Peb puas yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog mob qog nqaij hlav Epithelial Ovarian?

Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam Epithelial? Lub npe yuav zoo li nyuaj me ntsis, tab sis nws yog ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam uas feem ntau muaj rau cov poj niam. Cia peb tham txog nws yooj yim, hauv txoj kev uas koj nkag siab tau. Vim tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog tej yam zoo li no.

Mob Cancer Epithelial Ovarian yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam epithelial yog hom mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam uas feem ntau pom. Mob qog nqaij hlav no tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub nyias nyias sab nraud ntawm zes qe menyuam, hu ua epithelial tissue. Xav txog nws zoo li ib daim nyias nyias uas nyob ib puag ncig zes qe menyuam.

Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis qee zaum tus mob qog noj ntshav no kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv daim ntaub ntawm cov raj fallopian lossis txawm tias nyob rau hauv peritoneum, cov ntaub so ntswg uas npog cov kabmob hauv plab. Cov kws kho mob kuj suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav fallopian thiab mob qog noj ntshav peritoneal thawj zaug hauv tib pawg li mob qog noj ntshav epithelial ovarian vim tias cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob rau cov mob no zoo sib xws heev.

Kab mob cancer no muaj ntau npaum li cas?

Mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam yog mob qog nqaij hlav thib ob uas tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws rau poj niam, tom qab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam/endometrial. Feem ntau, ib tug poj niam muaj 1 ntawm 78 tus uas yuav muaj mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam hauv nws lub neej.

Xyoo 2021 xwb, muaj ntau tshaj 21,400 tus neeg tau kuaj pom tias muaj mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam. Cuaj ntawm kaum tus ntawm cov no tau tshaj tawm tias yog mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam epithelial. Mob qog nqaij hlav no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov poj niam hnub nyoog tshaj 65 xyoos.

Cov hom mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial ovarian yog dab tsi?

Kwv yees li peb feem plaub ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial ovarian yog cov mob qog nqaij hlav serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC). "Qib siab" txhais tau tias cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav no loj hlob thiab kis tau sai dua li cov mob qog nqaij hlav "qib qis".

Cov kws kho mob ntseeg tias hom HGSOC no loj hlob qeeb thaum xub thawj, tab sis nws yuav siv sijhawm txog rau thiab ib nrab xyoo rau nws kom kis tau los ntawm cov raj fallopian mus rau cov zes qe menyuam. Tab sis thaum nws mus txog cov zes qe menyuam, nws kis tau sai heev. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam rau daim ntaub ntawm lub plab (peritoneum) thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Kwv yees li 70% ntawm cov neeg mob HGSOC raug kuaj pom tias muaj tus kab mob no thaum lub sijhawm 3 lossis 4. Qhov no txhais tau tias tus mob qog noj ntshav tau kis mus dhau qhov qog thawj thiab tam sim no yog tus mob qog noj ntshav metastatic.

Muaj lwm hom mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial ovarian uas tsis tshua muaj neeg pom:

• Endometrioid carcinoma:Hom no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg uas muaj mob endometriosis, uas cuam tshuam rau daim ntaub ntawm lub tsev menyuam (endometrium). Nws teb tau zoo dua rau kev kho mob chemotherapy dua li lwm hom.
• Mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam qib qis (LGSOC): Qhov no yog mob qog nqaij hlav uas loj hlob qeeb. Nws tshwm sim rau cov poj niam hluas (hnub nyoog ntawm 45 thiab 57 xyoo). Nws suav txog li 10% ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam epithelial. Tus kab mob feem ntau loj hlob thaum kuaj pom, thiab nws tsis teb zoo rau kev kho mob chemotherapy. Txawm hais tias mob qog nqaij hlav qib qis loj hlob qeeb, lawv tsis tshua muaj feem yuav dhau los ua mob qog nqaij hlav qib siab.
• Mob qog nqaij hlav mucinous: Cov qog no txawv ntawm lwm hom thiab teb tau zoo rau kev kho mob. Feem ntau lawv loj (kwv yees li 8 nti lossis 20 centimeters). Lawv feem ntau tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau lub zes qe menyuam xwb.
• Mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam (OCCC): Cov poj niam Es Xias thiab cov neeg uas muaj mob endometriosis muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav no ntau dua. Feem ntau tus kab mob no loj zuj zus thaum kuaj pom. Nws tsis teb zoo rau kev kho mob chemotherapy.
• Mob qog nqaij hlav squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ntawm lub zes qe menyuam: Hom mob SCC no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov mob tsis muaj mob qog nqaij hlav/tsis muaj mob qog nqaij hlav. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub zes qe menyuam, endometriosis, lossis Brenner qog nqaij hlav (cov qog nqaij hlav khov kho, tsis zoo li qub hauv lub zes qe menyuam). Yog tias ntes tau thaum ntxov, nws teb tau zoo rau kev kho mob.

Dab tsi ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial ovarian?

Qhov tseeb, qhov ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov mob qog noj ntshav, suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav epithelial ovarian, tseem tsis tau paub meej. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tshiab qhia tias feem ntau cov mob qog noj ntshav ovarian yeej pib hauv cov hlwb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov raj fallopian. Tom qab ntawd lawv kis mus rau ovaries.

Cov yam uas ua rau muaj tus mob qog noj ntshav no yog dab tsi?

Ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov neeg uas kuaj pom tias muaj mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 65 xyoos thiab tau dhau los ntawm kev tas hli, uas txhais tau tias lawv lub voj voog kev coj khaub ncaws tau tso tseg lawm.

Tej yam uas yuav ua rau muaj feem mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam ntau ntxiv. Lawv yog:

• Yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg tau muaj mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam, mob qog nqaij hlav mis, lossis mob qog nqaij hlav colorectal/colon.
• Yog tias koj tau txais kev hloov pauv (kev hloov pauv) hauv BRCA gene.
• Yog tias koj tau txais ib qho noob caj noob ces uas txuas nrog rau cov mob qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev neeg, xws li Lynch syndrome.
• Yog tias koj noj tshuaj hormones los tswj cov tsos mob ntawm menopause.
• Muaj ib tug menyuam tom qab hnub nyoog 35 xyoo lossis tsis tau yug menyuam mus txog hnub nyoog puv sijhawm.
• Kev rog dhau .

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial ovarian yog dab tsi?

Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem rau ntau tus neeg. Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub zes qe menyuam feem ntau muaj tsawg heev cov tsos mob thaum ntxov. Cov tsos mob tsuas yog pom tseeb tom qab tus kab mob tau kis mus me ntsis. Thaum nws kis mus rau daim nyias nyias uas npog cov kabmob hauv plab (peritoneum), cov kua dej tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv plab. Qhov no hu ua ascites.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tej zaum yuav muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

• Mob plab.
• Noj mov nyuaj los yog xav tias puv tom qab noj me me.
• Xeev siab thiab ntuav.
• Kev o.
• Mob duav.

Kuj tseem muaj cov tsos mob uas tsis tshua pom:

• Yuam kom tsis txhob tso zis lossis tso zis ntau zaus (lub zais zis ua haujlwm ntau dhau).
• Kev los ntshav ntawm qhov chaw mos txawv txawv.

Tseem Ceeb: Muaj cov tsos mob no tsis tas txhais tau tias koj muaj mob qog noj ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lawv tseem muaj, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus ntsib kws kho mob kom tau txais kev qhia.

Yuav kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm zes qe menyuam epithelial li cas?

Tu siab kawg li, tsis muaj kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam thaum nws tseem hluas. Feem ntau kev kuaj mob tsuas yog ua yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob lossis muaj feem yuav mob heev. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua qhov kev kuaj mob hauv plab ua ntej kom paub seb puas muaj qog lossis o.

Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem kuaj ntshav los xyuas seb muaj pes tsawg hom protein hu ua 'CA-125'. Cov 'CA-125' no sawv cev rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob cancer antigen 125. Yog tias qib siab, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv.

Kev kuaj duab zoo li no tuaj yeem pab kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam:

• Kev kuaj mob ultrasound transvaginal.
• Kev kuaj CT scan.
• Kev kuaj MRI (MRI).
• Kev thaij duab Positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
• Duab X-ray hauv siab (kom pom seb tus mob qog noj ntshav puas tau kis mus rau lub ntsws).

Qee zaum yuav muaj ib txoj kev phais hu ua laparoscopy. Qhov no zoo li kev phais, tab sis nws ua yam tsis tau txiav loj. Qhov no tso cai rau tus kws kho mob saib koj cov noob qes. Lawv kuj tseem yuav coj cov qauv nqaij (biopsy) los ntawm ib lub pob kom pom tias puas muaj cov qe ntshav dawb nyob ntawd. Qhov kev kuaj no yog tib txoj kev los paub tseeb tias koj puas muaj mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam.

Cov theem ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial ovarian yog dab tsi?

Kev paub txog theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav pab cov kws kho mob nkag siab txog kev nce qib ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev txiav txim siab seb mob qog noj ntshav puas tau kis mus rau lwm qhov thiab rau kev txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob. Theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kev kuaj mob uas siv los kuaj mob qog noj ntshav.

Muaj plaub theem tseem ceeb ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam. Qee theem muaj cov theem me. Tus lej theem siab dua, tus mob qog nqaij hlav ntawd loj zuj zus.

• Theem 1: Tus mob qog nqaij hlav tsuas yog nyob hauv ib lub zes qe menyuam lossis ib lub raj fallopian xwb.
• Theem 2: Tus mob qog nqaij hlav tau kis mus rau lub tsev menyuam lossis daim ntaub ntawm lub plab (peritoneal cavity).
• Theem 3: Tus mob qog nqaij hlav tau kis mus rau lwm cov kabmob sab nraum lub duav, mus rau cov qog ntshav, lossis ob qho tib si.
• Theem 4: Cov qe mob qog nqaij hlav muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua dej nyob ib puag ncig lub ntsws, cov qog ntshav hauv thaj tsam qhov chaw mos, lwm yam kabmob, lossis lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Puas kho tau mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam epithelial?

Cov kws phais mob ua ib qho kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntau li ntau tau. Qhov no ua raws li kev kho mob chemotherapy. Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov neeg zoo thaum xub thawj, tus kab mob tuaj yeem rov qab los rau ntau tus neeg tom qab.

Cov neeg mob uas tseem nyob rau theem pib yuav txiav txim siab tsuas yog tshem tawm cov zes qe menyuam thiab cov raj fallopian uas muaj mob xwb.

Rau cov neeg uas muaj mob qog nqaij hlav uas mob hnyav heev, feem ntau yuav phais tshem cov qog tawm kom tshem tawm cov qog xws li:

• Tshem tawm ob lub raj fallopian thiab ob lub zes qe menyuam (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy).
• Tshem tawm lub tsev menyuam (hysterectomy).
• Tshem tawm cov nqaij rog (omentum) uas npog lub plab (omentectomy).
• Tshem tawm cov qog ntshav ib puag ncig.
• Tshem tawm lwm qhov chaw mob (xws li txoj hnyuv me, txoj hnyuv loj, lossis tus po).

Lwm yam kev kho mob yog dab tsi?

Nyob ntawm seb hom mob qog noj ntshav li cas, tej zaum koj yuav tau txais ib lossis ntau yam kev kho mob no tom qab phais:

• Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav: Tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav. Qhov no siv cov tshuaj xws li platinum compounds (carboplatin) thiab paclitaxel (Taxol®) lossis docetaxel (Taxotere®).
• Kev siv tshuaj kho mob hauv plab: Txhawm rau kho mob qog nqaij hlav theem 3, cov tshuaj cisplatin thiab paclitaxel raug txhaj ncaj qha rau hauv lub plab los ntawm kev phais mob catheter (lub raj nyias, khoob).
• Kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob uas xav tau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb: Cov tshuaj xws li Bevacizumab (Avastin®) tiv thaiv cov hlwb qog noj ntshav kom tsis txhob loj hlob thiab sib kis.
• Kev Kho Mob Hluav Taws Xob: Siv cov teeb hluav taws xob X-ray muaj zog heev los tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav.

Puas tiv thaiv tau mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam epithelial?

Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov poj niam uas noj cov tshuaj hormones tswj kev yug me nyuam rau tsib xyoos lossis ntau dua tuaj yeem txo lawv txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam li ib nrab.

Qee qhov kev phais kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Kev phais kom tiv thaiv mob qog noj ntshav hu ua kev phais tiv thaiv. Qhov no suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov raj fallopian thiab zes qe menyuam, nrog lossis tsis muaj lub tsev menyuam. Qhov no feem ntau yog xav txog rau cov poj niam uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab vim yog keeb kwm tsev neeg (xws li cov neeg uas muaj BRCA mutation lossis Lynch syndrome). Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws kho mob qhia tias cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog ua yog tias tsim nyog kho mob. Qhov no yog vim tias kev tshem tawm cov zes qe menyuam tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm tsis muaj menyuam ntxov, uas tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub cev.

Cov kev phais no tsis tshem tawm tag nrho qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Ib txhia neeg yuav muaj mob qog noj ntshav uas tsis pom thaum lub sijhawm phais. Cov neeg uas muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm BRCA gene tseem tuaj yeem tsim mob qog noj ntshav peritoneal thawj zaug txawm tias lawv cov hlab ntsha fallopian thiab ovaries raug tshem tawm. Nug koj tus kws kho mob txog kev kuaj BRCA kom paub seb koj puas muaj BRCA gene.

Yuav ua li cas rau cov neeg uas muaj mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial ovarian cancer?

Txhua xyoo muaj neeg tuag ntau tshaj 13,000 tus los ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam. Nws yog qhov ua rau poj niam tuag los ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav thib tsib. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev cia siab rau cov kev kho mob tshiab uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev sim tshuaj. Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tseem tab tom ua haujlwm los kuaj pom tus kab mob thaum ntxov.

Yog tias pom muaj mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub zes qe menyuam ua ntej nws kis mus rau lwm qhov, tus nqi ciaj sia tsib xyoos yog ntau dua 90%. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tus mob qog nqaij hlav kis mus rau lwm qhov (metastasized), tus nqi no yuav poob qis mus txog li 30%.

Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kev kwv yees ntawm mob qog noj ntshav:

• Qhov uas tus mob qog noj ntshav tau kis mus rau qhov twg.
• Kev kho mob ua tiav.
• Qhov chaw, qhov loj, thiab tus lej ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav (theem ntawm qog nqaij hlav).

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob?

Yog koj muaj ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob no, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd:

• Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov zaus lossis qhov ceev ntawm kev tso zis.
• Tsis xav noj mov los yog xav tias puv tom qab noj me me.
• Mob plab lossis mob hauv lub duav tsis muaj laj thawj.

Koj yuav tsum nug koj tus kws kho mob li cas?

Koj tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug ntawm tus kws kho mob zoo li no:

• Kuv puas yuav tsum tau kuaj BRCA?
• Kuv muaj hom mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial ovarian twg?
• Kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau kuv yog dab tsi?
• Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
• Kuv puas muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav kis mus rau lwm qhov chaw (metastatic cancer)? Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawd?
• Kuv puas yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog cov teeb meem?

Mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam twg yog hom mob hnyav tshaj plaws?

Mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam uas loj hlob sai heev (HGSOC) yog ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam uas mob hnyav heev. Txawm hais tias mob qog nqaij hlav no pib loj hlob qeeb qeeb hauv cov raj qe menyuam, nws kis tau sai heev thaum nws mus txog zes qe menyuam. Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau tus neeg uas muaj HGSOC muaj mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam uas tau nce qib/metastatic thaum lawv kuaj pom.

Puas muaj peev xwm muaj cov cysts ovarian epithelial uas tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav (benign)?

Yog. Qhov tseeb, feem ntau cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub zes qe menyuam tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav. Qee cov qog nqaij hlav hu ua cov qog nqaij hlav ciam teb lossis cov qog nqaij hlav loj hlob tsis zoo. Cov no yav dhau los hu ua cov qog nqaij hlav uas muaj peev xwm ua rau mob qog noj ntshav tsawg.

Hauv cov qog nqaij hlav uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub zes qe menyuam, cov qe menyuam uas tsis zoo yuav loj hlob mus rau hauv cov nqaij epithelial tab sis tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov nqaij uas txhawb nqa lub zes qe menyuam (stroma). Cov qe menyuam no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam thiab tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua mob qog noj ntshav. Yog tias mob qog noj ntshav tshwm sim, peb ntawm plaub yog theem 1 (nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam thiab yooj yim kho). Cov qog nqaij hlav no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg hluas.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

Mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam epithelial yog hom mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam uas feem ntau pom. Nws kuj suav nrog mob qog nqaij hlav fallopian tube thiab mob qog nqaij hlav peritoneal thawj zaug. Mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam feem ntau muaj cov tsos mob me ntsis xwb thaum nws tseem hluas. Feem ntau tus kab mob no loj heev uas tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom thaum kuaj pom. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau hom mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial uas feem ntau pom, hu ua 'HGSOC'.

Yog tias koj muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam (xws li keeb kwm tsev neeg), nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nug koj tus kws kho mob txog seb cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv puas yog rau koj. Ib txwm saib xyuas koj lub cev. Tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej txog cov tsos mob txawv txawv. Nrhiav kev pab tswv yim los ntawm kws kho mob.

Mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam, mob qog nqaij hlav epithelial, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov poj niam, cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav, kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav, BRCA gene, kev kho mob poj niam