Koj puas mob taub hau ntau zaus? Koj puas ntuav? Los yog koj puas xav tias koj lub cim xeeb maj mam ploj mus, los yog koj cov lus tsis meej thaum koj hais lus? Txawm hais tias tej yam no tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau qhov laj thawj ib txwm muaj, tab sis tsis tshua muaj, lawv tuaj yeem yog cov tsos mob ntawm qog hlwb. Yog li hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib hom qog uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum, hu ua 'Astrocytoma'. Tsis txhob txhawj, cia peb nkag siab txhua yam txog qhov no yooj yim.
Hais yooj yim xwb, Astrocytoma yog dab tsi?
Astrocytoma yog ib hom qog uas tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv peb lub paj hlwb (CNS) , uas feem ntau nyob hauv lub hlwb, tab sis qee zaum nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha qaum. Cov qog no loj hlob los ntawm ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlwb zoo li lub hnub qub hauv peb lub hlwb hu ua 'astrocyte'. Cov hlwb astrocyte no yog ib hom hlwb uas ua haujlwm txhawb nqa lwm cov hlwb paj hlwb hauv lub hlwb, pub zaub mov thiab tiv thaiv lawv. Ib qho qog astrocytoma tshwm sim thaum cov hlwb no pib loj hlob tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau.
Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias tsis yog txhua tus Astrocytomas no yog mob qog noj ntshav. Qee tus yog cov qog nqaij hlav tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis qee tus kuj tuaj yeem yog mob qog noj ntshav (mob qog noj ntshav).
Astrocytoma yog hom qog hauv hlwb uas feem ntau hu ua glioma.
Puas muaj hom thiab qib ntawm Astrocytoma?
Yog lawm, Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) tau faib cov qog nqaij hlav Astrocytoma ua plaub qib tseem ceeb (Qib 1-4) raws li lawv qhov kev loj hlob thiab lub peev xwm kis mus rau cov nqaij ib puag ncig. Qib 1 yog qhov hnyav tsawg tshaj plaws, thiab Qib 4 yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thiab kis mus sai tshaj plaws.
Cia peb nkag siab cov no nrog ib lub rooj.
| Qib | Kev piav qhia thiab hom |
|---|---|
| Qib 1 (Tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav) | Cov no yog cov qog nqaij hlav zoo uas loj hlob qeeb heev thiab tsis kis mus rau lwm qhov. Thaum phais tshem tawm tag nrho lawm, feem ntau tsis tas yuav kho mob ntxiv lawm (xws li siv hluav taws xob los yog siv tshuaj kho mob qog nqaij hlav).
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| Qib 2 (Mob Cancer) | Cov no yog cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav. Lawv feem ntau kis mus rau cov nqaij ntawm lub hlwb ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, kev phais ib leeg xwb yuav tsis txaus rau kev kho mob. |
| Qib 3 (Mob Cancer) | Cov no yog cov qog nqaij hlav uas loj hlob sai dua thiab loj hlob sai dua li qib 2. Feem ntau, cov qog nqaij hlav qib 2 tuaj yeem nce mus rau theem no raws sijhawm. Kev phais ib leeg xwb tsis tuaj yeem kho tau lawv. Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj kho mob qog nqaij hlav yeej tsim nyog. |
| Qib 4 (Mob Cancer) | Cov no kuj hu ua glioblastoma . Qhov no yog hom astrocytoma uas muaj kev sib kis ntau tshaj plaws, loj hlob sai tshaj plaws, thiab muaj kev sib kis ntau tshaj plaws. Nws kuj yog hom mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub hlwb uas feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus. |
Leej twg yuav muaj feem kis tau tus kab mob no tshaj?
Astrocytoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua lub hnub nyoog, tab sis cov qib sib txawv feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov pab pawg hnub nyoog sib txawv.
- Qib 1: Feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas.
- Qib 2: Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg laus hnub nyoog ntawm 20 thiab 60 xyoo.
- Qib 3: Feem ntau rau cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 30 thiab 60 xyoo.
- Qib 4 (Glioblastoma): Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg laus hnub nyoog ntawm 50 thiab 80 xyoo.
Cov txiv neej muaj feem yuav mob astrocytomas hnyav (qib 3 thiab 4).
Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov no yog dab tsi?
Cov tsos mob nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm lub qog thiab nws qhov chaw nyob hauv lub hlwb. Vim tias ntau qhov ntawm lub hlwb tswj cov haujlwm sib txawv hauv peb lub cev, thaum lub qog nias rau ntawm qhov ntawd, cov tsos mob ntsig txog qhov ntawd tshwm sim.
Nov yog qee cov tsos mob uas tshwm sim ntau.
| Cov tsos mob | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Mob taub hau | Mob taub hau heev thaum sawv ntxov uas tsis teb rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob ib txwm muaj. |
| Xeev siab thiab ntuav | Xeev siab thiab ntuav yam tsis muaj laj thawj tshwj xeeb. |
| Qaug dab peg | Muaj mob qaug dab peg thawj zaug hauv lub neej. |
| Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus cwj pwm | Tsis nco qab, nyuaj rau tsom ntsoov, tus cwj pwm hloov pauv (cia li npau taws, tu siab), thiab tsis meej pem. |
| Kev tsis xis nyob ntawm lub cev | Teeb meem pom kev (pom tsis meej, pom ob sab), nyuaj hais lus (aphasia), loog lossis tsis muaj zog ntawm ib sab ntawm lub cev, thiab nyuaj taug kev. |
Yog koj muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob no ua ke, thov mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob sai li sai tau.
Dab tsi yog cov ua rau muaj astrocytoma?
Qhov tseeb, qhov ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov astrocytomas tseem tsis tau paub meej . Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim tsis tu ncua, tsis muaj qhov ua rau pom tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob qho kev pheej hmoo uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas.
1. Kev Raug Tshuaj Hluav Taws Xob: Kev kho mob hluav taws xob rau lub taub hau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, rau lwm yam mob qog noj ntshav yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob astrocytoma tom qab hauv lub neej.
2. Cov Mob Gene Tsis Tshua Muaj:Qee yam mob uas tsis tshua muaj, uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj ces yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob astrocytoma. Piv txwv li:
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Kab mob Neurofibromatosis hom 1 (NF1)
- Kab mob sclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha
- Kab mob Turcot
Yuav kuaj mob li cas?
Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob, nws yuav xub mloog koj cov tsos mob kom zoo thiab kuaj koj, tshwj xeeb yog kuaj mob hlwb.
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav raug xa mus rau ntau qhov kev kuaj mob kom saib sab hauv lub hlwb.
- Kev kuaj MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab meej tshaj plaws los nrhiav cov qog hauv hlwb.
- CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: Qhov kev kuaj no yog ua thaum MRI tsis tuaj yeem ua tau (piv txwv li, yog tias lub pacemaker raug cog rau hauv).
Yog tias daim scan no qhia txog qee yam tsis zoo hauv lub hlwb, ces yuav ua ib qho biopsy kom paub tseeb tias nws yog hom qog nqaij hlav dab tsi. Qhov no suav nrog kev phais tshem tawm ib daim me me ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav thiab kuaj nws hauv qab lub tshuab microscope. Qee zaum, cov nqaij no raug coj mus thaum lub sijhawm phais tib yam (resection) uas tshem tawm tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav.
Cov kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Kev kho mob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog hom (qib) ntawm lub qog, nws qhov loj me, nws qhov chaw nyob hauv lub hlwb, koj lub hnub nyoog, thiab koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Cov kws kho mob hlwb, cov kws phais hlwb, thiab cov kws kho mob oncologists feem ntau ua haujlwm ua ke los txiav txim siab txoj kev npaj kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb yog:
1. Kev phais mob
Kev phais yog thawj txoj kev kho mob thaum twg ua tau. Qhov no muaj ntau qhov zoo tseem ceeb:
- Yuav tau ib daim qauv nqaij los txheeb xyuas hom qog nqaij hlav kom meej.
- Koj tuaj yeem txo qhov kev nyuaj siab rau lub hlwb los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntau ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav li sai tau.
- Cov tsos mob uas tshwm sim tuaj yeem txo tau.
Yog tias cov qog nqaij hlav astrocytoma qib 1 tuaj yeem raug phais tshem tawm tag nrho, tus kab mob tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho.
2. Kev Kho Mob Ntxiv
Hauv cov mob hnyav (qib 2, 3, 4), yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv kom rhuav tshem cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav uas tseem tshuav tom qab phais.
- Kev Kho Mob Hluav Taws Xob: Kev siv cov hluav taws xob muaj zog heev (xws li X-rays) los tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav.
- Kev Kho Mob Qog Noj Ntshav: Muab cov tshuaj uas tua cov qe ntshav qog lossis tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev loj hlob. 'Temozolomide (TMZ)' yog ib hom tshuaj uas siv ntau rau qhov no.
- Cov teb kho mob qog nqaij hlav: Qhov no yog ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas hnav zoo li lub kaus mom hlau. Cov teb hluav taws xob uas nws tso tawm tswj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav. Qhov no yuav raug pom zoo rau glioblastoma (qib 4).
- Bevacizumab:Qhov no yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha uas xa ntshav mus rau lub qog, tswj kev loj hlob ntawm lub qog.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tias tus kab mob no yuav zoo li cas?
Tus kab mob no yuav zoo rov qab los thiab muaj sia nyob tau yog nyob ntawm ntau yam.
- Qib ntawm lub qog: Tus mob yuav hnyav dua thaum qib nce ntxiv.
- Tus nqi uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais: Yog tias muaj ntau dua ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem tshem tawm, cov txiaj ntsig yuav zoo dua.
- Hnub nyoog: Cov neeg hluas feem ntau tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
- Kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho: Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv zoo thaum kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob.
Feem ntau,
- Qib 1: Muaj peev xwm muaj sia nyob tau ntau tshaj 10 xyoo tom qab phais.
- Qib 2: Ntau tshaj 5 xyoos.
- Qib 3: Nruab nrab ntawm 2 thiab 5 xyoos.
- Qib 4 (Glioblastoma): Feem ntau li ib xyoos.
Tseem Ceeb: Thov nco ntsoov tias cov no tsuas yog cov nqi nruab nrab raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib pawg neeg coob. Cov no yuav txawv nyob ntawm koj tus kheej qhov xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob kom tau cov ntaub ntawv tseeb tshaj plaws txog koj qhov xwm txheej.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Astrocytoma yog ib hom qog nqaij hlav uas tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb lossis tus txha caj qaum. Muaj ob hom qog nqaij hlav thiab hom tsis yog qog nqaij hlav.
- Cov no raug muab faib ua pawg los ntawm qib 1 txog 4 raws li lawv qhov hnyav. Qib 1 yog qhov hnyav tsawg tshaj plaws, thiab qib 4 (Glioblastoma) yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws.
- Tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej cov tsos mob xws li mob taub hau ntau zaus, ntuav, qaug dab peg, thiab tsis nco qab. Yog tias cov tsos mob no tseem muaj, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
- Kev phais mob, kev kho mob hluav taws xob, thiab kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav yog cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb uas siv.
- Txawm hais tias kev kawm txog qog hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem ua rau ntshai heev, nrog kev kho mob zoo thiab cov lus qhia kho mob, koj tuaj yeem tswj koj cov tsos mob thiab txav mus nrog koj lub neej. Koj pab neeg kho mob yeej ib txwm npaj txhij los pab koj.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus