Sɔntɛnde yu kin jɔs gɛt klia wata lɛk wata we de rɔn na yu nos? Ɔ yu gɛt ed we kin at we yu tinap, tilt yu ed, ɔ ledɔm? Yu kin tink se dɛn tin ya na jɔs kɔmɔn kol ɔ ɔda tin. Bɔt sɔntɛnde, dis kin bi sɔntin we wi fɔ wɔri bɔt. Tide wi de tɔk bɔt wan sik wae kin mek yu gɛt dis kayn sik, bɔt nɔr kin bɔrku, bɔt i rili impɔtant fɔ no bɔt. Dat na we di wata we de na di bɔdi de lik , ɔ lɛk aw dɔktɔ dɛn kin kɔl am (Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak) , ɔ (CSF Leak) fɔ shɔt tɛm.
Wetin na di sɛribrospaynal fluid (CSF)? Wetin mek i kin lik?
Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, wata we de na di sɛribrospaynal ɔ CSF na spɛshal wata we de rawnd ɛn protɛkt wi bren ɛn spɛshal kɔd . I klia lɛk wata. CSF gɛt sɔm men wok dɛn:
1. Fɔ gi pikin tin fɔ it: Dis wata gɛt di tin dɛn we wi bren nid.
2. Fɔ gi protɛkshɔn: Lɛk di shɔk absɔba dɛn na motoka, dis wata de protɛkt wi bren ɛn spɛshal kɔd frɔm damej we di vaybreshɔn ɛn shɔk kin kam wit. I de gi wan tin bak fɔ mek di bren ebul fɔ flɔt.
Tink bɔt am dis we. Wetin go apin if wi put greps insay glas bɔtul ɛn shek am tranga wan? Di grep kin krɔs, krɔs, nɔto so? Na dat kin apin to wi bren we wi nɔ gɛt CSF. Bɔt if wi ful-ɔp da bɔtul de wit wata, put di grep insay, ɛn shek am, di wata go mek di grep shek tranga wan, so i nɔ go du bɔku bad tin. Na so CSF de protɛkt wi bren.
So, dis (CSF) we de lik kɔmɔt usay i fɔ de, dɛn kɔl am (CSF Leak) . If dis lik big, e kin mek yu gɛt siriɔs sik. I kin ivin mek i nɔ izi fɔ du di wok dɛn we pɔsin kin du ɛvride.
Udat dɛn kin afɛkt mɔ pan dis kɔndishɔn (CSF Leak)?
Pan ɔl we dis kin apin to ɛnibɔdi, sɔm pipul dɛn kin gɛt am mɔ.
- Pipul dεm wae pas 30 ia, spεshal wan wae ol 42 ia, kin gεt CSF lik dεm sכmtεm we nכ gεt eni kכz.
- Uman dɛnsɛf kin gɛt dis sik pas man dɛn.
CSF Lik na kɔmɔn kɔndishɔn?
infakt, we CSF lik de mek di wata prεshכn insay di ed dכn. Dɛn kɔl dis Intrakranial Hypotension . "Intrakranial" min "insay di sכkul," εn "Hypotension" min "lכw pas nכmal prεshכn." Dis kכndyushכn we dεn kכl Intracranial Hypotension, na wan kכndyushכn we nכ kin apin. I kin apin to lɛk 5 pan ɔl 100,000 pipul dɛm.
Bɔt masta sabi bukman dɛn biliv se CSF lik kin bɔku . Di rizin fɔ dis na bikɔs i nɔ kin izi fɔ no dɛn. Sɔntɛnde, ivin dɔktɔ dɛn kin mistek kɔl dɛn ɔda tin dɛn lɛk maygren .Dɛn kin mistek kɔl sayn infɛkshɔn fɔ alɛji .
Aw dis sik kin afɛkt mi bɔdi?
we CSF lik de, di wata we de rawnd di bren de dכn. Dis kin mek di bren nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ protɛkshɔn ɛn i nɔ kin ebul fɔ flay.
- If di lik smɔl , yu nɔ go notis bɔku difrɛns. Ɔ, yu kin gɛt sɔm sayn dɛm bɔt yu kin tink se na ɔda tin.
- Bɔt if di lik big inof , we mek yu gɛt intrakranial haypɔtɛnshɔn, yu bren go bigin fɔ sink dɔŋ insay yu skel. Dis kin put prɛshɔn we nɔ nid fɔ de pan di ɔda pat dɛn we de dɔŋ na yu bren. Dis kin ambɔg di wok we dɛn pat dɛn de du, ɛn dis kin mek yu gɛt sɔm sayn dɛn we kin kɔmɔt frɔm smɔl smɔl tin dɛn we yu nɔ kin notis to bad bad tin dɛn we yu nɔ kin ebul fɔ bia.
Wetin na di sayn dɛm fɔ CSF Lik?
If di lik smɔl, yu nɔ go gɛt ɛni sayn. If nɔto dat, yu go tink se na ɔda tin. Bɔt if di lik big ɛn mek di prɛshɔn na di bren smɔl (intracranial hypotension), yu go bigin fɔ gɛt di sayn dɛm.
Di men ɛn kɔmɔn sayn na di ed we de at we yu de tinap.
Dis na wetin kin apin:
- Yu ed kin at we yu tinap ɔ sidɔm .
- We yu ledɔm ɔ ledɔm, di ed we de at kin stɔp ɔ i kin dɔn ɔltogɛda.
Di sayn dɛm kin difrɛn difrɛn wan bay di say we di lik de.
Sɔm sayn dɛm kin difrɛn difrɛn wan bay usay di lik de. di tu men ples dεm we di sεribrospεnal fכluid (CSF) kin lik na yu sayn dεm εn yu nos . Ilɛk aw i bi, yu kin gɛt klia wata we de kɔmɔt na yu nos (raynɔria) . Dis nɔto kɔmɔn kol. Tu kayn am de:
1. If yu was yu nos wit tisu, we nɔmal mכkus dray, di tisu kin rɔf smɔl ɛn stif . Bɔt we i dray (CSF), di tisu nɔ kin bi da we de .
2. Dis dischaj we de kכmכt na di nos kin apin sכmtεm insay spεshal situeshכn dεm. Fɔ ɛgzampul, we yu bɛn fɔ go bifo, pik sɔntin na grɔn, ɔ tay yu sules .
Wan ɔda ples usay CSF lik kin mek pɔsin gɛt di sik na di yes . di klia wata we de kɔmɔt na di yes (Otorrhea) na sayn bak fɔ se CSF de lik. Bɔt, dis nɔ kin apin so ɔltɛm. Fɔ mek dis go apin, yu go nid bak fɔ gɛt ol na yu ia drɔm (Tympanic Membrane) .
Ɔda sayn dɛm we kin apin wit CSF Lik
- Lכs fכ smεl (Anosmia): Dis kin apin we di sεribrospεnal fכluid (CSF) lik bikoz fכ di fes injuri.
- blכr vishכn כ dכbl vishכn (Diplopia): Dis kin apin bikoz fכ prεshכn pan di okul nεv dεm we di bren de dכn.
- Di chenj we yu de yɛri ɔ we yu nɔ de yɛri fayn: As wi bin dɔn tɔk, dis kin apin bak we yu de prɛs di nɛv dɛn we gɛt kɔnekshɔn to di yes we yu de chenj di pozishɔn.
- Pulsatile Tinnitus: Fɔ yɛri di sawnd we pɔsin in yon at bit we yu nɔ gɛt ɛni inschrumɛnt.
- Seizure: Dɛn kin apin mɔ wit big (CSF) lik ɔ siriɔs (Intracranial Hypotension) kɔndishɔn.
- Nɛk pen ɛn stiffness.
- Di it nɔ de te.
- Ed pen: Sɔmtɛm dis kin rili bad ɛn nɔr kin ebul fɔ bia.
- Diziz ɔr de fil fɔ spin rawnd yu (Vertigo).
- Nɔs ɛn vɔmit.
- Fɔtofobia (we nɔ ebul fɔ luk layt).
- Blɛsin ɛn waka prɔblɛm we yu de waka.
Wetin na di tin dɛm we kin mek CSF Lik?
Masta sabi bukman dɛn se lɛk 90% pan di CSF lik na bikɔs dɛn wund . di rεst 10% kin apin fכ sכmtεm כ fכ rizin dεm we wi nכ no.
CSF Lik we Dɛn Kɔz bay Injuri
CSF lik kin apin bikɔs ɔf difrɛn injuri dɛn. Ɛgzampul dɛn:
- Injury na in fes, ed, nɛk, ɔ spayna: Sɔm ɛgzampul dɛn we kin apin na motoka aksidɛnt. Injury na di nos, saynus, yes, bihayn di yes, ɔ ɔnda di skel kin mɔs mek dis. di whiplash kin mek bak di sεribrospεnal fכluid (CSF) lik arawnd di spεnal kכd.
- Wund dɛm we de go insay: lɛk fɔ chuk yu wit nɛf, fɔ shot yu.
- Injury we pɔsin kin gɛt we dɛn du ɔpreshɔn pan in bren.
- Injury wae kin kam wit mɛrɛsin wae gɛt fɔ du wit di trot, yes, ɛn nos (ENT procedures).
- Mɛdikal tritmɛnt dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit di spayna: Fɔ ɛgzampul, we dɛn de gi dɛn epidural anesthesia , we dɛn de du lumbar pancture , ɔ we dɛn de tek wata frɔm di spayna (spinal tap) .
Ɔda tin dɛn we kin mek pɔsin gɛt injury
insay lεk 10% pan di kes dεm, dεn nכ no di εksakεt kכz fכ CSF lik. Bɔt masta sabi bukman dɛn dɔn kam fɔ no se dis prɔblɛm gɛt fɔ du wit sɔm ɔda sik dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt. Dɛn nɔ no yet fɔ tru if dɛn kɔndishɔn ya kin mek CSF lik, bɔt dɛn de du risach fɔ dis kɔnekshɔn.
- Kכnektiv Tisu Dizכrd dεm we de wik di layεr dεm na di tisu we de ol di CSF: fכ egzampl, kכndyushכn dεm lεk Marfan Syndrome εn Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome .
- di prεshכn we de insay di sכkul we de go כp (Intracranial Hypertension): Dis kin mek di tisu dεm we de rawnd di sכl tכn εn lik fכm.
- Pseudotumor Sɛribri we gɛt di sik.
- Fat: Ɛspɛshali fɔ fat bad bad wan.
- di strכkchכral dεfekt dεm we dεn bכn wit כ we dεn gεt na di we aw di nos, di sayn dεm, כ כda pat dεm na di sכkul de fכm.
Dis na sik we pɔsin kin pas?
Nɔ, (CSF Leak) nɔto sik we pɔsin kin gɛt.Yu nɔ go ebul fɔ spre dis to ɛni ɔda pɔsin, ɛn yu nɔ go ebul fɔ spre am to ɛni ɔda pɔsin.
Aw dɔktɔ dɛn kin no bɔt dis?
Dɔktɔ kin no if CSF lik bay we i du ɛgzam pan yu bɔdi, aks bɔt yu sik dɛn, ɛn aks bɔt yu mɛdikal istri ɛn di tin dɛn we de apin naw. Dɛn kin yuz difrɛn lab tɛst ɛn imej skan bak fɔ kɔnfɔm ɔ rul ɔut if CSF lik.
Di kayn tɛst we yu go du go dipen pan usay yu tink se di lik de ɛn if yu gɛt ɛni injuri bifo (ol ɔ nyu).
Us tɛst dɛn kin du fɔ no dis sik?
Bɔku tɛst dɛn de we dɛn kin yuz fɔ no if CSF lik. Bɔku pan dɛn tin ya na tɛst fɔ tek pikchɔ. Dɛn tin ya kin mek dɔktɔ dɛn luk insay yu ed ɛn yu spayna fɔ si usay lik de ɛn ɛni damej we go de mek i lik.
- Fluid test: If yu gɛt sayn dɛn we de sho se yu nos de rɔn (especially frɔm di nos), yu dɔktɔ kin want fɔ tɛst di fluid. di men tεst fכ dis na di beta-2 transfεrin tεst . dis de luk fכ wan protin we dεn kכl tau , we de insay CSF bכt nכ de insay di nos sekreshכn dεm. Wan ɔda tɛst we dɛn kin du na glukɔs tɛst . dis na biכs di כmכnt כf glukכs na CSF sεm lεk di כmכnt we de insay di bכdi. Bɔt di glukɔs we de na di nos sekreshɔn rili smɔl, ɔ ivin nɔ de.
- Imej ɛn diagnostik tɛst dɛn:
- CT skan (Kɔmpyuta Tomografi) .
- MRI skan (Magnetik Rizɔnans Imej) .
- Dijital Sɔbtrakshɔn Angiografi
- Maylografi ( na ɛkstrem rayt we dɛn kin yuz day fɔ injɛkt di spɛnal kɔd) .
- Cisternography ( wan skan fɔ luk di rod dɛm fɔ CSF) .
- Lumbar Puncture / Spinal Tap: Bɔt dis nɔ kin bi di fɔs tɛst we dɛn kin du we dɛn sɔprayz se CSF Lik.
Aw dɛn kin trit CSF Lik? Yu tink se dɛn kin mɛn am?
Bɔku tɛm, dɔktɔ dɛn nɔ kin trit CSF lik dairekt wan. Dis na bikɔs di CSF lik we bɔku injuri dɛn kin mek go wɛl fɔ dɛnsɛf as tɛm de go wit jɔs rɛst .
Bɔt we CSF lik nɔ go ebul fɔ wɛl fɔ insɛf, ɔ we dɛn no se i nɔ go wɛl, difrɛn tritmɛnt dɛn de we kin ɛp. Bɔku tɛm, dɛn kin mek di lik ɔ sial am . Dis go ɔl tu stɔp di sayn dɛm fɔ wɔs ɔr stɔp dɛm fɔ apin.
Sɔm sik dɛn we nɔ de mɛn, mɔ (Marfan Syndrome) ɔ (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome) .Dɛn nɔ kin ebul fɔ mɛn di sik dɛn we de ambɔg di kɔnektiv tisu lɛk dis. If CSF lik apin bikɔs ɔf wan kɔndishɔn lɛk dis ɛn dɛn nɔ go ebul fɔ trit yu dairekt wan, dɔktɔ dɛn go tray fɔ trit yu sik dɛn.
Us kayn mɛrɛsin ɔ tritmɛnt dɛn kin yuz?
Di tritmɛnt we yu go gɛt go dipen pan tin dɛn lɛk wetin mek di CSF lik ɛn usay i de.
- Kɔnsɔvativ Tritmɛnt: Dis nɔto dairekt tritmɛnt fɔ CSF Lik. Dis min se yu fɔ rɛst na bed fɔ sɔm tɛm. Dɔn bak, fɔ kɔntinyu fɔ gɛt wata . Mɛrɛsin fɔ pen ɛn swel bak kin bɔku. If di lik dɔn mek di CSF prɛshɔn smɔl, dɛn kin advays yu fɔ tek kafinɛ ɛn sɔl sɔpɔtmɛnt. If dɛn jenɛral tritmɛnt ya nɔ ɛp afta wan ɔ tu wik, yu dɔktɔ kin tɛl yu fɔ gi yu mɔ dairekt tritmɛnt.
- Ɔpreshɔn ɛn di tin dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit am: Ɔpreshɔn na kɔmɔn we fɔ mek di CSF lik. If na big big injuri mek di lik, ɔpreshɔn kin sial di lik dairekt ɔ fɔ mek di say we dɔn pwɛl. Sɔm ɔpreshɔn dɛn kin bi tru di skel. Ɔda wan dɛn kin du am tru di nos ɔ yu mɔt. Di kayn ɔpreshɔn go dipen pan usay di lik, di tin we mek i lik, ɛn aw i siriɔs.
- Blɔd Pat Injɛkshɔn: Wan pan di men tritmɛnt dɛn we nɔto ɔspitul fɔ CSF lik na di Blɔd Patch . pan dis, dכkta de put nidul insay yu lכw bכk (lumbar section). We i dɔn de na di rayt ples, dɛn kin tek smɔl pan yu yon blɔd ɛn injɛkt am na di CSF we de rawnd yu spɛnal kɔd. Dɔn di blɔd “pat” di lik, ɔ lɔk am. Sɔntɛnde, dɛn kin nid fɔ yuz pas wan Blɔd Pat. Bɔt, bɔku pipul dɛn kin fil sɔm kayn fridɔm afta di fɔs wan.
- Mɛrɛsin: Bɔku kayn mɛrɛsin de we kin ɛp fɔ mek CSF lik. Sɔm kin ridyus di prɛshɔn we de insay di skel. Dɛn kin gi ɔda wan fɔ siriɔs sayn lɛk pen. Dɛn kin gi am antibayɔtik bak. If baktri dεm go insay di bren tru di CSF, denja infεkshכn dεm lεk mεningaytis εn εnεfalaytis kin apin.
Wetin na de kɔmplikeshɔn ɔr sayd ɛfɛkt dɛm wae de tritmɛnt kin gɛt?
De kɔmplikeshɔn ɛn sayd ɛfɛkt dɛm wae de kam wit tritmɛnt de dip pan usay yu (CSF) lik, aw i siriɔs, di kɔz, ɛn di tritmɛnt wae yu de gɛt. Yu dɔktɔ kin ɛksplen di prɔblɛm dɛn we kin apin ɛn di sayd ɛfɛkt dɛn we kin apin to yu sik ɛn wetin yu kin du fɔ stɔp ɔ avɔyd dɛn.
Aw a kin tek kia ɔf misɛf/manage de symptoms?
CSF lik nɔto sɔntin we yu kin no ɔ trit fɔ yusɛf. If yu tink se yu gɛt dis sik, yu fɔ go to dɔktɔ kwik kwik wan.Dis na bikɔs di sayn dɛm fɔ dis sik kin tan lɛk di wan dɛm wae kin gɛt siriɔs mɛrɛsin wae kin nid fɔ go to dɔktɔ kwik kwik wan.
Aw kwik a go fil fayn afta dɛn dɔn trit mi?
De tɛm wae i kin tek fɔ wɛl ɛn fil fayn kin difrɛn difrɛn wan fɔ di tritmɛnt. Bɔku pipul dɛn kin fil sɔm kayn fridɔm jɔs we dɛn de ledɔm ɛn rɛst. Bɔt fɔ ɔda pipul dɛn, i kin tek sɔm dez, ivin sɔm wiks fɔ mek dɛn wɛl.
Aw a go ridyus ɔ mek dis sik nɔ kam?
(CSF Leak) na sɔntin we kin apin we pɔsin nɔ bin de ɛkspɛkt. So, dɛn nɔ go ebul fɔ stɔp am kpatakpata. Bɔt yu kin tray fɔ protɛkt yusɛf frɔm tin dɛn ɔ tin dɛn we kin mek yu lik. Bɔt yu kin jɔs du dis fɔ tin dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt we i wund.
Di impɔtant tin we yu kin du fɔ mek CSF nɔ lik frɔm injuri na fɔ wɛr tin dɛn fɔ protɛkt yusɛf . Injury na yu fes, ed, nek, ɛn spayna kin mek yu gɛt injury we kin mek CSF lik. Ilɛksɛf yu de wok ɔ na yu yon layf, yu kin ridyus dis prɔblɛm bay we yu yuz tin dɛn ɛn tin dɛn fɔ protɛkt yusɛf.
Wetin a go ɛkspɛkt if a gɛt dis sik?
Sɔntɛnde, i kin at fɔ no if CSF de lik. Bɔt di ɔltin we kin apin fɔ dis sik kin fayn . Pan ɔl we di sayn dɛm kin de mɔna yu, i kin tranga, ɔr kin ambɔg di tin dɛm wae yu kin du ɛvride, bɔrku tɛm, dɛn kin trit dis sik. Di bɔku bɔku pipul dɛn we gɛt CSF lik kin wɛl wans dɛn dɔn fiks di lik, ilɛksɛf na tritmɛnt ɔ ɔpreshɔn.
Aw lɔng CSF lik kin las?
CSF lik kin las fɔ sɔm dez, wik, ɔ ivin mɔnt. I dipen pan di sayz we di lik gɛt ɛn wetin mek i lik. Tritmɛnt kin ridyus di tɛm we yu kin fil di ifɛkt dɛm we CSF lik kin gɛt. Yu dɔktɔ na di bɛst pɔsin fɔ no aw lɔng dis sik go afɛkt yu ɛn wetin dɛn kin du fɔ ɛp yu.
Wetin na di lukin-grɔn fɔ dis sityueshɔn?
Ɔl togɛda, di luk fɔ CSF lik rili fayn . Na lɛk 98% pan di pipul dɛm wae gɛt CSF lik kin wɛl, ilɛk wetin mek.
Aw a kin kia fɔ misɛf?
If yu gɛt CSF lik, yu fɔ fala yu dɔktɔ in instrɔkshɔn fɔ aw fɔ kia fɔ yusɛf. Dɛn na di bɛst tin fɔ no bɔt wetin yu go ebul fɔ du ɛn wetin yu fɔ du. Dɛn go tɛl yu bak us sayn ɔr sayn dɛm wae de wɔn yu fɔ luk fɔ, ɛn wetin fɔ avɔyd.
Ustɛm a fɔ go to mi dɔktɔ ɔ go to dɔktɔ?
If yu tink se yu gɛt CSF lik, yu fɔ tɔk to ɔ si dɔktɔ. Pan ɔl we dis sik nɔ kin mek pɔsin gɛt siriɔs prɔblɛm ɔ we kin mek pɔsin in layf de pan denja, di sayn dɛn we i kin gɛt kin tan lɛk di wan dɛn we kin apin we pɔsin gɛt ɛnitin fɔ du wit am ɛn we kin mek i sɔfa.
If dɛn no se yu gɛt CSF lik, yu dɔktɔ go sɛtul fɔ fala yu fɔ wach yu as yu de wɛl. If yu fil se yu sik de wɔs ɔr de mek nyu tin dɛn de ambɔg yu ɛvride, yu fɔ go to yu dɔktɔ.
Ustɛm a fɔ go na di Imejɛnsi Dipatmɛnt (ETU) ?
If yu gɛt CSF lik, yu fɔ go na di imejensi rum if yu gɛt ed we de at wantɛm wantɛm, bad bad wan, yu mɔsul dɛn wik, ɔ i nɔ izi fɔ tinap . Yu fɔ si dɛn bak if yu gɛt swɛt ɔ wik ɛnisay na yu bɔdi, mɔ na yu an, yu fut, yu fut, ɛn yu an ɛn fut dɛn . Dɛn tin ya kin bi sayn dɛn fɔ se yu dɔn wund yu spɛnal kɔd, we kin ivin mek yu paralayz sote go.
Dɔn bak, yu fɔ go to dɔktɔ kwik kwik wan if yu gɛt sayn dɛn we tan lɛk strok . Dɛn tin ya na:
- Wiknɛs, swɛt, ɔ paralayz na wan say na di bɔdi.
- Slɔr tɔk ɔ slɔr tɔk.
- Wan say na di fes we de drɔp ɔ we wan yay nɔ de si fayn.
- I nɔ izi fɔ swɛla.
- Kɔnfyushɔn, vɛks, ɔ agyumɛnt.
- I nɔ kin izi fɔ pe atɛnshɔn, fɔ tink, ɔ fɔ mɛmba.
- Ɛd we kin at wantɛm wantɛm, mɔ if i ambɔg yu nɔmal tin dɛn we yu kin du.
Fɔ dɔn, tin dɛn fɔ mɛmba (Take-Home Message) .
di sεribrospεnal fכluid lik, כ CSF lik, na wan kכndyushכn we dεn nכ kin tכk bכt, bכt sכmtεm i kin mek yu gεt bכku bכku sכmtεm dεm εn i kin mek yu fil bad. Bɔt, nɔ panik. We di mɛrɛsin ɛn tɛknɔlɔji tide dɔn go bifo, dɔktɔ dɛn dɔn ebul fɔ no dis prɔblɛm kwik kwik wan. Dɔn bak, naw dɔktɔ dɛn ebul fɔ trit dis prɔblɛm bɛtɛ pas aw dɛn bin de trit am trade. So, de luk fɔ dis sik rili fayn .
Di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl na fɔ go to dɔktɔ wantɛm wantɛm if yu gɛt dɛn sik ya, pas fɔ gɛs . Sɔntɛnde, simpul rɛst kin ɛp. If nɔto dat, yu kin wɛl kwik kwik wan if yu gɛt di rayt tritmɛnt. Yu dɔktɔ go gi yu di bɛst gayd. Stay wit wɛlbɔdi!
` Sεribrospεnal fכluid, CSF lik, ed pen, rכn nos, bak pen, nyuropati, prεshכn pan di bren











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