Koj tus me nyuam puas muaj teeb meem hormonal? Cia peb tham txog tus kws kho mob endocrinologist rau menyuam yaus!

Qee zaum thaum peb xav txog cov kab mob uas peb cov menyuam yaus muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lawv zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, peb xav tias peb lub siab muaj lub nra hnyav heev, puas yog? Cov teeb meem ntsig txog cov tshuaj hormones zoo ib yam. Tab sis tsis tas yuav txhawj. Vim tias muaj cov kws tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem pab koj thiab koj tus menyuam thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no. Tus neeg ntawd yog tus kws kho mob endocrinologist menyuam yaus , lossis raws li peb hais ua lus Askiv, "Pediatric Endocrinologist". Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham ntxiv me ntsis txog tus kws tshwj xeeb no.

Leej twg yog tus kws kho mob endocrinologist rau menyuam yaus?

Hais yooj yim xwb, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txog cov tshuaj hormones rau menyuam yaus yog tus kws kho mob uas kuaj mob thiab kho cov kab mob ntsig txog cov tshuaj hormones rau menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas , uas yog, teeb meem nrog lub cev endocrine. Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj teeb meem nrog lub hnub nyoog laus , teeb meem kev loj hlob , cov mob xws li ntshav qab zib , lossis lwm yam mob ntsig txog cov tshuaj hormones thiab cov qog uas tsim lawv, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb no tuaj yeem pab tau.

Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog endocrinology li cas?

Kev kawm txog kab mob endocrine yog ib ceg ntawm kev kho mob uas kawm txog lub cev endocrine hauv peb lub cev. Lub cev no muaj cov qog endocrine, cov kab mob endocrine, thiab cov tshuaj hormones. Xav txog nws zoo li ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb rau peb lub cev los sib txuas lus.

Cov qog endocrine

Cov no yog cov nqaij tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev uas tsim cov tshuaj hormones thiab tso tawm rau hauv cov ntshav. Muaj ntau hom qog tseem ceeb:

• Cov qog adrenal: Cov no yog ob lub qog me me nyob saum peb lub raum. Lawv tsim cov tshuaj hormones uas teb rau kev ntxhov siab, nrog rau cov tshuaj hormones uas tswj cov ntsev.
• Pituitary gland : Lub qog me me no, zoo li pob txha nyob hauv qab lub hlwb tswj ntau lwm cov qog, yog li nws qee zaum hu ua "master gland."
• Thyroid : Lub qog no zoo li npauj npaim nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub caj dab tsim cov tshuaj hormones uas tswj qhov nrawm uas lub cev siv zog.
• Cov qog Parathyroid: Cov qog me me plaub no nyob tom qab cov qog thyroid tswj cov calcium hauv lub cev.

Cov kab mob endocrine

Cov kab mob no kuj tsim cov tshuaj hormones thiab ua lwm yam haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

• Pancreas : Lub cev no nyob rau hauv lub plab sab saud yog txuas nrog ntshav qab zib.Nws tsim cov tshuaj hormones insulin .
• Hypothalamus: Qhov no ntawm lub hlwb tswj cov pituitary gland.
• Cov zes qe menyuam : Ib feem ntawm lub cev poj niam lub cev uas tsim cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej.
• Cov noob qes : Ib feem ntawm lub cev txiv neej lub cev uas tsim cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej.

Cov tshuaj hormones

Cov tshuaj hormones zoo li cov tshuaj xa xov hauv peb lub cev. Lawv mus los ntawm ib lub qog mus rau lwm lub los ntawm cov ntshav thiab cuam tshuam rau lwm lub cev lossis cov nqaij. Cov tshuaj hormones cuam tshuam rau ntau yam txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev. Nov yog ob peb yam piv txwv:

• Metabolism : Tus txheej txheem uas lub cev hloov cov khoom noj mus ua lub zog thiab siv lub zog ntawd.
• Kev Loj Hlob: Txoj kev uas peb loj hlob siab dua thiab peb lub cev loj hlob.
• Kev yug me nyuam los ntawm kev sib deev: Tej yam xws li kev laus thiab lub peev xwm yug me nyuam.
• Pw tsaug zog: Tswj peb txoj kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev sawv.

Qhov txawv ntawm tus kws kho mob hormone rau menyuam yaus thiab tus kws kho mob hormone dav dav yog dab tsi?

Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb heev. Cov menyuam yaus tsis yog cov neeg me. Txoj kev uas lawv lub cev loj hlob thiab txoj kev uas lawv cov tshuaj hormones ua haujlwm txawv ntawm cov neeg laus. Cov teeb meem hormonal uas cov menyuam yaus ntsib kuj tuaj yeem txawv ntawm cov neeg laus ntsib. Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus yog cov kws kho mob uas tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb txog cov teeb meem hormonal no cuam tshuam li cas rau kev loj hlob thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem muab kev kho mob tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus.

Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txog cov tshuaj hormones rau menyuam yaus ua dab tsi? Lawv kho cov mob twg?

Ib tug kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem endocrine yuav kuaj mob, kho, thiab tswj ntau yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev endocrine ntawm tus menyuam. Cia peb saib qee yam ntawm cov mob no.

Cov teeb meem ntawm cov qog adrenal

Peb cov qog adrenal tsim ntau cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb. Qee qhov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog cov qog no suav nrog:

• Kab mob Addison: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub cev ntawm tus menyuam tsis tsim ob hom tshuaj hormones txaus, cortisol (ib hom tshuaj hormones uas teb rau kev ntxhov siab) thiab aldosterone (ib hom tshuaj hormones uas tswj cov ntsev).
• Kab mob adrenal hyperplasia txij thaum yug los: Qhov no yog ib qho mob caj ces uas cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam txoj kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones cortisol, aldosterone, thiab androgen (ib hom tshuaj hormones txiv neej).
• Cushing's syndrome:Qhov no kuj hu ua '(Hypercortisolism)'. Qhov uas tshwm sim ntawm no yog tias lub cev ntawm tus menyuam tsim cov tshuaj hormone '(Cortisol)' ntau dhau.

Cov mob ntawm pob txha thiab calcium

Muaj ntau yam tshuaj hormones ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom peb cov pob txha muaj zog thiab tswj cov calcium kom zoo.

• Hypercalcemia: Ib qho mob uas cov calcium hauv cov ntshav ntawm ib tug menyuam siab dua li qub.
• Hypocalcemia: Ib qho mob uas cov calcium hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam qis dua li qub.
• Kab mob pob txha (Rickets): Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis txaus Vitamin D. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov menyuam yaus cov pob txha tsis muaj zog thiab khoov.

Mob ntshav qab zib thiab cov teeb meem metabolic

Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txog cov tshuaj hormones rau menyuam yaus kuj kho cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev zom zaub mov, uas yog txoj hauv kev uas lub cev tsim lub zog. Mob ntshav qab zib yog ib qho mob uas pom ntau heev.

• Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1: Qhov no yog thaum tus menyuam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (autoimmune attack) rhuav tshem cov hlwb hauv lub txiav uas tsim insulin. Yog li ntawd, lub txiav tsis tuaj yeem tsim insulin.
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 2: Hauv qhov mob no, lub pancreas tsim cov insulin, tab sis lub cev tsis tuaj yeem siv nws kom raug. Qhov no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev rog dhau.
• Kev Rog Phem: Ib qho mob nyuaj thiab ntev ntev uas cov rog hauv lub cev ntau dhau thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov no kuj tseem tuaj yeem txuas nrog kev tsis sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones.

Kev mob ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib deev

Qee zaum, cov menyuam yaus yuav muaj kev txawv txav hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib deev. Piv txwv li, ib qho mob hu ua atypical genitalia . Qhov no yog ib qho mob caj ces tsis tshua muaj. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam lub qhov chaw mos sab nraud yuav tsis zoo li txiv neej lossis poj niam, tab sis yuav tshwm sim qhov twg nyob nruab nrab. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txog cov tshuaj hormones rau menyuam yaus tuaj yeem kuaj mob zoo li no thiab muab cov lus qhia thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog.

Cov kab mob endocrine caj ces

Qee qhov teeb meem hormonal tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv caj ces.

• Turner syndrome: Tus mob no tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov ntxhais xwb. Ib lossis tag nrho lawv cov chromosomes X ploj lawm. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau tej yam xws li kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm zes qe menyuam.
• Prader-Willi syndrome: Qhov no kuj yog ib qho mob caj ces. Nws cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam txoj kev zom zaub mov, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab tus cwj pwm (piv txwv li, kev tshaib plab ntau dhau, teeb meem kev loj hlob).

Cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev loj hlob thiab kev laus

Cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb heev rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug menyuam thiab rau lawv kom txog thaum lawv laus zuj zus raws sijhawm. Cov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv qhov no suav nrog:

• Qhov siab luv:Tus me nyuam luv dua 95% ntawm cov me nyuam uas muaj hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej zoo ib yam. Muaj ntau yam ua rau qhov no, ib qho yog qhov tsis txaus cov tshuaj hormones.
• Lub hnub nyoog laus ua ntej lub hnub nyoog : Yog tias ib tug ntxhais qhia txog lub hnub nyoog laus (piv txwv li, lub mis loj hlob rau cov ntxhais, cov noob qes loj hlob rau cov tub hluas) ua ntej hnub nyoog 8 xyoos, lossis ib tug tub hluas ua ntej hnub nyoog 9 xyoos, nws suav tias yog lub hnub nyoog laus ua ntej lub hnub nyoog.
• Kev laus qeeb : Yog tias kev laus tsis pib lig dua li qub, uas txhais tau tias ib tug ntxhais tseem tsis tau pom cov cim qhia tias nws laus thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos lossis ib tug tub thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, tej zaum nws yuav yog kev laus qeeb.

Cov kab mob ntawm cov qog pituitary

Raws li peb tau tham ua ntej lawm, lub qog pituitary tsim ntau yam tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb. Yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub qog no, ntau yam tsos mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

• Kab mob ntshav qab zib tsis qab zib: Qhov no tsis zoo ib yam li kab mob ntshav qab zib. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm no yog tias lub cev poob zis ntau dhau thiab tsis tuaj yeem khaws dej kom zoo. Kev nqhis dej ntau dhau kuj yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm qhov no.
• Hypopituitarism: Kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones tsis txaus los ntawm lub qog pituitary tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob, kev ua haujlwm ntawm thyroid, kev ua haujlwm ntawm adrenal, kev laus, thiab kev tswj kev nqhis dej.

Cov mob thyroid

Teeb meem tshwm sim seb cov tshuaj hormones uas cov thyroid tsim tawm puas tsawg lossis siab.

• Kab mob Goiter: Ib qho qog thyroid loj. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim txawm tias cov tshuaj hormones puas yog ib txwm muaj, qis, lossis siab.
• Hypothyroidism: Cov qog thyroid tsis tso cov tshuaj hormones thyroid txaus rau hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev qeeb qeeb, ua rau hnyav nce, thiab ua rau cem quav.
• Hyperthyroidism: Ib qho mob uas cov qog thyroid tsim cov tshuaj hormones thyroid ntau dhau thiab tso nws mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv dhia ceev ceev, poob phaus, thiab tawm hws ntau ntxiv.

Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txog cov tshuaj hormones rau menyuam yaus thawj zaug, koj yuav tsum xav li cas?

Thaum koj thiab koj tus menyuam thawj zaug ntsib kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txog cov tshuaj hormones rau menyuam yaus, tus kws kho mob yuav nug koj ntau yam txog koj tus menyuam cov tsos mob, keeb kwm kev kho mob hauv tsev neeg, thiab cov tshuaj uas koj tus menyuam tab tom noj tam sim no . Nws kuj tseem yuav kuaj lub cev . Qee zaum, kev kuaj ntshav thiab kev luam theej duab yuav raug pom zoo. Tsis txhob txhawj, tag nrho cov no yog ua kom tau lub tswv yim zoo dua ntawm koj tus menyuam tus mob.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhia rau tus kws kho mob txhua yam uas koj paub, txawm tias me me los xij. Qhov no yuav pab lawv kuaj mob tau zoo.

Koj ua li cas los ua tus kws tshwj xeeb txog cov tshuaj hormones rau menyuam yaus?

Nws kuj zoo kom paub qhov no. Tus kws kho mob endocrinologist rau menyuam yaus yog ib tus neeg uas ua tiav daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab hauv kev kho mob dav dav (4-5 xyoos) thiab tom qab ntawd kawm tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho mob menyuam yaus (kwv yees li 3 xyoos). Tom qab ntawd, lawv yuav tsum kawm ntxiv 3 xyoos ntawm kev kawm tshwj xeeb (kev sib raug zoo) hauv kev kho mob endocrinology rau menyuam yaus, uas yog, cov kab mob hormonal rau menyuam yaus. Kev kawm no kuj yuav tsum tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas kev kawm kho mob uas tau lees paub (xws li Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education - ACGME). Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv uas tau lees paub xws li American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) kuj lees paub lawv qhov kev txawj ntse. Vim yog kev kawm ntev no uas lawv tau txais kev paub tob txog qhov chaw nyuaj no.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, uas yog, nyob rau hauv Sri Lanka, txoj kev los ua tus kws pab tswv yim Pediatric Endocrinologist yog txawv me ntsis. Nws yog ua los ntawm PGIM (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine) koom tes nrog University of Colombo.

Hauv Sri Lanka, txoj kev taug kev no mus raws li qhov kev txiav txim no:

1. Kev Tsim Nyog Yooj Yim (MBBS & Kev Xyaum Ua Haujlwm): Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav MBBS los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv kho mob, ua tiav qhov kev xyaum ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua, thiab sau npe nrog SLMC.

2. Kev Xeem Nkag (Kev Xeem Xaiv): Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum xeem dhau "MD (Paediatrics) Selection Exam" uas PGIM ua. Qhov no yog kev xeem sib tw.

3. Kev Kawm Txog Kev Kho Mob Me Nyuam Yaus - Tus Neeg Sau Npe: Thaum koj xeem dhau, koj yuav muaj li 3 xyoos ntawm kev kawm (lub sijhawm sau npe). Hauv qhov no, koj yuav kawm feem ntau txog kev kho mob me nyuam yaus.

4. Kev Xeem MD: Thaum kawg ntawm 3 xyoos no, muaj "Kev Xeem MD (Paediatrics)". Kev dhau qhov no yog qhov kev tsim nyog yooj yim los ua "kws kho mob tshwj xeeb".

5. Kev Xaiv Kev Tshwj Xeeb Me: Tom qab dhau MD, ib tug yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb yuav mus rau qhov twg. Ntawm qhov ntawd, ib tug yuav tsum xaiv qhov kev tshwj xeeb me hu ua "Paediatric Endocrinology" (cov tshuaj hormones rau menyuam yaus). (Qhov no muaj nyob rau ntawm Kev Tsim Nyog thiab cov haujlwm tsis muaj neeg ua).

6. Kev Kawm Tom Qab MD - Tus Neeg Sau Npe Qib Siab: Qhov no yog qhov chaw pib kev kawm tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuaj hormones. Feem ntau qhov no siv sijhawm li 2-3 xyoos.

   • Kev Kawm Hauv Zos:Koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm li ib xyoos hauv chav kho mob hormone rau menyuam yaus ntawm tsev kho mob loj hauv Sri Lanka.

   • Kev Kawm Txawv Tebchaws: Koj yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos txawv tebchaws (feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv UK lossis Australia) ntawm ib lub chaw uas tau lees paub.

7. Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Los Ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj: Thaum ua tiav tag nrho cov no, koj yuav tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ua "Pawg Thawj Coj Tus Kws Pab Tswv Yim Rau Me Nyuam Yaus Endocrinologist" los ntawm PGIM.

Yog li, ib yam li cov txheej txheem dav dav uas tau hais ua ntej, hauv Sri Lanka thiab, qhov no yog ib txoj kev taug kev uas xav tau kev mob siab rau lwm 6-7 xyoo tom qab MBBS.

Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm qhov peb tau tham txog yog dab tsi? (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

• Yog koj xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj teeb meem ntsig txog cov tshuaj hormones, kev loj hlob, kev laus zuj zus, lossis ntshav qab zib, ua ntej tshaj plaws nrog koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg lossis kws kho menyuam yaus tham.
• Yog tias lawv xav tias tsim nyog, lawv yuav xa koj mus rau tus kws kho mob endocrinologist rau menyuam yaus.
• Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb no yog cov kws kho mob uas muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb thiab kev cob qhia txog cov teeb meem hormones rau menyuam yaus. Lawv tuaj yeem kuaj mob tus menyuam kom raug thiab muab cov kev kho mob thiab kev tswj hwm zoo tshaj plaws.
• Nco ntsoov tias, cov teeb meem hormonal ntawm cov menyuam yaus txawv ntawm cov neeg laus, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.

Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj ib qho ntawm cov mob no, tsis txhob ntshai, thiab nrhiav kev kho mob kom zoo. Muaj cov kev daws teeb meem rau txhua yam! Cov Tshuaj Hormones, Pediatrics, Kev Loj Hlob, Puberty, Ntshav Qab Zib, Endocrine System, Pediatric Hormone Specialist