i kēia folate. Ua like ia me ka pōloli me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai, nāwaliwali mālie ka bacteria a make.
"A laila, ʻaʻohe pilikia no ko kākou kino?" e noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe. ʻAʻole. No ka mea, ʻo kākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kānaka, loaʻa iā kākou ka folate e pono ai ko kākou kino mai nā meaʻai a kākou e ʻai ai. ʻAʻole kākou e hana i ka folate i loko o ko kākou kino. No laila, ʻaʻole kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻopilikia pinepine i nā pūnaewele i loko o ko kākou kino ma ia ʻano.
Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka penicillin , i nā makahiki 1930, ʻo nā sulfonamides kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa i loaʻa no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi bacteria. I kēlā manawa , ua kōkua kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā make mai nā maʻi lele ma kahi palena nui. Akā i kēia lā, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana wale ʻia no nā maʻi bacteria. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia papa no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe he nui.
He aha nā maʻi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā sulfonamides?
I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou e mālama a pale i nā maʻi bacteria. Akā i kēia lā, ua loli nui kēia papa o nā lāʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā Sulfonamides e mālama i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, me ka maʻi diabetes type 2, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻi HIV, a me ka melanoma, kahi ʻano maʻi ʻili.
E nānā kākou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kēia māhele a me nā maʻi e hoʻohana ʻia ai lākou. No ka maʻalahi, e māhele mākou i kēia i ʻelua ʻāpana.
1. ʻO nā Sulfonamides i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā antibiotics
ʻO kēia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia no nā maʻi bacteria.
| Nā ʻano lāʻau antibiotic: sulfonamides |
|---|
| ʻO Mafenide (Sulfamylon®) |
| Sulfadiazene (Silvadene® a i ʻole Thermazene®) - (hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā mea kuni) |
| Sulfamethizole |
| Sulfisoxazole |
| Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®) - (Hoʻohana pū ʻia no ka colitis ulcerative) |
| Sulfadoxine (hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka malaria) |
2. Nā sulfonamides ʻaʻole antibiotic
ʻAʻole kēia he mau lāʻau lapaʻau e pepehi i nā bacteria. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e mālama i kekahi mau maʻi ʻē aʻe. He lōʻihi iki kēia papa inoa, akā hāʻawi ia iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo o ka laulā o kēia papa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
| Inoa Lāʻau Lapaʻau | Nā hoʻohana |
|---|---|
| ʻAcetohexamide, Chlorpropamide, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide | ʻAno 2 diabetes |
| ʻO Furosemide (Lasix®), Bumetanide, Torsemide, Chlorthalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide | Hoʻohana ʻia nā diuretics e mālama i ka mumū i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke koko kiʻekiʻe a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai congestive. |
| ʻO Celecoxib (Celebrex®) | ʻO nā ʻeha hui a me nā kūlana pehu e like me ka arthritis. |
| ʻO Darunavir (Prezista®) | He lāʻau antiretroviral no ka maʻi HIV. |
| ʻO Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | No nā maʻi ʻeha migraine. |
| ʻO Sildenafil (Viagra®, Revatio®) | ʻO ka hana ʻino ʻana o Erectile a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe o ka pulmonary arterial. |
| ʻO Tamsulosin (Flomax®) | No nā pilikia mimi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nui o ka prostate gland (benign prostatic hyperplasia). |
| Zonisamide (Zonegran®) | Nā ʻūlū i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi epilepsy. |
Hiki paha ke loaʻa ka maʻi allergic i nā sulfonamides?
ʻAe, hiki iā ʻoe. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka poʻe e ʻōlelo ana, "He maʻi āpau wau i nā lāʻau sulfa." Ma waena o 3% a me 8% o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua he maʻi āpau i kekahi ʻano lāʻau sulfa. Akā ua like kēia me ka maʻi āpau i ka penicillin.
ʻO ka mea nui kēia: ʻoiai ua maʻi ʻoe i hoʻokahi lāʻau sulfonamide, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ua maʻi ʻoe i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe a pau o kēia papa. He mea kēia a nā kauka e ʻae nei.
No laila, inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi allergy i kahi sulfonamide ma mua, e hōʻoia e haʻi i kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou. E hiki iā ia ke kuhikuhi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono ʻē aʻe nāu.
He aha nā hemahema o kēia ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau?
E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, hiki i nā sulfonamides ke loaʻa kekahi mau hemahema a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā mea nui:
- Ke kū'ē ʻana o ka bacteria: Ke hoʻohana ʻoe i ka antibiotic like no ka manawa lōʻihi, hoʻomohala kekahi mau bacteria i ke kū'ē ʻana i kēlā lāʻau. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hana hou ka lāʻau ma luna o kēlā mau bacteria. Hiki nō hoʻi kēia ke hana me nā sulfonamides.
- Ka nalowale o ka hopena ma kekahi mau bacteria: ʻO kekahi mau ʻano bacteria he kūpaʻa kūlohelohe i kēia mau lāʻau.
- Nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi: He mea kākaʻikahi loa kēia, akā hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i nā hopena ʻili koʻikoʻi e like me ka Stevens-Johnson syndrome a me ka toxic epidermal necrolysis .
Hiki i kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao ke ʻokoʻa loa mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka a mai kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau a i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau. No laila, ʻo kāu kauka ke kumu maikaʻi loa o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia iā ʻoe, kona mau pono a me nā pilikia. E nīnau iā ia e pili ana i ia mea.
He sulfonamide nō hoʻi ʻo Bactrim™?
ʻAe, ma kahi hapa. Loaʻa iā Bactrim™ ka sulfamethizole, kahi ʻano sulfonamide. Eia kekahi, loaʻa pū kekahi lāʻau ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo trimethoprim. Hana pū nā mea ʻelua.
He sulfonamide nō hoʻi ʻo Celebrex®?
ʻAe. ʻO Celecoxib (i ʻike pinepine ʻia e ka inoa inoa ʻo Celebrex®), kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka ʻeha o ka arthritis, he sulfonamide nō hoʻi.
Hiki i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana i nā kristal i loko o ka mimi?
ʻAe, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau sulfa ke hoʻoulu i nā kristal i loko o ka mimi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia he hopena maʻamau. E aʻo aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe inā paha e hoʻoulu ka lāʻau āu e lawe nei i kēia a me nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku ai (no ka laʻana, inu nui i ka wai).
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻAʻole wale nā lāʻau antibiotic nā Sulfonamides. He papa nui lākou o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole.
- Hoʻohana ʻia kēia papa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi he nui, mai nā maʻi bacteria i ka maʻi diabetes, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, a me nā migraines.
- Hiki ke loaʻa nā maʻi ʻaleka i nā lāʻau sulfa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka maʻi ʻaleka i hoʻokahi ʻano ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e maʻi ʻoe i nā lāʻau āpau o kēlā papa.
- Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou, e haʻi pono i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe āu i loaʻa ai a me nā maʻi allergies lāʻau lapaʻau mua āu.
ʻO Sulfonamides, nā lāʻau sulfa, sulfonamides, antibiotic, allergy lāʻau, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Bactrim, Celebrex, Lasix
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