Yam koj yuav tsum paub txog qhov teeb meem grey hauv lub hlwb!

Koj puas tau xav txog seb lub cev zoo kawg nkaus hauv peb lub cev yog dab tsi? Nws yog peb lub hlwb. Nws zoo li 'Chaw Tswj Xyuas' ntawm peb lub cev tag nrho. Txhua yam peb xav, ua, thiab hnov ​​​​​​yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub cev zoo kawg no hauv peb lub taub hau me me. Yog li koj puas paub lub hlwb no ua los ntawm dab tsi? Feem ntau, lub hlwb yog ua los ntawm ob hom nqaij tshwj xeeb. Ib qho yog ' grey matter ' uas peb tab tom tham txog hnub no. Qhov thib ob yog ' dawb matter '. Ob qho no yog ob feem uas tseem ceeb rau peb cov dej num txhua hnub kom ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov teeb meem grey no yog dab tsi?

Zoo, cia peb hais yooj yim xwb. Cov khoom xim grey no yog ib hom nqaij tseem ceeb heev hauv peb lub paj hlwb Central Nervous System, uas yog koj lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas feem ntau ntawm cov hlwb ntawm peb cov neurons nyob.

Tam sim no tej zaum koj yuav xav paub tias, 'Cov hlwb no yog dab tsi?' Xav txog lawv zoo li ib lub network ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob me me uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv mus los thoob plaws peb lub cev. Ib lub hlwb muaj peb ntu tseem ceeb.

1. Lub Cev Neuronal: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub hlwb. Nws zoo li lub hauv paus ntawm tsob ntoo. Nws kuj muaj lub nucleus ntawm lub hlwb. Nws yog lub nucleus no uas tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho lub hlwb.

2. Axon: Qhov no yog ib feem ntev zoo li xov uas nthuav tawm ntawm lub cev cell, zoo li lub hauv paus ntawm tsob ntoo. Nws yog qhov chaw uas cov teeb liab hluav taws xob raug nqa los ntawm ib lub cell mus rau lwm lub cell.

3. Cov Dendrites: Cov no zoo li cov ceg ntoo, ib pawg ntawm cov xov me me uas nthuav tawm ntawm lub cev hlwb. Cov no yog qhov chaw uas tau txais cov cim los ntawm lwm cov hlwb hlwb.

Yog li, cov khoom grey no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov cell ntawm cov hlwb, uas zoo li cov hauv paus hniav, thiab cov ceg ntoo, uas zoo li cov ceg ntoo. Ntawd yog, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim hauv cov khoom grey no.

Cov khoom grey no pib tsim thaum peb tseem nyob hauv plab. Tom qab tus menyuam yug los, qhov ntim ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg no nce mus txog li 8 xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, nws qhov ceev nce mus txog li 20 xyoo. Qhov kev nce ntawm qhov ceev no yog qhov ua rau peb lub hlwb muaj peev xwm ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias cov hlwb no tsis loj hlob tshiab, thiab lawv tsis rov tsim dua yog tias lawv tuag. Yog tias cov hlwb puas lawm, nws tsis rov tsim dua.

Qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom grey thiab cov khoom dawb yog dab tsi?

Qhov no yog ib qho uas ua rau ntau tus neeg tsis meej pem. Kwv yees li 40% ntawm peb lub hlwb yog ua los ntawm cov xim grey, thiab 60% seem yog cov xim dawb. Ob qho no muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv. Nws zoo li lub processor thiab nws cov xov hlau hauv lub computer.

Cia peb nkag siab meej txog qhov txawv ntawm ob qho no los ntawm lub rooj hauv qab no.

Hais yooj yim xwb, cov khoom xim av yog qhov chaw ntawm peb txoj kev xav thiab kev xav. Nws yog nyob ntawm no uas txhua yam tshwm sim, txij li peb txoj kev xav mus rau peb lub cim xeeb, kev kawm, kev hais lus, thiab kev tswj hwm kev txav mus los. Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom dawb yog xa cov lus sai sai ntawm cov chaw ua cov ntaub ntawv no.

Cov nqaij grey no nyob qhov twg hauv peb lub cev?

Qhov no feem ntau pom nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm peb lub hlwb thiab nyob rau hauv qee qhov tob hauv lub hlwb. Nws kuj pom nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha caj qaum.

Qhov chaw nyob hauv lub hlwb

Yog koj saib daim duab ntawm lub hlwb, nws zoo li nws muaj cov kab nrib pleb ntawm nws qhov chaw, puas yog? Cov kab nrib pleb thiab cov quav (Gyri thiab Sulci) yog ua los ntawm cov khoom grey. Koj puas paub vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj kab nrib pleb zoo li ntawd? Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ntim ntau qhov chaw saum npoo rau hauv qhov chaw me me (sab hauv peb lub pob txha taub hau). Yog vim li cas tib neeg muaj cov khoom grey ntau dua li lwm yam tsiaj. Yog vim li cas peb thiaj li xav thiab kawm cov khoom nyuaj.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub hlwb uas muaj cov khoom grey ntau tshaj plaws yog:

• Cerebellum: Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm peb lub hlwb nyob tom qab, hauv qab. Nws muaj cov hlwb paj hlwb ntau tshaj plaws hauv tag nrho lub hlwb. Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj lub cev qhov sib npaug thiab kev txav mus los.
• Cerebrum: Qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub hlwb. Qhov no yog qhov uas peb lub hlwb ua haujlwm siab dua, xws li kev xav, kev nco, thiab kev hais lus, tshwm sim.
• Lub hlwb: Qhov no yog qhov uas txuas lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li kev ua pa thiab lub plawv dhia.

Qhov chaw nyob hauv lub hlwb qaum

Yog koj saib cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev, nws muaj cov nqaij dawb sab nraud, thiab cov nqaij xim grey sab hauv. Nws zoo li tus npauj npaim.

Puas muaj peev xwm ua kom cov xim grey puas tsuaj lossis txo qis?

Yog, hmoov tsis zoo, qhov ntawd tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Thaum cov hlab ntsha hauv cov xim grey tuag, cov nqaij no atrophies. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov no yog tias cov hlwb ntawd tsis tau txais cov pa oxygen thiab cov ntshav uas lawv xav tau. Xav txog, vim tias cov hlwb no ua haujlwm tas li, lawv xav tau ntau lub zog thiab oxygen kom ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qee cov hlwb grey tuag thaum peb laus zuj zus, tab sis cov no yog cov hlwb uas muaj sia nyob ntev tshaj plaws hauv peb lub cev.

Muaj ntau lwm yam mob uas ua rau cov teeb meem grey puas tsuaj:

• Kab mob Alzheimer: Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso cov protein (Amyloid thiab Tau) tsis zoo hauv lub hlwb. Qhov no ua rau cov hlwb tuag hauv cov xim grey.
• Kab mob Parkinson: Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv qhov ntawm lub hlwb hu ua 'Substantia Nigra', uas yog ua los ntawm cov nqaij grey.
• Kab mob Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb dawb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau pom tias tus kab mob no kuj ua rau cov hlwb grey puas tsuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov tob dua ntawm lub hlwb.
• Kev Raug Mob Taub Hau (Kev Raug Mob Hlwb Traumatic - TBI):Yog koj raug mob taub hau hnyav, kev los ntshav hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem tshwm sim thiab ua puas rau cov hlwb hauv cov teeb meem grey.

Cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom grey yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov xim grey nyob ntawm seb qhov twg ntawm lub hlwb raug puas tsuaj. Tab sis feem ntau, koj yuav pom cov tsos mob zoo li no:

• Kev nco tsis zoo los yog tsis zoo: Nyuaj rau kev nco txog tej yam tshiab, tsis nco qab tej yam qub.
• Kev Tsis Txawj Xav: Qhov no hais txog kev hloov pauv hauv kev xav thiab kev txiav txim siab. Piv txwv li:
• Teeb meem lus (nyuaj hais lus, nrhiav lus).
• Tsis muaj peev xwm tsom ntsoov.
• Nyuaj siab xav txog tej yam uas muaj laj thawj thiab txiav txim siab nyuaj.
• Cov Teeb Meem ntawm Lub Cev Muaj Zog: Muaj teeb meem nrog kev txav mus los zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv koj txhais tes los khawm lub tsho, sau ntawv, lossis tuav khob.

Yog tias koj lossis ib tus neeg nyob ze koj muaj cov tsos mob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd thiab nrhiav kev pab tswv yim yam tsis muaj kev ncua.

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob li cas?

Feem ntau cov kws kho mob siv MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan los xyuas seb koj cov xim grey thiab white matter puas noj qab nyob zoo. Qhov kev kuaj no pab tau zoo heev rau kev kuaj mob xws li Parkinson's disease thiab MS. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev kuaj xws li fMRI (Functional MRI) thiab PET (Positron Emission Tomography) kuj siv tau.

Puas muaj kev kho mob yog tias nws puas lawm?

Tu siab kawg li, tam sim no tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los kho lossis kho qhov puas tsuaj rau cov teeb meem grey tag nrho, vim tias raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, thaum cov hlwb hlab ntsha tuag, lawv tsis tuaj yeem rov tsim dua tshiab.

Yog li ntawd, tib yam koj ua tau yog sim tswj cov tsos mob thiab tiv thaiv kom tus kab mob tsis txhob hnyav zuj zus. Yuav ua li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li kev kho mob uas koj tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg.

Peb yuav ua li cas kom peb cov plaub hau grey noj qab nyob zoo?

Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws zoo dua los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj dua li kho nws tom qab nws tau tshwm sim. Kev muab ntshav thiab oxygen kom txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom grey. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob cerebrovascular.

Nov yog qee yam koj ua tau:

• Tswj ntshav siab (ntshav siab): Yog tias koj muaj ntshav siab, noj tshuaj uas koj tus kws kho mob sau ntawv kom raws sijhawm.
• Ua si nawv tsis tu ncua: Nws yog ib qho zoo heev uas ua tsawg kawg 30 feeb ntawm kev tawm dag zog uas ua rau tawm hws hauv ib hnub.
• Txwv kev haus dej cawv: Nyob deb ntawm cov cawv ntau li ntau tau.
• Tswj koj qhov hnyav kom noj qab nyob zoo: Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tswj koj qhov hnyav kom haum rau koj qhov siab.
• Pw tsaug zog zoo: 7-8 teev ntawm kev pw tsaug zog zoo ib hnub yog qhov tseem ceeb.
• Tswj cov ntshav qab zib thiab cov roj cholesterol: Yog tias koj muaj cov kab mob xws li ntshav qab zib thiab cov roj cholesterol, tswj lawv kom zoo.
• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb los yog tso tseg haus luam yeeb.
• Txo kev ntxhov siab: Tej yam xws li kev xav thiab yoga tuaj yeem pab txo kev ntxhov siab.

Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias txawm tias muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 65 xyoos los xij, cov neeg uas tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua muaj cov xim grey ntau dua li cov neeg uas tsis tawm dag zog. Qhov no txhais tau tias kev ua kom lub cev nquag thoob plaws lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau peb lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv.

Ntxiv mus, nws kuj zoo heev rau kev kawm tej yam tshiab uas ua rau lub hlwb sib tw. Tej yam xws li kev kawm ib hom lus tshiab, ib lub twj paj nruag, lossis nyeem phau ntawv tsis tsim cov hlwb tshiab, tab sis lawv tsim kev sib txuas tshiab ntawm cov hlwb uas twb muaj lawm. Peb hu qhov no ua rau lub hlwb hloov pauv tau / neuroplasticity.