Na nɔmal tin fɔ fil bad ɛn shɔk we yu kam fɔ no se yu gɛt HIV. Bɔt nɔto yu wan de. Tide, mɛrɛsin sayɛns dɔn go bifo bɔku. HIV na wan sik wae yu kin kɔntrol ɛn yu kin liv wɛl, lɔng layf. Di pawaful wɛpɔn we wi gɛt fɔ dis na ART tritmɛnt. So tide, lɛ wi tɔk rili simpul wan bɔt wetin na dis ART tritmɛnt, wetin i de du, ɛn aw i de wok so dat yu go ɔndastand am.
Wetin na ART tritmɛnt insay simpul wɔd dɛn?
ART na wan akɔdin fɔ Antiretroviral Therapy . Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, na wan kɔmbayn mɛrɛsin we dɛn kin gi fɔ mɛn HIV infɛkshɔn. HIV na wan vayrɔs we de atak wi bɔdi in imyun sistɛm. spεshal wan, di CD4 sεl dεm (dεn kכl dεm bak hεlp T-sεl dεm), we de wok lεk ‘sכlda' na wi bכdi, de pwεl dis vayrus. we dεn CD4 sεl dεm ya dכn lכs, di difεns sistεm na wi bכdi de kכlaps. Dɔn, di chans fɔ gɛt siriɔs sik ɛn infɛkshɔn we nɔ go apin nɔmal wan kin bɔku.
Di impɔtant tin na dat ART nɔ kin ebul fɔ mɛn HIV ɔltogɛda, bɔt i kin ridyus di HIV vayrɔs (vayral lod) na yu bɔdi bad bad wan.
we di vayral lod dכn, yu bכdi kin ebul fכ mek mכr CD4 sεl dεm bak. Dis kin mek yu imyun sistɛm strɔng ɛn protɛkt yu frɔm siriɔs infɛkshɔn.
Bɔku tɛm, ART kin gɛt fɔ du wit tu to 4 mɛrɛsin dɛn we dɛn jɔyn togɛda. If yu gi sɔm mɛrɛsin dɛn we de wok difrɛn we dɛn, i go wok pas fɔ gi yu jɔs wan mɛrɛsin. I de ridyus bak di risk fɔ mek di vayrɔs gɛt rɛsistɛns to di drɔgs.
Wetin mek dɛn kɔl dis ‘Antiretroviral’?
HIV de pan wan grup ɔf vayrɔs dɛn we dɛn kɔl Retroviruses . nכmal wan, dεn kin mek RNA (mεsej kכpi dεm) frכm di DNA (wi jεnεtik infכmeshכn) we de insay wi sεl dεm. Bɔt dis Retrovirus de du di ɔpɔsitet. dat min se i de yuz di RNA we de insay fכ mek DNA insay wi sεl dεm. Na dat mek dɛn kɔl dɛn mɛrɛsin ya ‘Antiretroviral’ bikɔs dɛn de wok agens da prɔses de. Yu kin yɛri dɛn kɔl dɛn ART, cART (kɔmbayn ART) ɔ HAART (ART we rili aktif). Dis na ɔl wɔd dɛn we min di sem tin.
Wetin i min fɔ gɛt ‘undetectable’ vayral lod?
Dis na di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl ɛn we de mek pɔsin gɛt bɔku bɛnifit pan ART. We yu tek yu mɛrɛsin kɔrɛkt wan, di HIV vayrɔs (vayral lod) we de na yu blɔd kin go dɔŋ sote dɛn nɔ kin no am bay we dɛn de du tɛst ɔltɛm. Dɛn kɔl dis wan ‘undetectable’ lɛvɛl. dis dεn kin dεfεn am as di lεvεl we less dan 20 kכpi fכ di vayrus pan wan mililita bכdi (< 20 kכpi/mL).
‘Undetectable’ nɔ min se yu dɔn wɛl. If yu stɔp fɔ tek yu mɛrɛsin, di vayrɔs we ayd na yu bɔdi kin bi aktif bak. Dɔn bak, if yu tek HIV tɛst, i go stil sho se i ‘positiv’ bikɔs dɛn tɛst dɛn de de luk fɔ antibodies agens di vayrɔs, nɔto di vayrɔs sɛf.
Bɔt mɛmba dis: Nɔ detektabl = Nɔ transmittabl (U=U) . Dis min se if yu vayral lod de na wan lɛvul we yu nɔ go ebul fɔ no, yu nɔ go ebul fɔ pas HIV to ɔda pɔsin tru mami ɛn dadi biznɛs. Dis na tin we sayɛnsman dɛn dɔn pruv tide. Dɔn bak, pɔsin we de na dis lɛvul kin liv nɔmal, lɔng layf, jɔs lɛk pɔsin we nɔ gɛt HIV.
Aw ART de wok? Di stori bɔt di HIV vayrɔs
Fɔ ɔndastand aw dis mɛrɛsin de wok, wi fɔ ɔndastand fɔs aw di HIV vayrɔs kin go insay wi sɛl dɛn ɛn mek kɔpi fɔ insɛf.
Tink bɔt di HIV vayrɔs lɛk tifman. Yu CD4 sel na os. Dis tifman de kam insay di os, yuz di sem tin dɛn we de na di os, mek bɔku ɔda kɔpi dɛn fɔ insɛf, ɛn jomp go na ɔda os dɛn. insay di prכsεs, dεn de pwεl da כrijinal os de (di CD4 sεl).
Bɔku tin dɛn de we pɔsin kin du fɔ du dis. ART mɛrɛsin dɛn kin wok bay we dɛn stɔp wan ɔ mɔ pan dɛn step ya.
| Step dɛn we yu fɔ du | Di prɔses we de apin (insay simpul wɔd dɛn) . |
|---|---|
| 1. Atakshɔn | di vayrus de yuz wan pan in protin dεm (GP120) fכ atak wan ‘kihol’ (rεsεptor) we de na di sεf fכ wi CD4 sεl dεm. |
| 2. Fyushɔn | di כta shel fכ di vayrus de fכs wit di shel fכ di CD4 sεl. |
| 3. Ɛntri | di vayrus in ‘tulbכks' (Capsid) - dat na in jεnεtik infכmeshכn (RNA) εn di εnzym dεm we i nid fכ mek kכpi - de go insay di sεl. |
| 4. Rivas Transkripshɔn | we dεn yuz wan εnzym (rεvεs transkriptεz) we di vayrus de bכn, dεn de mek DNA frכm di vayrus in RNA. I tan lɛk se wi de translet alien langwej to wi yon. |
| 5. Integreshɔn | di nyu vayral DNA we dεn fכm de go insay di nyuklios fכ wi sεl εn de jכyn wit wi כwn DNA. dis de εp bay wan כda εnzym we dεn kכl ‘Integrase’. Naw wi sɛl de tink se dis bak na pat pan insɛf. |
| 6. Transkripshɔn & Transleshɔn | wi sεl dεm, jכs lεk dεn yon DNA, de mek kכpi fכ dis vayral DNA, dεn kin bigin fכ mek vayral protin dεm bay dεn mεsej dεm. |
| 7. Asɛmbli | כda εnzym we dεn kכl ‘Protease’ de kam, i de kכt dεn protin fragmεnt dεm ya we fכm, εn asembl dεm fכ bi nyu vayral kכpi dεm. |
| 8. Budding & Sɛl Day | di nyu vayrus dεm we dεn fכm go pwεl di CD4 sεl, kכmכt, εn atak כda hεlty CD4 sεl dεm. |
ART drɔgs dɛn kin wok bay we dɛn kin ambɔg wan pan di step dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt. Sɔm drɔgs kin stɔp di vayrɔs fɔ go insay di sɛl. Ɔda wan dɛn kin stɔp am fɔ mek DNA. Ɔda wan dɛn stil de stɔp am fɔ mek i nɔ gɛda nyu vayrɔs dɛn.
Us mɛrɛsin dɛn kin yuz fɔ trit ART?
Dɛn kin sheb di ART mɛrɛsin dɛn to sɔm men grup dɛn. Ɛni grup de wok bay we dɛn de tɔch difrɛn pat pan di HIV vayrɔs in layf saykl.
- Entry Inhibitors: Dɛn wan ya de mek di vayrɔs nɔ go insay di CD4 sɛl.
- Capsid Inhibitors: I de mek di vayrɔs in ‘tulbɔks’ (Capsid) nɔ opin ɔ ri-assemble.
- Nyukliosayd Rivas Transkriptaz Inhibitors (NRTI): we di vayrus mek DNA, i de gi ‘fek’ brik we lεk di ‘brik’ we i nid. we dεn yuz dεn tin ya, dεn nכ kin kכmplit di DNA chen.
- nכn-Nyukliosayd Rivεs Transkriptaz Inhibitor dεm (NNRTIs): dεn ya de go dayrekt to εn inaktivat di εnzym we de mek DNA (Rεvεs Transkriptaz).
- Integrase Inhibitors (INSTIs): I de inhibit di enzym (integrase) we de jɔyn di vayral DNA to wi sɛl in DNA.
- Protease Inhibitors (PIs): Stכp di protin-kכt εnzym (protease) fכ asembl nyu vayrus dεm.
- Pharmacokinetic Enhancers (Boosters): Dɛn tin ya nɔ de afɛkt di vayrɔs dairekt wan, bɔt dɛn de ɛp ɔda ART drɔgs dɛn fɔ de na di bɔdi fɔ lɔng tɛm ɛn fɔ de insay ay kɔnsɛntreshɔn.
Bɔrku tɛm, de mɛrɛsin wae dɛn kin gi yu na sɔm pan dɛn klas ya. fכ egzampl, i kin bi wan singl pil we dεn mek wit tu NRTI dεm εn wan intagrεz inhibito.
Aw a go pik di rayt ART mɛrɛsin fɔ mi?
Di dɔktɔ we de trit yu go no di kɔmbayn mɛrɛsin we go fayn fɔ yu afta we i dɔn tink bɔt sɔm tin dɛn.
- Yu vayral lod ɛn CD4 kɔnt: I impɔtant fɔ no wetin na dɛn valyu ya we yu bigin fɔ tek tritmɛnt.
- Di vayrɔs we nɔ de tek drɔgs: Sɔntɛnde, di vayrɔs kin ebul fɔ bia wit sɔm drɔgs. Dɛn kin du tɛst fɔ no.
- If yu gɛt ɛni ɔda sik, lɛk kidni sik, liva sik, at sik, dayabitis, ɔ ay kɔlɔstrel, yu fɔ tɛl yu dɔktɔ bɔt dɛn.
- Ɔda mɛrɛsin dɛm wae yu de tek: If yu de tek mɛrɛsin fɔ ɛni ɔda sik, kin gɛt intarakshɔn bitwin dɛn mɛrɛsin dɛm ɛn ART mɛrɛsin dɛm.
- Bɛlɛ: If yu gɛt bɛlɛ ɔ yu de plan fɔ gɛt bɛlɛ, sef mɛrɛsin dɛn de we fayn fɔ yu.
- I izi fɔ tek di mɛrɛsin: Tink bɔt if na pil we yu kin tek wan tɛm insay di de ɔ yu kin tek am tu tɛm insay di de, if yu fɔ tek am wit it ɔ atɔl am, ɛn aw i go fit yu layf.
Wetin na di bɛnifit ɛn risk dɛm fɔ ART tritmɛnt?
Di bɛnifit dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt
- fכ mek di imyun sistεm strכng: di nכmba fכ di CD4 sεl dεm de inkrεs, we de mek yu bכdi ebul fכ rεsist sik.
- Protɛkshɔn frɔm siriɔs infɛkshɔn: HIV kin protɛkt frɔm di infɛkshɔn dɛn we de gi yu chans lɛk nyumonia ɛn TB.
- Ridyus risk fɔ gɛt kansa: Di risk fɔ gɛt kansa we gɛt fɔ du wit HIV (e.g. Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma) de ridyus.
- Fɔ mek yu nɔ gɛt AIDS: If dɛn nɔ trit am, di HIV kin go bifo te i rich di las stej we dɛn kɔl AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). ART de stɔp dis.
- Fɔ mek ɔda pipul dɛn nɔ gɛt di sik:As wi bin dɔn tɔk (U=U) , if yu nɔ ebul fɔ no yu vayral lod, yu nɔ go ebul fɔ spre am to ɔda pipul dɛn tru mami ɛn dadi biznɛs.
- Wɛlbɔdi, lɔng layf: Pɔsin we tek mɛrɛsin fayn kin liv nɔmal layf, jɔs lɛk pɔsin we nɔ gɛt HIV.
Risk ɛn sayd ɛfɛkt dɛn
Sɔm pipul dɛn kin gɛt sayd ɛfɛkt we dɛn fɔs bigin fɔ tek ART. Bɔt dɛn tin ya kin apin fɔ sɔm tɛm ɛn dɛn kin go afta sɔm wiks as di bɔdi de ajɔst to di mɛrɛsin.
- Nɔs, fɔ vɔmit
- Bɛlɛ de at, dayarɛa
- Ed de at
- Diziz we pɔsin kin gɛt
- Taya, taya
- Nɔ ebul slip
- Skin rash we de kɔmɔt na di skin
If yu gɛt ɛni wan pan dɛn sik ya, nɔ stɔp fɔ tek yu mɛrɛsin ɛn tɛl yu dɔktɔ. I kin ɛp yu fɔ fɛn sɔlv ɔ if nid de, i kin chenj yu to ɔda mɛrɛsin we go fayn fɔ yu. Sɔm mɛrɛsin kin gɛt sayd ɛfɛkt fɔ lɔng tɛm, lɛk fɔ mek yu kɔlɔstrel bɔku. Na dat mek yu dɔktɔ go de chɛk yu ɔltɛm.
Aw yu kin wach aw di tritmɛnt de wok fayn?
Afta yu dɔn bigin fɔ tek ART, yu dɔktɔ go chɛk yu pan wan patikyula schedule. I go du tu men tɛst dɛn.
| Tɛst | Rizult we dɛn de ɛkspɛkt | Nɔmba fɔ di tɛm dɛn |
|---|---|---|
| Vayral Lod we de na di wɔl | Dis valyu dɔn go dɔŋ to di ‘undetectable’ lɛvɛl. | Bɔku tɛm insay di fɔs mɔnt afta yu dɔn bigin, dɔn ɛvri 3-6 mɔnt. |
| CD4 sɛl kɔnt (CD4 Kɔnt) . | Dis valyu de go ɔp . (Hɛlth lɛvɛl de bitwin 500-1500) | Fɔs ɛvri 3-6 mɔnt, dɔn as nid de. |
Nɔ mis wan de fɔ tek yu mɛrɛsin!
Di big chalenj fɔ di sakses fɔ ART tritmɛnt naTek yu mɛrɛsin ɛvride, di rayt tɛm, ɛn nɔ mis wan de. If yu mis wan doz, di vayrɔs gɛt chans fɔ bɔku insay yu bɔdi bak. If dat apin, di vayrɔs kin bi resistant to di mɛrɛsin we yu de tek (drug resistance). Dɔn di mɛrɛsin go stɔp fɔ wok ɛn yu go gɛt fɔ go fɔ ɔda tritmɛnt. So, i impɔtant fɔ tek yu mɛrɛsin di rayt tɛm, ilɛksɛf na bay we yu sɛt mɛsej fɔ mɛmba yu na yu fon ɔ aks pɔsin na yu fambul fɔ mɛmba yu.
Mɛsej we dɛn kin kɛr go na os
- ART na tritmɛnt we de sev layf ɛn we de kɔntrol di HIV infɛkshɔn. Pan ɔl we i nɔ go ebul fɔ mɛn HIV, i kin ɛp yu fɔ liv wɛl, lɔng layf.
- I impɔtant fɔ tek yu mɛrɛsin ɛvride ɛn di rayt tɛm. If yu mis yu doz, di vayrɔs kin bi resistant to di mɛrɛsin.
- If di amount of vayrɔs na yu blɔd ‘undetectable’, yu nɔ go ebul fɔ pas HIV to ɔda pɔsin tru mami ɛn dadi biznɛs (U=U).
- Di sayd ɛfɛkt kin apin kwik kwik wan we dɛn de trit am, bɔt bɔku tɛm dɛn kin apin fɔ shɔt tɛm nɔmɔ. Tɔk to yu dɔktɔ bɔt ɛnitin we nɔ fayn.
- HIV na jɔs ɔda sik we nɔ de mɛn. If yu gɛt di rayt tritmɛnt ɛn manejmɛnt, yu go ebul fɔ liv ful, gladi layf. Nɔto yu wan de.
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