Koj puas muaj hnoos uas tsis ploj mus li ob peb hnub, lossis cov tsos mob ntawm kev kis kab mob ntawm txoj hlab zis uas ua rau koj ntxhov siab? Tej zaum thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob, nws tau sau ib qho kev kuaj mob hu ua 'Gram Stain' rau koj. Lub npe no yuav zoo li txawv me ntsis rau koj. Tab sis qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb heev, sai uas siv los nrhiav kev kis kab mob hauv peb lub cev. Yog li, cia peb tham txog qhov no yooj yim heev, hauv txoj kev uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.
Gram Stain yog dab tsi yooj yim?
Hais yooj yim xwb, ib qho Gram stain yog ib qho kev sim ua hauv chav kuaj. Nws feem ntau nrhiav cov kab mob hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm koj lub cev uas muaj kev kis kab mob. Xav txog koj muaj ib qho qhov txhab uas tawm los. Tom qab ntawd ib qho qauv me me ntawm qhov txhab ntawd tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov kev sim no.
Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev kuaj no yog tias cov txiaj ntsig tau txais sai sai. Qhov no tso cai rau tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab sai sai seb koj puas muaj kab mob bacterial thiab, yog tias muaj, nws yog hom twg. Qhov no pab tus kws kho mob tau txais lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm cov tshuaj twg yuav muab rau koj.
Tsis yog txhua tus kab mob hauv peb lub cev yog cov kab mob phem. Qee cov yog cov kab mob zoo uas pab peb. Tab sis qee hom kab mob ua rau peb muaj kab mob thiab kev kis kab mob. Kev kuaj Gram Stain pab peb txheeb xyuas cov kab mob phem uas ua rau muaj cov kab mob ntawd.
Zaj dab neeg no hais txog Gram-positive thiab Gram-negative yog dab tsi?
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev xeem Gram stain. Xav txog cov kab mob me me uas hnav khaub ncaws sib txawv. Kev xeem Gram stain suav nrog kev siv ntau hom stain tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob. Tom qab ntawd, nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob lub cell phab ntsa, lawv sib cais ua ob xim.
1. Cov kab mob Gram-positive: Lawv cov phab ntsa cell yog ua los ntawm cov khoom tuab hu ua "Peptidoglycan." Qhov no yog vim li cas lawv thiaj hloov xim ntshav-xiav thaum pleev xim.
2. Cov kab mob Gram-negative: Cov no muaj cov phab ntsa nyias nyias, yog li lawv tig mus ua xim liab dawb thaum pleev xim.
Qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no yog tias 'zoo' thiab 'tsis zoo' tsis txhais hais tias 'zoo' thiab 'phem'. Lawv tsuas yog kev faib tawm raws li xim ntawm cov kab mob.
Tam sim no cia peb saib cov hom kab mob tseem ceeb uas koom nrog ob pawg no thiab cov kab mob uas lawv ua rau.
| Cov kab mob Gram-positive thiab cov kab mob cuam tshuam | |
|---|---|
| Hom kab mob | Tej yam mob uas yuav tshwm sim |
| Cov hom Staphylococcus | Kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mob ntsws, lom zaub mov, kab mob MRSA |
| Cov kab mob Streptococcus | Kab mob caj pas (Strep throat), mob ntsws, mob hlwb meningitis |
| Cov hom Listeria | Kev lom zaub mov |
| Cov hom kab mob Clostridium | Kev lom zaub mov, botulism, tetanus |
| Cov kab mob Gram-negative thiab cov kab mob cuam tshuam | |
|---|---|
| Hom kab mob | Tej yam mob uas yuav tshwm sim |
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | Kab mob ntawm txoj hlab zis (UTIs), lom zaub mov |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Kab mob Gonorrhea (ib yam kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev sib deev) |
| Cov hom kab mob Salmonella | Kev lom zaub mov, mob typhoid |
| Hom kab mob Klebsiella | Mob ntsws, kab mob ntshav, kab mob qhov txhab |
Qhov txawv ntawm Gram stain thiab bacteria culture yog dab tsi?
Koj tus kws kho mob feem ntau yuav pom zoo kom koj ua ob qho kev kuaj no ua ke, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv muab yog txawv.
- Xim Gram: Qhov no zoo li daim duab tam sim ntawd. Nws sai sai muab lub tswv yim dav dav txog seb cov kab mob puas muaj, yog tias muaj, seb lawv puas yog Gram-positive lossis Gram-negative, thiab lawv cov duab yog dab tsi (puag ncig lossis zoo li tus pas nrig).
- Kev Cog Qoob Loo: Qhov no suav nrog kev cog cov kab mob hauv koj cov qauv hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv chav kuaj. Nws zoo li kev cog ib tsob nroj. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ob peb hnub. Thaum cov kab mob loj hlob zoo, koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lawv thiab nrhiav seb cov tshuaj tua kab mob twg ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv.
Hais yooj yim xwb, Gram stain muab ib daim ntawv qhia sai, thaum cov kab mob bacterial culture muab qhov kev lees paub tseeb tshaj plaws .
Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau Gram Stain?
Cov txheej txheem no muaj peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb.
1. Kev sau cov qauv
Txoj kev kuaj yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb koj xav tias koj muaj tus kab mob qhov twg.
- Nrog ib daim ntaub so ntswg: Ib qho qauv tuaj yeem coj los ntawm cov chaw xws li caj pas, qhov ntswg, cov qhov txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw mos siv daim ntaub so ntswg paj rwb.
- Kev Sau Cov Kua Muag: Koj tuaj yeem sau cov khoom xws li cov hnoos qeev, zis, thiab quav rau hauv lub thawv huv.
- Kev siv koob txhaj me me: Txoj kev no yog siv los rho cov kua dej los ntawm sab hauv lub cev, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov pob qij txha, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntsws, lossis nyob ib ncig ntawm lub plawv.
2. Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim hauv chav kuaj mob
Thaum koj cov qauv tuaj txog hauv chav kuaj mob, tus kws tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj mob yuav nthuav nws nyias nyias rau ntawm daim iav. Tom qab ntawd, lawv yuav ntxiv plaub yam xim tshwj xeeb, uas tau tham ua ntej, rau nws thiab ntxuav nws.
3. Saib los ntawm lub tshuab microscope
Thaum kawg, daim slide uas tau npaj no raug kuaj xyuas hauv qab lub tshuab microscope. Qhov no yog thaum peb saib seb puas muaj cov kab mob nyob, lawv cov xim (ntshav/xiav lossis liab dawb/liab), lawv cov duab (puag ncig (cocci) lossis zoo li tus pas nrig (bacilli)), thiab lawv pawg ua ke li cas (nyob ib leeg, ua khub, lossis ua pawg).
Daim ntawv tshawb nrhiav hais li cas?
Tej zaum yuav muaj ob qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv koj daim ntawv qhia kev xeem.
- Tsis pom cov kab mob Gram (Tsis pom muaj kab mob): Qhov no txhais tau tias tsis pom muaj cov kab mob ntawm daim ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj cov kab mob tsawg heev. Yog li koj yuav tsum tau tos daim ntawv qhia txog kab mob.
- Cov xim Gram Zoo: Qhov no txhais tau tias cov kab mob muaj nyob hauv koj cov qauv. Daim ntawv qhia yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li:
- Hom kab mob: Gram-positive lossis Gram-negative?
- Cov duab ntawm cov kab mob: 'cocci' (puag ncig) lossis 'bacilli' (rods)?
- Lwm cov hlwb: Kuj tseem yuav raug sau tseg seb puas muaj lwm cov hlwb, xws li cov hlwb ntshav dawb (ib qho cim ntawm kev kis kab mob).
Thaum koj sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no thiab muab piv rau koj cov tsos mob, tus kws kho mob yuav pib kho qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau koj.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Gram Stain yog ib qho kev kuaj mob yooj yim thiab ceev ceev uas siv los kuaj mob cov kab mob bacterial.
- Qhov no cais cov kab mob ua ob pawg tseem ceeb (Gram-positive - ntshav/xiav thiab Gram-negative - liab/liab).
- Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab koj tus kws kho mob pib kho mob kom sai li sai tau .
- Rau kev kuaj mob tseeb dua, feem ntau yuav ua qhov kev kuaj Gram stain nrog rau kev kuaj kab mob bacterial culture test .
- Yog tias koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog koj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj, tsis txhob ntshai tham txog lawv nrog koj tus kws kho mob .
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