Cia peb kawm ntxiv txog cov epidermis, txheej sab saud ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij.

Nyob zoo! Koj nyob li cas? Hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb heev txog peb daim tawv nqaij. Peb txhua tus muaj daim tawv nqaij. Daim tawv nqaij no yog lub cev loj tshaj plaws hauv peb lub cev. Koj puas paub tias muaj peb txheej tseem ceeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij no? Txheej sab saud tshaj plaws, uas peb pom thiab hnov ​​thaum peb kov nws, hu ua 'epidermis' . Hnub no peb yuav tham txog tus phab ej ntawm peb daim tawv nqaij, epidermis.

Cov tawv nqaij epidermis yog dab tsi? Hais yooj yim xwb...

Zoo, yog li ua ntej cia peb saib seb daim tawv nqaij no yog dab tsi. Lawv hais tias koj daim tawv nqaij muaj peb txheej tseem ceeb. Lawv yog daim tawv nqaij epidermis (txheej sab saud) , daim tawv nqaij dermis (txheej nruab nrab) , thiab daim tawv nqaij hypodermis (txheej hauv qab) . Ntawm cov no, daim tawv nqaij epidermis yog txheej nyias tshaj plaws , tab sis nws yog qhov ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Nws puas tsis zoo kawg? Hauv txheej nyias no muaj tsib txheej me me ntxiv!

Cov txheej me me tsib txheej hauv daim tawv nqaij epidermis yog dab tsi?

Tam sim no cia peb saib tsib txheej me me hauv daim tawv nqaij epidermis. Cov no tau teeb tsa raws li kev txiav txim los ntawm hauv qab mus rau saum toj:

1. Stratum basale (tseem hu ua stratum germinativum):

• Qhov no yog txheej tob tshaj plaws, nyob hauv qab daim tawv nqaij sab nraud. Nws zoo li lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev.
• Cov hlwb tawv nqaij tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv txheej no.
• Nov yog cov hlwb hu ua 'Keratinocytes' . Cov no yog cov uas ua cov protein 'Keratin' . Keratin yog yam uas pab tsim peb cov plaub hau, cov rau tes, thiab txheej sab nraud ntawm peb daim tawv nqaij, thiab tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig phem.
• Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj cov hlwb hu ua 'melanocytes' nyob rau hauv txheej no. Lawv yog cov uas tsim 'melanin' . Melanin yog cov xim uas muab xim rau peb daim tawv nqaij.

2. Stratum spinosum:

• Cov txheej no nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov stratum basale uas tau hais ua ntej thiab cov stratum granulosum uas los tom ntej.
• Nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlwb keratinocyte. Cov hlwb no raug tuav ua ke los ntawm cov protein nplaum hu ua desmosomes .
• Cov txheej stratum spinosum no yog qhov ua rau koj daim tawv nqaij yoog tau thiab muaj zog .

3. Stratum granulosum `(Stratum granulosum)`:

• Qhov no yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm stratum spinosum thiab stratum lucidum.
• Sab hauv cov qe ntshav keratinocyte no muaj cov noob me me . Cov no tuaj yeem pom hauv qab lub tshuab microscope.

4. Stratum lucidum:

• Qhov no yog ib txheej nyias nyias, pob tshab ntawm cov stratum granulosum thiab cov stratum corneum.
• Ntawm no, cov hlwb keratinocyte maj mam poob lawv cov duab puag ncig thiab ua tiaj tus . Cov txheej no pom tseeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj daim tawv nqaij tuab, xws li peb txhais tes thiab peb txhais taw.

5. Lub pob txha ntawm daim tawv nqaij:

• Qhov no yog txheej sab saud ntawm daim tawv nqaij epidermis. Koj pom, qhov no yog txheej uas koj kov.
• Ntawm no, cov hlwb keratinocyte ntawd dhau los ua 'corneocytes' . Corneocytes tuag lawm, tab sis cov hlwb keratinocyte muaj zog heev .
• Cov no yog yam uas tiv thaiv peb ntawm tej yam xws li khawb, tshav ntuj, cua sov, thiab cov kab mob.
• Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, txheej no muaj cov rog. Lawv tswj kom dej nkag thiab ua pa tau yooj yim ntawm peb lub cev.
• Thaum cov keratinocytes tshiab tsim nyob rau hauv txheej qis dua (stratum basale), cov corneocytes no maj mam poob tawm . Ib yam li cov nplooj qub poob thiab cov tshiab loj hlob tuaj. Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem tas li.

Xav txog nws li no, daim tawv nqaij sab nraud zoo li lub ru tsev ntawm peb lub tsev. Ib yam li nws tiv thaiv peb ntawm lub hnub thiab nag, daim tawv nqaij sab nraud kuj tiv thaiv peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.

Koj puas paub lo lus "epidermis" txhais li cas?

Qhov no kuj zoo kom paub. Lo lus "epidermis" yog ua los ntawm ob lo lus Greek thaum ub. 'epi' txhais tau tias "saum toj no" lossis "sab nraud". 'derma' txhais tau tias "tawv nqaij". Yog li hais yooj yim, "epidermis" txhais tau tias "saum npoo" lossis "tawv nqaij sab nraud" .

Yog li ntawd, qhov txawv ntawm cov epidermis thiab dermis yog dab tsi?

Tej zaum koj yuav nco ntsoov tias daim tawv nqaij sab saud yog txheej sab saud. Daim tawv nqaij sab hauv qab yog txheej hauv qab, nyob hauv nruab nrab. Xav txog nws zoo li ib lub sandwich. Yog tias daim tawv nqaij sab saud yog daim mov ci sab saud, daim tawv nqaij sab hauv qab yog cov khoom qab qab nyob hauv nruab nrab.

• Thickness: Thaum lub epidermis yog txheej nyias tshaj plaws ntawm daim tawv nqaij, lub dermis yog txheej tuab tshaj plaws ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
• Dab tsi nyob sab hauv: Cov tawv nqaij dermis muaj cov protein hu ua 'Collagen' thiab 'Elastin' . Cov no yog cov uas ua rau cov tawv nqaij dermis tuab thiab muab cov tawv nqaij elasticity zoo. Cov no pab tau ntau yam hauv kev ua kom peb cov tawv nqaij zoo li hluas yam tsis muaj sagging.
• Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis koj cov nqaij sib txuas, cov hlab ntsha kawg, cov qog hws, cov qog sebaceous, thiab cov plaub hau follicles txhua yam nyob hauv dermis, thiab txawm tias hauv qab ntawd, hauv hypodermis.

Cov epidermis ua dab tsi rau peb lub cev? Nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas?

Txhua txheej ntawm peb daim tawv nqaij ua haujlwm ua ke los tiv thaiv peb lub pob txha, cov kabmob, cov leeg, thiab cov nqaij hauv peb lub cev. Cov epidermis kuj muaj ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb:

• Kev Ua Kom Muaj Dej: Txheej sab saud ntawm daim tawv nqaij epidermis (stratum corneum) pab khaws dej , ua kom koj daim tawv nqaij muaj dej thiab noj qab nyob zoo, tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob qhuav .
• Kev tsim cov hlwb tawv nqaij tshiab:Cov hlwb tawv nqaij tshiab raug tsim tawm hauv txheej hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij epidermis (stratum basale). Thaum cov hlwb no laus zuj zus, lawv maj mam txav mus rau saum cov txheej. Tom qab li ib hlis , lawv mus txog txheej sab saud thiab poob tawm. Tib lub sijhawm, cov hlwb tshiab tseem raug tsim tawm hauv qab. Nws zoo li lub Hoobkas uas niaj hnub hloov kho nws tus kheej .
• Kev Tiv Thaiv: Cov tawv nqaij ua haujlwm zoo li lub ntaub thaiv . Nws tiv thaiv peb ntawm lub hnub lub teeb ultraviolet (UV) phem, cov kab mob (cov kab mob me me, cov kab mob virus, cov pwm, cov kab mob parasitic, thiab lwm yam), thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg phem.
• Xim Tawv Nqaij: Cov epidermis muaj ib hom cell hu ua 'melanocytes'. Cov cell no tsim cov xim hu ua 'melanin'. Xim ntawm koj cov tawv nqaij yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov ntau ntawm melanin.

Cov epidermis pab lwm cov kabmob li cas?

Hais yooj yim xwb, daim tawv nqaij epidermis, ua ke nrog lwm cov txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua haujlwm ua lub tiv thaiv thawj zaug uas tiv thaiv cov kabmob, pob txha, cov leeg, thiab cov nqaij mos hauv peb lub cev los ntawm kev phom sij, kev raug mob, thiab kev kis kab mob los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.

Cov epidermis nyob qhov twg?

Qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau koj xav tsis thoob, puas yog? Cov epidermis yog txheej sab saud ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas peb pom thiab hnov ​​​​​​thaum peb saib ib tus neeg lossis kov lawv.

Cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij epidermis no ua li cas?

Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, cov xim ntuj hu ua melanin, uas melanocytes tsim tawm, txiav txim siab peb cov xim tawv nqaij. Cov melanocytes no tsim ob hom melanin tseem ceeb:

• Eumelanin: Hom melanin no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov xim tsaus ntawm koj cov plaub hau, daim tawv nqaij, thiab qhov muag . Yog tias ib tug neeg muaj daim tawv nqaij xim av tsaus thiab cov plaub hau dub, nws yog vim lawv muaj eumelanin ntau dua.
• Pheomelanin: Hom melanin no yog qhov ua rau koj daim tawv nqaij muaj xim liab lossis liab . Piv txwv li, nws yog qhov ua rau daim di ncauj, lub txiv mis, qhov chaw mos, thiab lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus qau, thiab nws yog qhov ua rau qee tus neeg muaj plaub hau liab.

Txhua tus neeg muaj ob hom melanin no hauv lawv daim tawv nqaij sib txawv. Nws yog qhov sib txawv uas txiav txim siab xim ntawm txhua tus neeg daim tawv nqaij.

Cov epidermis tuab npaum li cas?

Qhov tuab ntawm daim tawv nqaij epidermis txawv ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw ntawm koj lub cev. Piv txwv li, daim tawv nqaij epidermis tuab dua nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas siv ntau tshaj plaws, xws li ntawm koj txhais taw thiab nraub qaum ntawm koj txhais tes , qhov chaw uas koj ntsib ntau yam xav tsis thoob. Qhov tuab ntawm cov cheeb tsam no tuaj yeem yog li 1.5 millimeters. Qhov ntawd yog kwv yees li qhov tuab ntawm ob daim npav rho nyiaj uas muab tso rau saum ib leeg .

Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam mos mos xws li koj lub qhov muag , cov epidermis yog nyias heev. Nws tsuas yog li 0.05 millimeters tuab. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias nws zoo liNws tuab li daim ntawv luam ib txwm! Zoo kawg li, puas yog?

Cov hom cell tseem ceeb hauv cov epidermis yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau hom cell sib txawv nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij epidermis. Peb hom cell tseem ceeb yog:

1. Keratinocytes: Cov hlwb no tsim cov protein keratin, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov epidermis. Keratinocytes yog cov hlwb muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov epidermis.

2. Melanocytes: Raws li peb tau tham ua ntej, cov hlwb no tsim cov xim melanin uas muab rau koj cov tawv nqaij nws cov xim .

3. Cov qe ntshav Langerhans: Cov qe ntshav no zoo li cov neeg zov ntawm daim tawv nqaij . Lawv pab tiv thaiv cov khoom tsis xav tau, xws li cov kab mob, kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cov kab mob dab tsi feem ntau cuam tshuam rau daim tawv nqaij epidermis?

Peb daim tawv nqaij kuj tseem tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab tej yam mob. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog:

• Pob txuv: Ib qho teeb meem uas cuam tshuam rau ntau tus neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lawv tseem hluas.
• Kab mob plab: Kab mob plab yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob bacterial uas qee zaum tuaj yeem mob.
• Dandruff: Ib qho mob uas cov epidermis ntawm lub taub hau tev tawm.
• Eczema: Ib qho mob uas daim tawv nqaij qhuav, khaus, thiab liab.
• Melanoma: Ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib qho mob txaus ntshai uas pib hauv cov hlwb melanocyte.

Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov teeb meem nrog daim tawv nqaij epidermis yog dab tsi?

Yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog koj daim tawv nqaij epidermis, koj yuav muaj cov tsos mob zoo li:

• Cov tsos ntawm cov pob tsaus tshiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab, xim, lossis qhov loj ntawm cov pob uas twb muaj lawm.
• Daim tawv nqaij qhuav heev thiab tawg yooj yim.
• Tawv nqaij tev tawm, zoo li txheej tawv nqaij sab saud tawm los.
• Tawv nqaij tev tawm thiab ua pob.

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob zoo li no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab nrhiav kev pab tswv yim.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau seb daim tawv nqaij puas noj qab nyob zoo?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua qhov kev kuaj xyuas lub cev kom zoo ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv kuj tseem yuav ua cov kev kuaj hauv qab no:

• Kev kuaj tawv nqaij ua xua: Cov kev kuaj no pab txiav txim siab seb koj daim tawv nqaij puas yog los ntawm kev ua xua.
• Kev kuaj ntshav: Qee qhov kev ua xua, kab mob, thiab kev kis kab mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav.
• Kev kuaj tawv nqaij: Qhov no suav nrog kev rho ib daim tawv nqaij me me los ntawm thaj chaw muaj teeb meem thiab kuaj nws hauv qab lub tshuab microscope. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab seb puas muaj kab mob, kev kis kab mob, lossis mob qog noj ntshav.

Yog tias koj xav tias koj muaj mob zoo li melanoma, koj kuj tseem yuav muaj lwm yam kev kuaj duab los saib seb nws puas tau kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Cov kev kho mob uas feem ntau siv rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij sab nraud yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob sib txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov mob cuam tshuam rau daim tawv nqaij epidermis. Nov yog qee qhov kev kho mob uas feem ntau siv:

• Cov tshuaj tua kab mob: Cov no yog muab ua cov tshuaj noj lossis tshuaj pleev kom kho cov mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob xws li pob txuv, mob qog, tawv nqaij qhuav, thiab pob khaus.
• Cov tshuaj tua kab mob fungal: Cov no yog muab ua cov tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev, gels, tshuaj tsuag, hmoov, lossis ua cov tshuaj noj rau cov kab mob fungal ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
• Cov tshuaj Corticosteroids: Cov no pab txo qhov o, liab, khaus, thiab cov nqaij puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lawv tuaj yeem muab ua cov tshuaj pleev, tshuaj ntsiav, lossis tshuaj txhaj.
• Retinoids (vitamin A derivatives): Cov tshuaj no, ua los ntawm vitamin A, txo cov pob txuv, qhib cov qhov hws, thiab pab kom daim tawv nqaij rov ua dua tshiab.

Cov kev kho mob no yuav tsum tau siv raws li cov lus qhia ntawm kws kho mob.

Tej yam yooj yim uas peb ua tau los ua kom peb daim tawv nqaij noj qab nyob zoo yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau yam yooj yim uas peb ua tau hauv tsev kom peb cov epidermis, uas yog, peb daim tawv nqaij tag nrho, noj qab nyob zoo. Mus saib cov no:

• Tsim ib txoj kev saib xyuas tawv nqaij uas haum rau koj. Nug kws kho mob lossis kws tshwj xeeb txog tawv nqaij thiab saib xyuas koj daim tawv nqaij raws li qhov tsim nyog.
• Thaum da dej los yog da dej , siv xab npum mos mos uas tsis ua rau tawv nqaij puas. Thaum ziab koj daim tawv nqaij, so kom qhuav, tsis txhob txhuam nws hnyav.
• Thaum koj daim tawv nqaij qhuav lawm, thaum nws tseem muaj dej noo, thov pleev tshuaj pleev lossis tshuaj pleev kom noo noo. Qhov no yuav pab kom koj daim tawv nqaij noo noo. Koj tuaj yeem rov pleev ob lossis peb zaug hauv ib hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj daim tawv nqaij qhuav.
• Tsis txhob da dej hauv dej kub heev, tab sis siv dej sov so. Dej kub tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij qhuav thiab ua rau nws qhuav.
• Haus tsawg kawg yog 8 khob dej ib hnub. Dej yog tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws rau koj daim tawv nqaij. Nws ua rau koj daim tawv nqaij noo thiab noo noo los ntawm sab hauv.
• Noj cov khoom noj uas muaj cov antioxidants ntau. Muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (tshwj xeeb yog cov txiv pos nphuab), zaub (zaub ntsuab tsaus), txiv ntoo qhuav (txiv ntseej almond, txiv ntseej walnuts), thiab ntses uas muaj cov roj omega-3 fatty acids ntau (ntses salmon, ntses mackerel) rau hauv koj cov zaub mov noj.
• Txo qhov kev raug rau ib puag ncig uas muaj kev hloov pauv sai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo.
• Nyob deb ntawm cov khoom uas koj paub tias ua xua rau, cov tshuaj lom neeg uas paub tias ua rau daim tawv nqaij puas tsuaj (cov tshuaj ua rau khaus), thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab.
• Txhua zaus koj tawm mus rau hauv lub hnub, siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub uas muaj tsawg kawg yog SPF 30 lossis siab dua. Txawm tias nws zoo li tsis tshav ntuj los xij, cov duab UV tseem tuaj yeem los ntawm cov huab.
• Thaum koj daim tawv nqaij khaus los yog mob, tsis txhob khawb nws. Ua li ntawd tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij puas tsuaj thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob.

Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm txhua yam no yog dab tsi?

Zoo, peb tau tham ntau txog daim tawv nqaij epidermis. Hais yooj yim xwb, daim tawv nqaij epidermis yog txheej sab saud ntawm peb lub cev, thawj kab tiv thaiv rau peb daim tawv nqaij. Nws tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev phom sij ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud, ua rau peb daim tawv nqaij noo, tsim cov hlwb tshiab tas li, thiab muab xim zoo nkauj rau peb daim tawv nqaij.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog peb lub luag haujlwm los ua kom peb cov epidermis muaj nqis, uas yog, peb daim tawv nqaij tag nrho, noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo nkauj. Peb tuaj yeem ua kom peb daim tawv nqaij noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo siab los ntawm kev ua tej yam me me xws li haus dej ntau, noj zaub mov zoo, pleev tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub thaum tawm mus rau hauv lub hnub, thiab ua kom peb daim tawv nqaij huv. Kho koj daim tawv nqaij nrog kev hlub!

` Cov tawv nqaij epidermis, cov txheej tawv nqaij, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kev saib xyuas daim tawv nqaij, keratin, melanin, cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij