Wali weebuuzizza engeri omusujja oba ssennyiga gy’agenda mu nnaku ntono? Oba okugema mu buto kutukuuma kutya endwadde ezimu obulamu bwaffe bwonna? Emabega wa bino byonna waliwo eggye ettono naye nga lya maanyi nnyo munda mu mibiri gyaffe, eritalabika na maaso. Leero tugenda kwogera ku mujaasi ow’enjawulo ennyo mu ggye eryo. Obwo bwe butoffaali bwa B .
Mu ngeri ennyangu, obutoffaali buno obwa B bwe baani?
Obutoffaali bwa B kika kya butoffaali obweru mu mubiri gwaffe. Okubeera omutuufu, kika kya butoffaali kya njawulo ekibeera mu kibinja ky’obutoffaali obweru obuyitibwa lymphocytes. Teebereza nti omubiri gwaffe nsi nnene. Olwo abaserikale baffe abaziyiza endwadde ge ggye ery’okwekuuma eggwanga eryo. Mu ggye lino mulimu ebibinja eby’enjawulo. Mu ngeri y’emu, waliwo ebika by’obutoffaali eby’enjawulo mu baziyiza baffe.
Mu bino, obutoffaali bwa B bulina obuvunaanyizibwa obukulu ennyo. Kwe kugamba, zikola ebyokulwanyisa okulwanyisa abalabe nga akawuka ne bakitiriya eziyingira mu mibiri gyaffe. Mu busawo, ebyokulwanyisa bino tubiyita antibodies . Ebirungo bino ebiyitibwa antibodies bikozesebwa okusaanyaawo obuwuka obuleeta endwadde obuyingira mu mibiri gyaffe.
Ng’oggyeeko obutoffaali bwa B, ekintu ekirala ekikulu eky’abaserikale baffe ab’omubiri ye butoffaali bwa T. Wadde nga obutoffaali bwa B bulinga amakolero agakola ebyokulwanyisa, obutoffaali bwa T bulinga abaduumizi abagenda butereevu mu lutalo okusaanyaawo abalabe oba okulungamya olutalo. Bino byombi awamu bitukuuma obutakwatibwa ndwadde.
Waliwo ebika by’obutoffaali bwa B bibiri ebikulu.
Nga bwe kiri mu magye gaffe ag’ebyokwerinda, waliwo ebibinja by’obutoffaali bwa B obukola emirimu egy’enjawulo. Okusinga waliwo ebika bibiri.
| Ekika ky’obutoffaali bwa B | Omulimu ogukolebwa |
|---|---|
| Obutoffaali bwa Plasma | Bano be "abakola ebyokulwanyisa." Obuwuka bwe buyingira mu mubiri, obutoffaali buno bukola obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde bungi okubulwanyisa. Obadde okimanyi nti akatoffaali ka plasma akamu kasobola okukola obusimu obuziyiza endwadde nga 2,000 buli sikonda? Abantu bano bwe batyo bwe bakola obulungi. Naye obulamu bwazo bumpi katono. |
| Obutoffaali Obujjukira | Bano be "bakessi" oba "abakuumi b'ebiwandiiko." Obutoffaali buno kye bukola kwe kujjukira ebikwata ku buli mulabe (obuwuka) ayingira mu mubiri. Kwe kugamba, singa akawuka akayingidde mu mubiri kakomawo, obutoffaali buno obw’okujjukira butegeera mangu ne butegeeza abaserikale b’omubiri. Olwo obutoffaali bwa plasma busobola okukola amangu obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde obwetaagisa ne busaanyaawo omulabe oyo nga tannaba kuleeta bulwadde. Eddagala ly’okugema lye tukuwa likola kubanga lisitula okujjukira kw’obutoffaali buno obw’okujjukira. |
Kuba akafaananyi ng’olina obulwadde bw’omusujja gw’ensiri ng’okyali mwana muto. Oba nti wagemebwa omusujja gw’ensiri. Obutoffaali bwa memory B mu mubiri gwo bujjukira bulungi akawuka ka musujja. Singa akawuka ka musujja kaddamu okugezaako okuyingira mu mubiri gwo, obutoffaali buno obw’okujjukira butegeera amangu ddala nga bulaba ne buweereza akabonero eri amagye. N’ekyavaamu, tojja kuddamu kufuna musujja. Obwo bwe busobozi obw’ekitalo obw’obutoffaali buno obw’okujjukira.
Enkola eyeewuunyisa obutoffaali bwa B gye bukola
Engeri obutoffaali bwa B gye bukolamu ng’obuwuka buyingidde mu mubiri nzibu nnyo, era yeewuunyisa nnyo. Ka tukitegeere mu mitendera mitono egyangu.
1. Okuzuula omulabe: Okusooka, "guard cell" (Antigen-presenting cell - APC) mu baziyiza baffe ekwata omulabe (virus/bacteria) ayingidde mu mubiri. Ku ngulu w’abalabe bano, waliwo akabonero ak’enjawulo akasobola okubategeera. Kiyitibwa antigen . Kiringa ttatu ku mubiri gw’omumenyi w’amateeka. Akatoffaali akakuuma kakwata omulabe ono ne kalaga antigen (tattoo) yaako ku ngulu. Kiba ng'okulaga buli muntu nti "Ono mubbi."
2. Okutegeeza abaduumizi: Akabonero k’omulabe akalagibwa mu ngeri eno kalabibwa omuduumizi ow’enjawulo mu ggye lyaffe, kwe kugamba, akasenge akayamba aka T cell . Kasita akatoffaali ka T kalaba kino, kakola. Ye y’agenda okuwa ekiragiro eri obutoffaali bwa B.
3. Okukola kw'obutoffaali bwa B: Akatoffaali ka T akakola kagenda ne kakwatagana ku katoffaali ka B akakwatagana, ne kaweereza akabonero akalaga nti "kwetegekera olutalo." Bwe kifuna akabonero kano, akatoffaali ka B katandika okweyawulamu, ne kakola enkumi n’enkumi za kkopi (clones) zaako.
4. Okwawukana mu maanyi abiri: Obumu ku butoffaali bwa B obukola mu ngeri eno bufuuka obutoffaali bwa pulasima . Ekitundu ekirala kifuuka obutoffaali bw’okujjukira era nga kyetegefu okulwana entalo mu biseera eby’omu maaso.
5. Okulumbibwa obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde:Bwe zimala okufuuka obutoffaali bwa plasma, zitandika okukola obukadde n’obukadde bw’obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde obukoleddwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okutuuka ku mulabe eyasooka. Antibodies zino ziringa mizayiro ezigenda okudda eka. Zigenda ne zeekwata ku balabe mu mubiri gwonna, ne zibasaanyaawo oba ne zibaziyiza. Eno y’engeri gye tutereera oluvannyuma lw’obulwadde.
Obutoffaali bwa B bukolebwa wa mu mubiri gwaffe?
Bwe tuba mu lubuto lwa maama waffe nga embuto, obutoffaali bwa B bukolebwa mu kibumba. Naye bwe tumala okuzaalibwa, obutoffaali bwa B bukolebwa mu busimu bwaffe obw’amagumba. Obusigo bw’amagumba kye kitundu ekiringa sipongi mu magumba gaffe amanene. Obutoffaali buno obwa B bukolebwa okuva mu butoffaali obusibuka obukola omusaayi (hematopoietic stem cells) awo. Oluvannyuma lw’okukula, obutoffaali buno obwa B bugenda mu nseke n’ennywanto, ebitundu ebikulu mu nkola yaffe ey’amazzi, ne butegeeza ku mulimu.
Kiki ekibaawo singa enkola y’obutoffaali bwa B etaataaganyizibwa?
Abaserikale baffe ab’omubiri tebakola bulungi bulijjo. Oluusi, enkyukakyuka mu nkola y’obutoffaali bwa B ziyinza okuvaako endwadde ez’amaanyi.
| Ekika ky’endwadde | Ebibaawo n’ebyokulabirako |
|---|---|
| Endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri | Eno embeera ya nnaku nnyo. Ekibaawo wano kiri nti obutoffaali bwaffe obwa B tebusobola kwawula "mukwano ku mulabe." Kwe kugamba, obutoffaali bwa B butandika okukola obutoffaali obuziyiza obutoffaali bwaffe obulamu. Kiringa eggye lyaffe lye litulumba. Eby’okulabirako:
|
| Kookolo | Oluusi, olw’obutabeera bulungi mu butoffaali bwa B, butandika okwawukana mu ngeri etafugibwa. Okuzimba kuno okw’obutoffaali bwa B obungi obutali bwa bulijjo kuyinza okuvaako kookolo. Eby’okulabirako:
|
Omanya otya oba obutoffaali bwo obwa B bwa bulijjo?
Omuntu omukulu owa bulijjo alina obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes wakati wa 1,000 ne 4,800 buli microliter y’omusaayi. Ku lymphocytes zino, wakati wa 10% ne 20% butoffaali bwa B.
Okukebera omusaayi mu bujjuvu (CBC) okukolebwa omusawo wo kuyinza okukuwa ekirowoozo ku muwendo gwonna ogw’obutoffaali obukola omusaayi mu mubiri gwo. Kyokka bw’oba weetaaga okumanya ebikwata ku butoffaali bwo obwa B, ojja kwetaaga okukeberebwa okw’enjawulo okuyitibwa lymphocyte profile . Okusinziira ku bivudde mu kukeberebwa kuno, omusawo wo yekka y’asobola okuzuula oba obutoffaali bwo obwa B buli waggulu oba wansi era kiki ekivaako. N’olwekyo bw’oba olina ekikweraliikiriza ku kukebera omusaayi gwo, kakasa nti oyogera n’omusawo wo.
Tukuuma tutya abaserikale b’omubiri n’obutoffaali bwa B nga binywevu?
Tewali ddagala lya kyamagero lya njawulo eriwonya omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bwa B mu butonde. Kyokka, bwe tukuuma abaserikale baffe okutwalira awamu nga balamu bulungi era nga ba maanyi, tusobola okuyamba obutoffaali bwaffe obwa B okukola omulimu gwabwo obulungi. Wadde bino biyinza okukulabika ng’ebintu ebyangu, bikulu nnyo okukuuma abazibizi baffe obutakola nnyo.
- Funa eddagala lyonna erigema: Okugema y’engeri esinga obulungi ey’okutendeka obutoffaali bwaffe obwa B obw’okujjukira.
- Lya emmere ennungi: Muteekemu emmere erimu ebirungo ebiyamba omubiri okukola obulungi, gamba ng’enva endiirwa, ebibala n’ebimera ebibisi.
- Dukanya situleesi: Situleesi esukkiridde enafuya abaserikale b’omubiri. Osobola okukendeeza ku situleesi ng’oyita mu bintu ng’okufumiitiriza, okukola dduyiro, n’okwenyigira mu mulimu gw’oyagala ennyo.
- Weewale omwenge n’okunywa sigala: Bino bikosa butereevu abaserikale b’omubiri.
- Otulo otumala: Okwebaka obulungi essaawa 7-8 olunaku kyetaagisa nnyo abaserikale b’omubiri okudda engulu.
- Dduyiro buli kiseera: Okola dduyiro ow’ekigero okumala eddakiika ezitakka wansi wa 150 mu wiiki kirungi nnyo eri obulamu bwo.
- Sigala nga oli muyonjo: Okunaaba mu ngalo buli kiseera ne ssabbuuni kiyinza okuyamba okuziyiza obuwuka obuteetaagibwa okusaasaana.
Obutoffaali bwa B bwe buzira obutono mu mibiri gyaffe obukola mu kasirise naye nga buli kiseera. Awatali bo, tetwandisobodde kukola antibodies. Awatali buziyiza, ne bwe kiba nti omusujja omutono guyinza okutulwaza ennyo. Kale, ffenna tugezeeko okulabirira obukuumi buno obutonotono n’okukuuma abaserikale b’omubiri nga banywevu.
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Obutoffaali bwa B kika kya njawulo eky’obutoffaali obweru mu mubiri gwaffe ogukola obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde okulwanyisa obuwuka.
- Waliwo ebika by’obutoffaali bwa B bibiri ebikulu: obutoffaali bwa plasma, obulwana mu kiseera kino, n’obutoffaali obujjukira, obujjukira abalabe.
- Eddagala erigema likola nga lisitula obutoffaali obujjukira, bwe kityo ne kitukuuma obutakwatibwa bulwadde obwo mu biseera eby’omu maaso.
- Obutakola bulungi bwa butoffaali bwa B buyinza okuvaako embeera ez’amaanyi ng’endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri ne kookolo.
- Nga tugoberera obulamu obulungi (endya ennungi, otulo, dduyiro, okuddukanya situleesi) tusobola okukuuma abaserikale baffe okutwalira awamu nga banywevu.
- Bw’oba olina ekikweraliikiriza ku kukeberebwa omusaayi oba abaserikale b’omubiri, bulijjo weebuuze ku musawo.
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