Koj puas tau xav txog seb peb lub cev sib pauv cov lus me me li cas los tawm tsam kab mob thiab pab ib leeg? Muaj qee qhov ntawm peb lub cev uas ua haujlwm zoo li cov tub xa xov me me zais cia.
Cytokines yog ib pawg tshuaj lom neeg uas ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb heev. Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog cov tub xa xov me me tab sis tseem ceeb heev no.
Cov cytokines yog dab tsi tiag?
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov cytokines yog ib hom protein. Lawv zoo li cov tshuaj xa xov uas sib txuas lus cov ntaub ntawv hauv peb
lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob . Xav txog peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua ib pab tub rog uas tiv thaiv lub teb chaws. Cov tub rog no muaj
ntau ceg sib txawv, cov tub rog. Leej twg thiaj xa cov tub rog no (piv txwv li cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob) cov lus zoo li, "Nov yog tus yeeb ncuab!" "Mus ntawm no thiab tawm tsam!" "Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej zoo li no!"? Qhov ntawd yog qhov
cov cytokines no ua. Thaum
cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob, cov kab mob, cov kab mob me me, lossis cov allergens nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, cov cytokines no qhia peb cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob kom "mus ua haujlwm, tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam no." Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis cov cytokines no pab kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm zoo thiab sib koom tes nrog ib leeg, txawm tias tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau peb lub cev. Ib yam li cov lus tau sib pauv kom peb lub chaw ua haujlwm khiav tau zoo.
Muaj cov cytokines hom twg?
Muaj ntau hom neeg sib txawv ntawm tsev neeg no uas yog cov neeg xa xov hu ua cytokines. Lawv txhua tus qhia cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob kom mus qhov twg thiab ua dab tsi. Tab sis muaj ntau hom, nyob ntawm lawv cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cia peb saib ob peb hom tseem ceeb.
- Chemokines: Cov no yog cov "kev taw qhia." Lawv zoo li GPS. Lawv yog cov uas coj cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob mus rau qhov chaw muaj kab mob, qhia rau lawv tias, "Los ntawm no."
- Interferons: Lub npe ntawm cov no txhais tau tias "cuam tshuam." Txhais li cas cuam tshuam? Lawv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv peb lub hlwb thiab ua ntau cov kab mob ('rov ua dua'). Nws zoo li muab ib daim ntawv rau cov kab mob uas hais tias, "Tsis txhob mus ntxiv lawm!"
- Interleukins: Lub npe no yog los ntawm cov lus "inter" (ntawm) thiab "leukocyte" (cov qe ntshav dawb). Yav tas los lawv xav tias cov tshuaj no tsuas yog sib txuas lus ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no lawv tau pom tias lawv kuj tsim los ntawm lwm cov qe ntshav thiab lawv kuj sib txuas lus ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb uas tsis yog.
- Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF): Qhov no zoo li lub npe tsis zoo, puas yog? Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yogNws tswj kev o , uas txhais tau tias o thiab liab. Nws kuj tseem ceeb toom cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob kom rhuav tshem cov hlwb qog .
- Cov Yam Uas Ua Rau Colony-Stimulating Factories (CSF): Cov no zoo li "cov thawj coj ntawm lub Hoobkas cell" hauv peb lub cev. Vim tias, muaj ib hom cell tshwj xeeb hu ua cov hlwb ntshav (HSC) . Cov hlwb no tuaj yeem ua txhua hom hlwb ntshav xws li cov hlwb ntshav dawb, cov hlwb ntshav liab, thiab cov platelets. Cov "txheej txheem tsim khoom" ( Hematopoiesis ) no tau txais kev pab los ntawm "CSF" no, uas yog, nws qhia cov hlwb ntshav kom "ua hom hlwb no". Piv txwv li, " G-CSF " pab ua ib hom hlwb ntshav dawb hu ua "Neutrophil" . Cov neutrophils no tseem ceeb heev rau kev tawm tsam kab mob.
Qee cov cytokines lwm yam raug muab npe raws li hom cell uas tsim lawv.
- Lymphokines: Vim tias lawv yog tsim los ntawm ib hom qe ntshav dawb hu ua lymphocytes.
- Monokines: Vim tias lawv raug tsim los ntawm ib hom qe ntshav dawb hu ua monocytes.
Cov cytokines pab peb lub cev li cas?
Thaum peb tham txog cytokines, feem ntau cov neeg xav txog
kev o . Thaum peb xav txog kev o, peb xav txog qhov o thiab liab uas tshwm sim thaum muaj mob lossis ua xua. Tab sis qhov o yog qhov tseeb tias peb lub cev cov qe ntshav tiv thaiv kab mob tab tom tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam lossis kho cov nqaij raug mob.
Xav txog thaum koj txiav koj tus ntiv tes, thaj chaw ntawd yuav o thiab liab, puas yog? Qhov ntawd yog kev o. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias cov cytokines raug xa mus rau qhov ntawd, hais tias, "Muaj teeb meem ntawm no, tuaj saib, thiab kho qhov txhab," thiab cov hlwb cuam tshuam raug coj los thiab pib ua haujlwm.
Yog li, cytokines zoo li cov tshuaj xa xov uas qhia rau cov cell "yuav ua li cas." Lawv feem ntau yog cov cim qhia xws li:
- Kev ua kom cov hlwb ua haujlwm: Qhia cov hlwb kom mus qhov twg thiab ua dab tsi. Piv txwv li, nws coj cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob mus rau qhov chaw muaj kab mob kom tawm tsam cov kab mob nyob ntawd. Nws kuj tseem qhia kom nce lossis txo cov txheej txheem ntsig txog kev o.
- Kev sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb:Qhov no zoo li ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia. Lawv coj cov hlwb uas tseem tsis tau loj hlob thiab cob qhia lawv kom "qhov no yog hom hlwb uas koj xav ua thaum koj loj hlob." Piv txwv li, lawv coj ib lub hlwb hluas thiab hloov nws mus ua ib lub hlwb ntshav dawb uas tuaj yeem tawm tsam kev kis kab mob.
- Kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb: Qhov no txhais tau tias "ua kom muaj neeg nyiam koj ntau dua." Nws zoo li ua daim ntawv theej. Piv txwv li, thaum koj xav tau cov hlwb dawb ntau dua los tawm tsam kev kis kab mob, koj qhia koj cov hlwb dawb uas twb muaj lawm kom "ua kom muaj neeg nyiam koj ntau dua."
Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis qee zaum cytokines kuj qhia peb lub cev cov hlwb kom "ua ntau cytokines." Tom qab ntawd qhov kev teb rau kev o tuaj yeem nce ntxiv.
Qhov txawv ntawm cov cytokines pro-inflammatory thiab anti-inflammatory yog dab tsi?
Thaum peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm tau zoo, cov cytokines ua rau muaj kev o thaum xav tau los tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam thiab kho cov nqaij. Tom qab ntawd, lawv hais tias, "Okay, txaus lawm, tsuas yog li ntawd xwb," thiab lawv txo thiab nres qhov o. Nws zoo li
lub accelerator (gas pedal) thiab lub nres ntawm lub tsheb.
- Cov cytokines uas ua rau mob: Cov no yog cov "gas pedals." Cov no yog cov txiv neej uas qhia tias mob pib thiab nce ntxiv. Thaum ib tug yeeb ncuab nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, lawv hais tias, "Txhua tus, npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua!"
- Cov cytokines tiv thaiv kev o: Cov no yog cov "nres". Cov no yog cov uas qhia kom nres thiab txo qhov o . Vim tias, yog tias qhov o nce ntau dhau, nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij zoo hauv peb lub cev puas tsuaj. Cov no yog cov uas tiv thaiv qhov ntawd.
Yog hais kom meej, kev tiv thaiv kev o kuj tseem ceeb ib yam li kev pib ua. Kev o ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob tsis xis nyob, muaj mob ntev, thiab qee zaum, yog tias tsis kho, tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Cov cytokines no ua haujlwm li cas?
Qhov no tshwm sim hauv ib txoj kev yooj yim heev. Xav txog cytokine ua
tus yuam sij , thiab muaj
'receptor' ntawm lub cell uas phim tus yuam sij ntawd. Thaum cytokine (tus yuam sij) mus thiab haum rau hauv 'receptor' ntawm lub cell ntawd, lub cell ntawd tau txais cov lus "Yuav ua li cas?". Tom qab ntawd lub cell ntawd ua raws li cov lus ntawd. Cia peb saib ib qho piv txwv. Yog tias ib qho ntawm peb cov cell tiv thaiv kab mob pom qee yam tsis zoo, zoo li tus kab mob, hauv lub cev, lub cell ntawd tso tawm cytokine. Cov cytokine no taug kev hla cov ntshav lossis hla cov ntaub so ntswg thiab pom lub cell uas muaj 'receptor' uas phim nws. Thaum cytokine khi rau 'receptor' ntawd, lub cell uas tau txais cov lus ntawd tau txais cov lus qhia. Tej zaum lub cell ntawd yuav mus rau qhov chaw uas tus kab mob nyob thiab pib tawm tsam nws. Lossis, nws yuav ua kom nws txoj kev tiv thaiv muaj zog kom tiv thaiv tus kab mob nkag mus. Cytokines tuaj yeem xa cov lus mus rau lub cell uas tso lawv tawm, mus rau cov cell nyob ze, lossis txawm tias rau cov cell uas nyob deb.
- Xa cov lus mus rau nws lub cell (`Autocrine signaling`):Cov cytokine khi rau lub receptor ntawm lub cell uas tso nws tawm.
- Paracrine signaling: khi rau cov receptors ntawm cov cell nyob ze.
- Kev xa xov ntawm Endocrine: Cytokines khi rau cov receptors ntawm cov cell deb ntawm lub cell uas tso lawv tawm.
Muaj cov cell thoob plaws peb lub cev uas muaj cytokine 'receptors. Qhov tseeb, ntau lub cev hauv peb lub cev muaj cov cell uas muaj cov 'receptors' no. Qhov no yog vim li cas o tuaj yeem tshwm sim txhua qhov chaw.
Cov cytokines los qhov twg los? Leej twg ua lawv?
Cov cytokines feem ntau hauv peb lub cev yog tsim
los ntawm cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob , uas yog cov qe ntshav dawb (leukocytes). Ib txhia ntawm cov no suav nrog:
- Cov macrophages
- Cov hlwb dendritic
- Cov Lymphocytes (T thiab B lymphocytes)
- Cov Monocytes
- Cov neutrophils
- Cov basophils
- Cov Eosinophils
- Cov hlwb mast
Tab sis tsis yog tsuas yog cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob xwb, tab sis ntau lwm hom hlwb hauv peb lub cev tuaj yeem tsim cov cytokines. Nov yog ob peb yam piv txwv:
- Cov hlwb Endothelial: Cov hlwb uas kab sab hauv ntawm peb cov hlab ntsha.
- Cov hlwb epithelial: Cov hlwb uas kab peb cov kabmob.
- Fibroblasts: Cov hlwb pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas.
- Cov hlwb stromal: Lwm hom hlwb uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas.
- Cov hlwb Schwann: Cov hlwb uas nyob ib puag ncig cov hlwb hlab ntsha (neurons).
Cov cytokine tib yam tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau hom cell sib txawv.
Cov kab mob twg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cytokines?
Cytokines yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab lawv tau txuas nrog ntau yam kab mob uas peb tuaj yeem tsim tau. Feem ntau, cytokines pab kom peb tsis txhob muaj kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tsim ntau cov cytokines. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog teb rau kev kis kab mob lossis ua ib feem ntawm kev kho mob xws li
kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob . Qhov no hu ua
cytokine release syndrome (CRS) lossis
cytokine storm . Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob uas cuam tshuam rau ntau yam ntawm peb lub cev. Yog tias tsis kho, qhov mob no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Thaum muaj ntau cov cytokines, qhov kev teb rau kev mob nce ntxiv. Qhov kev mob ntau dhau no tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij puas tsuaj, ua rau muaj kab mob xws li:
- Cov kab mob autoimmune: Qhov no yog thaum peb cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam peb cov hlwb noj qab haus huv tsis raug.
- Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov metabolism:Teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, uas yog cov txheej txheem uas peb lub cev hloov cov khoom noj mus ua lub zog thiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab.
- Mob qog noj ntshav
- Sepsis: Qhov no yog thaum lub cev cov kev mob hnyav heev ua rau cov ntshav ntws mus rau cov kabmob tseem ceeb txo qis. Sepsis yog ib qho xwm txheej ceev hauv kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Tiamsis tsis txhob txhawj. Yog tias koj lub cev muaj cov cytokine ntau ntxiv thiab koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm ntau dhau, koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau ntawv kho mob kom txo qhov o.
Lub vaj huam sib luag cytokine yog dab tsi?
Cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem nrhiav tau seb koj lub cev puas tsim cov cytokines ntau dhau lossis tsawg dhau. Lawv ua qhov no nrog ib yam dab tsi hu ua
cytokine panel . Qhov no yog kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim. Lawv coj ib qho qauv ntawm koj cov ntshav thiab xyuas cov theem ntawm cytokines uas cuam tshuam nrog kev o. Yog tias cov theem cytokine siab, nws txhais tau tias muaj kev o ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj tsim nyog tuaj yeem pib.
Cov yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm zaj dab neeg no yog
Yog li ntawd, tej zaum koj tam sim no nkag siab tias cov cytokines tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv peb lub cev. Ib yam li txhua yam,
kev noj qab haus huv yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Thaum cov cytokine signaling nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab txoj kev yog, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev kis kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov cytokine theem siab dhau, qhov ua rau mob o tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij yog tias tsis kho.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog qhov kev sib txuas lus zoo kawg no uas tshwm sim hauv peb lub cev. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov no, tsis txhob yig tham nrog kws kho mob.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus