Peb txhua tus muaj ntshav hauv peb lub cev, tab sis koj puas paub tias tsis yog txhua tus neeg cov ntshav zoo ib yam? Ib yam li cov ntiv tes, peb cov hom ntshav txawv ntawm ib leeg. Txawm koj xav pub ntshav lossis txais ntshav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub meej tias koj cov hom ntshav yog dab tsi. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog cov hom ntshav no, lawv qhov sib txawv, thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov ntshav no yog hom twg?
Hais yooj yim xwb, koj cov hom ntshav yog txiav txim los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces uas koj tau txais los ntawm koj niam thiab koj txiv. Peb txhua tus muaj cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov ntshav zoo ib yam. Uas yog, cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, cov platelets, thiab cov kua hu ua plasma uas ntab ncig lawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov hom ntshav sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg. Qhov ntawd yog cov hom protein tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm peb cov qe ntshav liab. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu cov antigens no. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov kua ntawm cov ntshav, uas yog, plasma, muaj lwm hom protein tshwj xeeb, uas hu ua antibodies .
Yog li, koj cov hom ntshav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm hom antigens ntawm qhov chaw ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab thiab hom antibodies hauv koj cov ntshav.
Cov hom ntshav tseem ceeb thiab lawv qhov sib txawv
Muaj 8 hom ntshav uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb no. Cov no muab faib ua 4 pawg tseem ceeb. Lawv yog A, B, AB thiab O. Qhov kev faib tawm no hu ua ABO system . Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb, uas yog Rh factor . Cia peb saib qhov ntawd thiab.
ABO ntshav pawg system
Qhov no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm seb puas muaj cov antigens hu ua A thiab B nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
| Pawg Ntshav | Antigen ntawm Cov Qe Ntshav Liab | Cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv Plasma |
|---|---|---|
| Pawg A | Muaj ib qho antigen A. | Muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob B. |
| Pawg B | Muaj cov tshuaj B antigen | Muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob A. |
| Pawg AB | Muaj ob qho tib si A thiab B antigens. | Tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv A lossis B |
| Qeb O | Tsis muaj A lossis B antigens | Muaj ob qho tib si A thiab B antibodies. |
Rh Factor yog dab tsi?
Qhov no yog lwm hom antigen uas pom muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
- Yog koj muaj Rh factor hauv koj cov ntshav, koj cov ntshav hom yog "positive / +" . (Piv txwv li: A+, B+, O+)
- Yog koj tsis muaj Rh factor hauv koj cov ntshav, koj cov ntshav hom yog "Negative / -" . (Piv txwv li: A-, AB-, O-)
Cov pawg ABO thiab Rh factor no sib koom ua ke los ua 8 hom ntshav tseem ceeb uas peb paub.
Kev Pub Ntshav thiab Kev Txais Ntshav - Vim Li Cas Kev Sib Tw Thiaj Tseem Ceeb?
Ua ntej xyoo 1901, cov kws kho mob xav tias txhua tus neeg muaj tib hom ntshav. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau tus neeg tuag los ntawm kev pub ntshav thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb hu ua Karl Landsteiner tau tshawb pom cov hom ntshav no.
Yog tias ob hom ntshav uas tsis sib xws sib xyaw ua ke, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg txais yuav pib tawm tsam cov ntshav txawv teb chaws. Qhov no ua rau cov qe ntshav liab lo ua ke thiab txhaws. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj heev, txawm tias tuag taus, xws li ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, kev sib phim hom ntshav yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum pub ntshav thiab txais ntshav.
Cov ntshav hom O tsis zoo (O-) hu ua "Universal Donor . " Qhov no yog vim tias cov ntshav hom O- tsis muaj cov antigens A, B, lossis Rh, yog li nws tuaj yeem muab rau leej twg nrog txhua hom ntshav. Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, xws li muaj xwm txheej, thaum tsis muaj sijhawm los kuaj hom ntshav ntawm tus neeg mob, cov ntshav hom O- feem ntau raug muab.
Hom ntshav AB zoo (AB+) hu ua "Universal Recipient".Los yog "tus neeg tau txais thoob ntiaj teb." Qhov no yog vim tias cov ntshav AB+ tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob A lossis B, yog li nws tuaj yeem txais cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm txhua hom ntshav.
Los ntawm lub rooj no, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim tias koj tuaj yeem pub ntshav rau leej twg thiab koj tuaj yeem txais nws los ntawm leej twg.
| Koj hom ntshav | Koj tuaj yeem pub ntshav. | Koj tuaj yeem tau ntshav. |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| O+ | O+, A+, B+, AB+ | O+, O- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| AB+ | Tsuas yog AB+ xwb | Txhua hom ntshav |
| A- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | A-, O- |
| O- | Txhua hom ntshav (Universal Donor) | O-xwb xwb |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, O- |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
Vim li cas hom ntshav thiaj tseem ceeb thaum cev xeeb tub?
Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb rau ntau tus neeg. Tshwj xeeb, yog tias leej niam cov ntshav yog Rh negative (Rh-) thiab tus menyuam hauv plab tau txais cov ntshav los ntawm leej txiv thiab yog Rh positive (Rh+), ces yuav muaj qee yam teeb meem.
Qhov no tshwm sim vim tias lub cev ntawm leej niam lees paub cov qe ntshav liab ntawm tus menyuam Rh+ ua 'txawv teb chaws' thiab pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam lawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev xeeb tub zaum ob thiab tom qab ntau dua li thawj zaug. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab ntawm tus menyuam.
Tiam sis tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum ntshai. Tam sim no muaj cov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau qhov no. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj xyuas koj cov ntshav thaum ntxov hauv koj cev xeeb tub. Yog tias koj yog Rh-, koj yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hu ua Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) tsis tu ncua kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau tus menyuam.
Puas muaj kev sib txuas ntawm hom ntshav thiab lwm yam kab mob?
Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov cov dab neeg zoo li "Cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav no yuav muaj mob ntau dua" thiab "Cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav ntawd muaj kev noj qab haus huv zoo dua." Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov neeg uas muaj hom ntshav A, B, lossis AB yuav muaj cov kab mob xws li kab mob plawv ntau dua, tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov txiav txim siab.
Nco ntsoov tias, koj hom ntshav tsis ua rau koj mob. Nws raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, xws li koj txoj kev ua neej, kev noj zaub mov, kev tawm dag zog, thiab keeb kwm tsev neeg muaj kab mob. Tsis muaj hom ntshav twg "zoo dua" lossis "phem dua" dua lwm hom. Nws tsuas yog ib yam dab tsi uas peb tau txais los ntawm peb tus kheej, xws li xim qhov muag lossis qhov siab.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj ib txhia neeg tham txog "Kev Noj Haus Hom Ntshav." Tab sis tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj txog cov no. Yog li ntawd, kev noj zaub mov kom sib npaug yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua tus.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Koj cov hom ntshav yog txiav txim los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces uas koj tau txais los ntawm koj niam koj txiv. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv.
- Thaum pub ntshav los yog txais ntshav, kev sib phim cov ntshav yog ib txoj kev cawm txoj sia. Kev txais cov ntshav uas tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
- Thaum cev xeeb tub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab los ntawm kws kho mob, tshwj xeeb yog tias leej niam yog Rh- thiab tus menyuam yog Rh+. Tam sim no muaj cov kev kho mob zoo rau qhov no.
- Cov ntshav hom O tsis zoo (O-) yog "tus neeg pub ntshav rau txhua tus" uas tuaj yeem pub rau txhua tus. Cov ntshav hom AB zoo (AB+) yog "tus neeg txais ntshav rau txhua tus" uas tuaj yeem txais ntshav ntawm txhua tus.
- Tsis muaj hom ntshav twg "noj qab nyob zoo" lossis "phem dua" dua li lwm hom. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai koj hom ntshav yam tsis tsim nyog.
- Yog koj tsis paub koj hom ntshav, nws tsim nyog nug koj tus kws kho mob txog nws thaum koj pub ntshav.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus