Koj puas tau hnov txog ib lub qog hu ua "Thymus"? Tej zaum tsis yog. Nws yog ib lub qog me me, tab sis tseem ceeb heev uas ua haujlwm zoo li ib tug phab ej rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum peb tseem hluas. Lub thymus no ua haujlwm zoo li 'tsev kawm ntawv cob qhia tub rog' uas cob qhia cov tub rog hauv peb lub cev. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog tus phab ej me me no uas zais rau hauv peb lub cev, hauv cov lus yooj yim.
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov thymus no yog dab tsi?
Lub thymus yog ib lub qog me me uas yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev lymphatic . Tam sim no koj yuav xav paub tias lub cev lymphatic no yog dab tsi. Nws yooj yim heev. Xav txog peb lub cev zoo li lub nroog loj. Lub nroog no xav tau ib lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tiv thaiv nws ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hu ua kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Lub cev lymphatic yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv ntawd. Cov kabmob xws li koj cov tonsils, spleen, thiab appendix yog ib feem ntawm lub cev no.
Yog li ntawd, hauv tag nrho lub network tiv thaiv no, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob , thymus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Nws pab peb tawm tsam cov kab mob.
Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tiag tiag thaum lub sijhawm muaj hli?
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm thymus yog cob qhia ib hom qe ntshav dawb tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev. Peb hu cov qe ntshav dawb no ua T-lymphocytes lossis T-cells .
Xav txog nws li no. Peb lub Hoobkas pob txha tsim ib pawg tshiab ntawm cov 'tub rog' uas tsis tau kawm (lymphocytes). Tab sis cov neeg no tsis tuaj yeem mus tua kab mob ncaj qha. Lawv xav tau kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb. Lub thymus yog 'tsev kawm ntawv cob qhia tub rog' uas muab kev cob qhia ntawd.
Cov lymphocytes uas tsis tau kawm tiav no mus ncig los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau thymus, qhov chaw uas lawv dhau los ua cov T-cells uas muaj kev txawj ntse, tshwj xeeb thiab tom qab ntawd kawm tiav. Cov T-cells uas tau kawm tiav no ces mus ncig rau peb cov qog ntshav thiab lwm yam kabmob hauv lub cev lymphatic, npaj txhij rau txhua yam kev sib ntaus. Thaum ib tug kab mob nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, cov T-cells no yog cov uas mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv peb.
Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, cov thymus kuj ua haujlwm ua ib feem ntawm peb lub endocrine system . Uas yog, nws yog ib feem ntawm lub cev uas tsim cov tshuaj hormones tsim nyog rau lub cev ua haujlwm. Nov yog qee cov tshuaj hormones uas thymus tsim tawm:
- Thymopoietin: Qhov no ua rau cov T-cells tsim tawm thiab qhia rau lub qog pituitary hauv peb lub hlwb kom tso lwm cov tshuaj hormones.
- Thymosin thiab thymulin: Cov no pab tsim cov hom T-cell tshwj xeeb.
- Thymic humoral factor: Cov tshuaj hormones no pab kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog li cas, lub thymus ua haujlwm tshaj plaws?
Qhov no yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus li. Lub thymus ua haujlwm ntau tshaj plaws thaum koj tseem yog menyuam yaus . Qhov tseeb, ua ntej koj yug los, thaum koj tseem nyob hauv koj niam lub tsev menyuam, koj lub thymus pib tsim cov T-cells. Nws txuas ntxiv tsim cov T-cells thoob plaws thaum koj tseem yog menyuam yaus.
Thaum koj mus txog hnub nyoog laus , koj lub thymus tau tsim feem ntau ntawm cov T-cells uas koj yuav tsum tau rau koj lub neej tas mus li. Ib yam li ib pab tub rog loj raug cob qhia thiab xa mus tiv thaiv lub tebchaws, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cob qhia so haujlwm, lub thymus maj mam pib ntsws tom qab hnub nyoog laus. Qhov chaw uas tau ntsws tsis khoob, tab sis hloov chaw puv nrog rog. Qhov no yog qhov ib txwm muaj.
Cov thymus no nyob qhov twg? Kuv yuav pom nws li cas?
Lub thymus nyob rau sab saud ntawm peb lub hauv siab, ncaj qha tom qab lub hauv siab (sternum) . Yog hais kom meej, nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub ntsws, me ntsis saum toj thiab nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub plawv.
Nws yog ib lub qog ntshav liab dawb-grey. Nws muaj ob lub lobes uas tsis sib luag. Lub thymus loj dua li nws qhov loj me rau cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus. Nws hnyav tshaj plaws, kwv yees li 28 grams (1 ooj), thaum lub sijhawm laus. Tom qab ntawd nws maj mam ntsws thaum peb laus zuj zus.
Cov kab mob twg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau thymus?
Feem ntau, peb tsis tshua muaj teeb meem nrog lub thymus hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, qee yam kab mob thiab teeb meem tsis tshua muaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Muaj ntau yam mob xws li cov kab mob caj ces uas muaj thaum yug los mus rau mob qog noj ntshav uas tshwm sim thaum laus. Cia peb nkag siab nws yooj yim los ntawm lub rooj hauv qab no.
| Mob | Hais yooj yim xwb... |
|---|---|
| DiGeorge syndrome | Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas muaj txij thaum yug los. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam lub thymus tsis muaj thaum yug los, lossis nws me heev thiab tsis loj hlob zoo. Yog li ntawd, tus menyuam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog heev, thiab nws muaj feem yuav kis tau kab mob ntau zaus thiab hnyav. |
| Kab mob Graft-versus-host | Yog tias ib tug me nyuam uas muaj DiGeorge syndrome raug hloov nrog ib lub thymus los ntawm ib tug me nyuam uas tuag lawm, tus me nyuam txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem rov qab tau qee yam. Tab sis qee zaum, cov hlwb ntawm lub thymus tshiab uas tau hloov pauv pib tawm tsam tus me nyuam cov hlwb. Yog vim li ntawd nws thiaj hu ua qhov no. |
| Cov qog hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cev | Nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv siab uas muaj cov thymus nyob hu ua mediastinum. Txhua lub qog, lub hnab uas muaj kua dej (cyst), lossis qhov tsis zoo uas tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw no hu ua lub npe no. Cov no tej zaum yuav yog lossis tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav. |
| Thymus thiab thymic carcinoma - Thymus cancer | Cov no yog ob hom mob qog noj ntshav uas tsis tshua muaj uas pib hauv cov hlwb uas nyob hauv cov thymus. Thymoma zoo li cov hlwb thymus ib txwm muaj, loj hlob qeeb qeeb, thiab tsis tshua muaj feem kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Thymic carcinoma tsis zoo li cov hlwb ib txwm muaj, loj hlob sai, thiab muaj feem kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev ntau dua. |
Lwm yam kab mob ntsig txog mob qog nqaij hlav thymus
Qee zaum, lwm yam mob uas tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov qog thymus tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
- Myasthenia gravis: Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob autoimmune. Hauv qhov mob no, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas thaiv cov teeb liab los ntawm peb cov hlab ntsha mus rau peb cov leeg. Qhov no ua rau cov leeg tsis muaj zog heev.
- Cov qe ntshav liab tsis muaj zog: Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov qe ntshav liab tshiab, ua rau muaj ntshav tsis txaus.
- Hypogammaglobulinemia: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tsawg heev, uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus kab mob.
Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias ntau yam kab mob no tsis tshua muaj. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai nyeem txog lawv yam tsis tsim nyog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog.
Cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav thymus yog dab tsi?
Muaj ntau yam tsos mob ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav thymus. Yog tias koj muaj ib lossis ntau yam tsos mob no ntev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob.
- Mob hauv siab sab saud (mob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj thymus)
- Hnoos tas li uas tsis tuaj yeem nres
- Ua pa nyuaj
- Lub suab nrov nrov
- O ntawm lub ntsej muag, caj dab, lub hauv siab sab saud, lossis caj npab
Cov tsos mob no kuj tuaj yeem yog cov tsos mob ntawm ntau lwm yam kab mob uas pom ntau. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai thiab xav tias nws yog mob qog noj ntshav. Tab sis tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej cov tsos mob no thiab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum ua yog mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg thiab tham txog nws.
Peb puas ua neej nyob tau yam tsis muaj thymus?
Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug zoo. Raws li peb tau tham ua ntej lawm, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm thymus yog thaum yau thiab thaum hluas. Thaum tus neeg laus yug los, lawv tau tsim cov T-cell txaus rau lub neej. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg laus tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj thymus. Yog tias, vim li cas, tus neeg laus lub thymus yuav tsum tau phais tshem tawm, nws yuav tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub qog thymus ntawm ib tug menyuam mos lossis menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj heev. Vim tias lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis tau tsim tag nrho, tus menyuam zoo li no yuav muaj feem kis kab mob, muaj cov kab mob autoimmune, ua xua, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntau dua.
Thymus thiab thyroid puas yog ob yam sib txawv?
Yog lawm! Muaj coob tus neeg tsis meej pem vim ob lub npe no zoo sib xws me ntsis. Tab sis thymus thiab thyroid yog ob lub qog sib txawv kiag li. Lawv qhov chaw nyob, kev ua haujlwm, thiab txhua yam sib txawv.
| Feature | Thymus | Cov qog thyroid |
|---|---|---|
| Qhov chaw | Nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem ntawm lub hauv siab, tom qab lub breastbone. | Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub caj dab, hauv qab lub larynx (lub thawv suab). |
| Lub kaw lus uas muaj | Feem ntau yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lub cev lymphatic. | Feem ntau yog endocrine system. |
| Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb | Kev cob qhia thiab kev loj hlob ntawm T-cell (cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob). | Kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones uas tswj lub cev txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. |
Koj puas pom, puas yog? Cov no yog ob zaj dab neeg sib txawv kiag li.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov thymus yog ib feem tseem ceeb heev ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws zoo li lub tsev kawm ntawv cob qhia uas cob qhia peb lub cev cov tub rog tiv thaiv, hu ua T-cells.
- Lub qog no ua haujlwm ntau tshaj plaws thaum yau. Nws yog ib qho ib txwm rau nws maj mam qhuav tom qab hnub nyoog laus.
- Cov kab mob ntsig txog thymus tsis tshua muaj, tab sis yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob xws li mob hauv siab, hnoos tas li, lossis ua pa nyuaj, tsis txhob ntshai thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob.
- Cov thymus thiab cov thyroid tsis yog tib yam. Lawv qhov chaw thiab lawv txoj haujlwm txawv kiag li.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus