Nyob zoo! Koj nyob li cas? Hnub no peb yuav tham txog qee tus tub rog tseem ceeb thiab txawv txawv heev hauv peb lub cev. Ib yam li cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv peb lub teb chaws, cov hlwb no kuj tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab xws li cov kab mob. Peb hu cov neeg zov me nyuam no ua
cov hlwb T cytotoxic . Ib txhia kuj hu lawv ua 'cov hlwb T tua neeg'. Tsis txhob ntshai, txawm tias lub npe ntawd los xij, lawv yog peb cov phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws!
Cov qe ntshav T cytotoxic no yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov '(Cytotoxic T cells)' no yog
ib hom cell tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws zoo li ib pab tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb. Lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov cell uas muaj kab mob thaum cov khoom xws li cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev cov cell. Yog vim li ntawd qee tus neeg thiaj hu lawv
tias 'Killer T cells' . Txawm hais tias lub npe yuav hnyav me ntsis, lawv pab tau ntau yam. Xav txog, peb muaj ib lub qog me me hu ua
'(Thymus)' nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hauv siab. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas peb hom T cell no feem ntau tsim tawm.
- Cov qe ntshav T pab: Cov no yog cov uas ua rau lwm cov qe ntshav tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm thiab qhia rau lawv tias, "Muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm no, mus ua haujlwm."
- Cov qe ntshav T uas tswj hwm : Lawv txoj haujlwm yog tswj lwm cov qe ntshav tiv thaiv kab mob thaum xav tau. Zoo li hais tias, "Okay, txaus lawm, tsum nws" thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua tas.
- Peb tus thawj coj, Cytotoxic T cells: Cov no yog cov uas mus ncaj qha mus rau kev sib ntaus thiab rhuav tshem cov cell uas muaj kab mob.
Cov hlwb no puas yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb yug los?
Tsis yog, koj hais tsis tau li ntawd. Cov '(Cytotoxic T cells)' no yog ib feem ntawm qhov hu ua
'cell-mediated immunity' . Nws yog ib feem ntawm
'adaptive immunity' . Tam sim no koj nug, 'Qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob no yog dab tsi?' Xav txog nws zoo li no:
- Kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj nyob hauv peb lub cev thaum peb yug los. Nws zoo li phab ntsa ntawm lub chaw ruaj khov, teb rau txhua tus yeeb ncuab ib yam nkaus, tsis muaj kev xaiv tshwj xeeb.
- Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hloov pauv yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb maj mam tsim thaum peb raug cov kab mob lossis cov khoom txawv teb chaws los ntawm sab nraud. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb heev. Nws zoo li ib pab tub rog uas tau kawm tshwj xeeb. Yog tias lawv ntsib ib tug yeeb ncuab uas lawv tau paub ua ntej, lawv nco qab nws thiab tawm tsam nws hnyav dua thaum lub sijhawm tom ntej nws los. Yog li ntawd cov '(Cytotoxic T cells)' ua haujlwm li cas.
Yog li qhov txawv ntawm cov hlwb T cytotoxic thiab cov hlwb tua neeg ntuj yog dab tsi?
Ob qho no yog peb lub cev tiv thaiv, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv txoj kev uas lawv ua haujlwm. Xav txog nws zoo li, '(Cytotoxic T cells)' zoo li cov commandos uas tsuas yog ua haujlwm thaum lawv tau txais cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias, lawv tawm tsam cov khoom xws li cov kab mob, ib yam dab tsi
Tom qab raug qhib los ntawm 'antigen'. Tab sis 'Cov hlwb tua neeg ntuj' txawv me ntsis. Lawv tsis xav tau kev qhib tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam cov hlwb phem. Lawv tsuas mus ua haujlwm sai li sai tau thaum lawv pom 'muaj teeb meem'. Hais yooj yim:- Cov qe ntshav dawb Cytotoxic T yog ib feem ntawm cov lus teb tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb tau tham txog ua ntej.
- "Cov hlwb tua neeg ntuj" yog ib feem ntawm "kev teb tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj txij thaum yug los" .
Tam sim no qhov txawv ntawm ob qho no yog qhov tseeb, puas yog? Cov qe ntshav cytotoxic T no ua haujlwm li cas?
Qhov no yog ib qho txuj ci zoo kawg nkaus. Xav txog nws, txhua lub '(Cytotoxic T cell)' muaj ib yam tshwj xeeb hu ua '(CD8 receptor)' ntawm nws qhov chaw. Nws zoo li ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas ib tug kws tshawb nrhiav muaj. Lub '(CD8 receptor)' no khi rau '(MHC Class I molecules)' ntawm qhov chaw ntawm peb lub cev cov hlwb. Cov '(MHC Class I molecules)' no zoo li ib lub chij uas qhia thaum lub cell noj qab haus huv kis tus kab mob. Yog li, thaum lub '(CD8 receptor)' ntawd paub txog lub cell kis tus kab mob, peb cov '(Cytotoxic T cell)' raug qhib. Tom qab ntawd txoj haujlwm tiag tiag tshwm sim. Cov '(Cytotoxic T cell)' uas qhib no tsim cov molecules tshwj xeeb, uas tau tsim los rhuav tshem qhov kev kis tus kab mob ntawd. Zoo li lub foob pob uas ntaus lub hom phiaj, nws mus ncaj qha mus rau lub cell kis tus kab mob thiab rhuav tshem nws. Qhov no txo qhov muaj feem ntawm tus kab mob kis thoob plaws lub cev. Puas yog nws tsis zoo kawg nkaus li cov cell me me no ua dab tsi? Cov qe ntshav dawb cytotoxic T thiab cov qe ntshav dawb helper T ua haujlwm ua ke li cas?
Ob tug no zoo li cov phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws hauv tib pab pawg. Cov qe ntshav dawb pab lwm cov qe ntshav dawb hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum lawv hnov tias muaj kev kis kab mob, lawv tso tawm cov tshuaj xa xov hu ua cytokines . Cov cytokines no zoo li cov lus ceeb toom thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev uas qhia rau lwm cov qe ntshav dawb, "Muaj teeb meem, los sai sai." Cov cytokines no yog cov uas ua rau peb cov qe ntshav dawb cytotoxic T ua haujlwm thiab pab lawv tawm tsam kev kis kab mob. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov qe ntshav dawb T pab qhia rau cov qe ntshav dawb cytotoxic T, "Okay, tam sim no yog koj lub sijhawm, mus ua koj txoj haujlwm." Qhov kev xav ua haujlwm ua ke no yog qhov ua rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm tau zoo heev. Cov qe ntshav cytotoxic T no nyob qhov twg hauv peb lub cev?
Cov qe ntshav T pib tsim ua ntej hauv peb cov 'pob txha' . Tom qab ntawd, rau kev loj hlob ntxiv, uas yog, 'kev cob qhia', lawv mus rau lub qog '(Thymus)' uas peb tau tham txog ua ntej. Nws zoo li mus kawm ntawv cob qhia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv '(Thymus)' no uas cov qe ntshav T tau tsim zoo thiab npaj txhij rau kev ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd, '(Thymus)' ncig cov qe ntshav no thoob plaws lub cev. Peb 'lymphatic system'Muaj cov qe ntshav T no coob heev thoob plaws lub cev. Cov qe ntshav T cytotoxic no feem ntau yog cov uas muaj ntau heev, uas txhais tau tias lawv pom muaj ntau heev, nyob rau hauv cov chaw hauv qab no:- Cov pob txha
- Cov hnyuv
- Lub ntsws
- Cov qog ntshav
- Mob qog
- Cov pob qij txha
Cov no yog cov chaw uas lawv ceev faj, npaj txhij mus ua rog txhua lub sijhawm. Puas muaj kab mob twg uas cuam tshuam rau cov qe ntshav dawb cytotoxic T no?
Yog lawm, hmoov tsis zoo, muaj cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau peb cov hlwb tiv thaiv no. Qee cov 'kab mob autoimmune' cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm T cell. Qhov no txhais tau tias qee zaum peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib tawm tsam peb cov hlwb. Nws yog qhov xwm txheej tu siab heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau lwm yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau T cell:- Kab mob leukemia lymphocytic mob hnyav: Qhov no yog ib hom mob qog noj ntshav uas pib hauv cov ntshav thiab pob txha.
- Cov Neeg Laus Hodgkin lymphoma: Hauv hom mob qog noj ntshav no, cov hlwb qog noj ntshav pib hauv lub cev lymphatic.
- Kab mob HIV : Qhov no yog ib hom kab mob uas tawm tsam peb cov qe ntshav dawb. Yog tias tsis kho, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hu ua '(AIDS) '.
- Mob Job Syndrome: Qhov no yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj neeg mob uas ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob ntau zaus.
- Thymic aplasia: Hauv qhov mob no, ib tus neeg yug los nrog lub qog thymus uas tsis zoo, uas tiv thaiv T-cell maturation.
Hauv cov xwm txheej no, peb cov qe ntshav T tsis tuaj yeem ua lawv txoj haujlwm kom raug, yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb heev kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob noj qab haus huv.
Tej yam yooj yim uas peb ua tau los ua kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob noj qab nyob zoo yog dab tsi?
Qhov tseeb, kev hloov me me hauv peb txoj kev ua neej tuaj yeem pab tau ntau yam hauv kev ua kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog. Xav txog nws zoo li muab lub zog zoo thiab ib puag ncig zoo rau peb cov tub rog kev ruaj ntseg. Nov yog qee yam yooj yim uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau:- Tsis txhob haus dej cawv, los yog haus kom tsawg li tsawg tau. Haus dej cawv ntau dhau ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog.
- Noj cov khoom noj uas muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, taum pauv, cov nplej tag nrho, cov protein uas tsis muaj roj ntau (xws li ntses, nqaij qaib), thiab cov rog zoo (xws li txiv avocado, txiv ntoo qhuav). Cov no yog cov khoom noj uas peb lub cev thiab cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob xav tau.
- Ua si nawv tsis tu ncua . Xws li kev tawm dag zog uas ua rau koj lub cev muaj zog, ua rau koj lub cev yoog tau yooj yim dua, thiab ua rau koj lub plawv dhia ceev dua (aerobic). Kev taug kev tsawg kawg 30 feeb hauv ib hnub yog qhov pib zoo.
- Tau tsawg kawg yog xya txog yim teev pw tsaug zog zoo hauv ib hmos. Kev pw tsaug zog yog kev so rau lub cev thiab lub siab, thiab nws kuj pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kho nws tus kheej.
- Yog koj haus luam yeeb , tsum. Kev siv cov khoom luam yeeb tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob puas tsuaj loj heev. Yog tias koj xav tau kev pab kom tso tseg, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham.
- Yuav kom tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm cov kab mob, ntxuav koj txhais tes tsis tu ncua nrog xab npum thiab dej. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev ua ntej noj mov, tom qab siv chav dej, thiab tom qab los ntawm sab nraud.
Yog koj ntxiv cov khoom me me no rau hauv koj lub neej, koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav muaj zog heev los tiv thaiv koj ntawm cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, tej yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas peb tau kawm hnub no yog dab tsi? (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)
Tej zaum koj twb nkag siab lawm tias cov '(Cytotoxic T cells)' uas peb tau tham txog hnub no yog ib hom cell tseem ceeb heev hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv yog ib hom cell tseem ceeb uas tsim tawm hauv peb lub '(Thymus)' qog. Hais yooj yim xwb, ntawm no yog qee yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov:- Cov qe ntshav T cytotoxic yog cov kws tshwj xeeb uas tawm tsam cov kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob viral.
- Lawv, nrog rau "Cov qe ntshav dawb pab", ua haujlwm ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb "kev tiv thaiv kab mob hloov pauv" .
- Qee cov kab mob autoimmune thiab lwm yam mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau peb cov T cell.
- Los ntawm kev ua raws li kev ua neej noj qab haus huv, peb tuaj yeem ua kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog thiab pab cov T cell muaj nqis no.
Yog li ntawd, tam sim no koj paub ntau yam txog cov khoom tiv thaiv me me tab sis muaj zog heev no ua haujlwm rau koj hauv koj lub cev. Nws yog koj lub luag haujlwm los saib xyuas lawv zoo!
💬 Comments (0)
Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus