Wali olowoozezza nti emisuwa egiri munda mu mibiri gyaffe giringa emidumu gy’amazzi mu nnyumba? Nga ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, obucaafu n’obusagwa bwe bizimba munda mu payipu z’amazzi ne biziyiza okutambula kw’amazzi, ebintu ng’amafuta n’amasavu nabyo bisobola okuzimba munda mu misuwa gyaffe ne biziyiza omusaayi okutambula. Ekyo kye tuyita `Endarterectomy`, enkola y'okulongoosa okuyonja omusuwa ogw'omusaayi oguzibiddwa bwe gutyo. Leero, kino tugenda kwogera mu bigambo ebyangu.
Mu ngeri ennyangu, Endarterectomy kye ki?
Endarterectomy (eyatulwa: en-da-te-rek-to-me) nkola ya kulongoosa okuddamu okuggulawo emisuwa egyazibiddwa oba egyafunda. Mu nkola eno, abasawo baggyawo obuwuka obuyitibwa plaque , oluwuzi olunene olw’amasavu, calcium, n’oluwuzi olukuŋŋaanye munda mu misuwa gyo.
Okufaananako n’okuyonja obucaafu obuli mu payipu y’amazzi n’oleka amazzi okuddamu okutambula obulungi, oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa kuno, entambula y’omusaayi mu misuwa edda. Kino kikendeeza nnyo ku bulabe bw'embeera ez'obulabe ng'okuzimba omusaayi n'okusannyalala .
Okulongoosa kuno kutera kukolebwa ng’obujjanjabi bw’embeera eyitibwa okuzimba emisuwa. Wano we wabaawo obuwuka obuyitibwa ‘plaque’ bwe bukuŋŋaana munda mu misuwa, ekigireetera okukaluba mpolampola n’okufunda. Okulongoosa kuno kutera okusemba ku bantu abalina obubonero, obw’ekigero obw’amaanyi obw’emisuwa egyazibiddwa.
Waliwo embeera bbiri enkulu ezijjanjabwa n’okulongoosa kuno:
- Obulwadde bw’emisuwa egy’okumpi (PAD): Buno buba buzimba mu misuwa egigaba omusaayi mu magulu oba emikono gyo. Kino kiyinza okukuluma amagulu ng’otambula, ebiwundu okuwona mpola, oluusi n’okufa kw’ebitundu by’omubiri (gangrene).
- Obulwadde bw’emisuwa gy’omubiri (Carotid Artery Disease): Eno mbeera ya maanyi. Kiva ku kuzimba obuwuka obuyitibwa plaque mu misuwa emikulu ebiri mu bulago egitwala omusaayi mu bwongo. Singa tebujjanjabwa, kiyinza okuvaako okusannyalala oba okulumbibwa omusaayi mu kiseera ekitono (TIA).
Bika ki eby’okulongoosa endarterectomy?
Ekika ky’okulongoosa kyawukana okusinziira ku kifo mu mubiri gwo omusuwa we guzibiddwa. Laba emmeeza eno wammanga okukwanguyira kino.
| Ekika ky’okulongoosa | Okulongoosa omusuwa gw’omusaayi n’okunnyonnyola |
|---|---|
| Okusalako omusuwa gw’omu lubuto (Carotid Endarterectomy). | Okwoza emisuwa egitambuza omusaayi okuva ku njuyi zombi ez’ensingo okutuuka ku bwongo. Kino kye kika ekisinga okubeerawo. |
| Okusalako Endarterectomy mu kifuba | Okwoza emisuwa emikulu (emisuwa gy’omu kifuba) egiva mu kitundu ky’omugongo okutuuka ku magulu. |
| Okusalako omusuwa gw’omusaayi (Aortic and Iliac Endarterectomy). | Okwoza emisuwa emikulu mu bitundu by’olubuto (olubuto) n’ekisambi (hip). |
| Okusalako Endarterectomy mu bulwadde bwa Coronary | Okwoza emisuwa gy’omutima egigabira omutima gwennyini omusaayi. |
| Okusala Endarterectomy mu mawuggwe | Okuggya omusaayi omukadde mu misuwa egitwala omusaayi mu mawuggwe. Kino kitera okukolebwa nga tekitera kukolebwa. |
Nteekwa ntya nga sinnalongoosebwa?
Nga tannalongoosebwa kuno, omusawo ajja kukola okukebera okuwerako okuzuula ddala engeri emisuwa gyo gye gizibiddwa.
- Doppler Ultrasound: Eno ekozesa amaloboozi okulaba emisuwa gye gizibiddwa n’omuwendo gw’omusaayi ogukulukuta.
- CT Angiography: Mu kino, amazzi ag’enjawulo (contrast dye) gafukibwa mu musuwa mu mukono gwo, era ne bakozesa CT scan okukuba ekifaananyi ky’emisuwa gyo mu bitundu bisatu (3D).
- Angiography: Mu nkola eno, amazzi ag’enjawulo gafukibwa butereevu mu misuwa ne bakwatibwa ebifaananyi bya X-ray.
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): Ekozesa magineeti n’amayengo ga leediyo okukuba ebifaananyi by’emisuwa.
Ng’oggyeeko ekyo, omusawo ajja kukuwa ebiragiro ku ngeri y’okwetegekera okulongoosebwa. Oyinza okusabibwa okulekera awo okumira eddagala erimu okumala akaseera, gamba ng’eddagala erikendeeza omusaayi (anticoagulants). Oluusi, oyinza okusabibwa okutandika okumira eddagala nga aspirin.
Era ojja kwetaaga okusiiba okumala essaawa ntono nga tonnalongoosebwa. Ttiimu y’abasawo ababudamya ejja kukubuulira ddala eky’okukola. Oyinza n'okukeberebwa nga `Echocardiogram` oba `Stress Test` okukebera obulamu bw'omutima gwo.
Ani atayinza kulongoosebwa kuno?
Abantu abamu abalina embeera z’obujjanjabi ezimu bali mu bulabe bwa maanyi obw’okulongoosebwa kuno, n’olwekyo abasawo tebakuwa amagezi. Okugeza nga:
- Bw’oba olina obulwadde bw’omutima obw’amaanyi obutafugibwa (congestive heart failure).
- Bw’oba waakafuna obulwadde bw’omutima.
- Bw’oba olina obubonero bw’obulwadde bw’omutima obutasobola kujjanjabibwa.
- Bw’oba olina obulwadde bw’amawuggwe obw’amaanyi nga emphysema oba COPD.
- Bw’oba obadde ofunye obujjanjabi obw’amasannyalaze (radiation treatment) okutuuka mu kifo we bagenda okulongoosebwa.
- Singa wabaawo yinfekisoni mu kitundu ekyo.
Naye teweeraliikiriranga. Ne ku muntu nga ono, omusawo oluusi ajja kugezaako okuggyawo ekizibiti ng’ateeka stent munda mu musuwa, gamba ng’okuggyamu emisuwa.
Okulongoosa kukolebwa kutya?
Ojja kuweebwa eddagala eribudamya oleme kuwulira bulumi bwonna ng’olongooseddwa. Ebiseera ebisinga, ojja kuweebwa eddagala eribudamya abantu bonna. Kino kitegeeza nti ojja kuba tomanyi. Wabula mu mbeera ezimu naddala ng’oyoza emisuwa mu bulago bwo (carotid endarterectomy), oyinza okusigala ng’otunula n’okuzirika mu kitundu ekyo kyokka (local anesthesia) ng’olongoosebwa kubanga kyetaagisa okulondoola emirimu gy’obwongo bwo.
Mu kiseera ky’okulongoosebwa, omusawo:
1. Okusala kukolebwa nga basala olususu ku musuwa oguzibiddwa.
2. Omusuwa guggulwawo era oluwuzi lwa `plaque` oluli munda luggyibwamu n'obwegendereza.
3. Omusuwa gutungibwa ne guddamu okutungibwa wamu ne guggalwa. Oluusi, okukomya ekitundu okuddamu okufunda, `patch` (patch) ey’obutonde oba ekitundu ky’omusuwa omulamu ekiggiddwa mu kitundu ekirala eky’omubiri gwo gwennyini kikozesebwa okugaziya ekitundu ekyo katono.
4. N’ekisembayo, ekifo ekisaliddwamu olususu kiggalwa ne kitungibwa.
Emigaso, akabi, n’obudde bw’okudda engulu
Omugaso omukulu oguli mu kulongoosa kuno kwe kusumulula omusuwa oguzibiddwa ne guzzaawo omusaayi okutambula. Kino kikendeeza nnyo ku bulumi bw’amagulu, ebiwundu ebitawona, n’okusingira ddala obulabe bw’okusannyalala. Ebiva mu kulongoosa kuno bitera okumala emyaka.
Nga bwe kiri ku kulongoosa kwonna, waliwo obulabe obumu, naye emikisa gya bino okubaawo mitono.
- Okuvaamu omusaayi
- Endwadde z’omutima, gamba ng’okulwala omutima
- Yinfekisoni
- Okwonooneka kw’obusimu (ebiseera ebisinga kwa kaseera buseera) .
- Okufunda kw’omusuwa gwe gumu ogwalongoosebwa
- `Okusannyalala`
Ekisinga obukulu kwe kukitegeera nti omusawo wo akuwa amagezi okulongoosebwa kuno kubanga emigaso gy’okulongoosa gisinga wala obulabe.
Kitwala bbanga ki okuwona?
Ebbanga ly’onoomala mu ddwaaliro lisinziira ku kika ky’okulongoosebwa.
- Okulongoosa carotid (omusuwa gw’ensingo): nga olunaku lumu.
- Ku kulongoosa ekisambi (omusuwa gw’amagulu): Ennaku nga bbiri oba nnya.
- Okulongoosa omusuwa gw’omusuwa (abdominal artery): nga wiiki emu.
Ojja kusabibwa okuyingira okugoberera nga wayise wiiki nga nnya ng’omaze okulongoosebwa. Abantu abasinga basobola okudda ku mirimu oluvannyuma lw’okugoberera kuno. Kyokka bw’oba olina omulimu ogwetaagisa okusitula ebintu ebizito, kiyinza okukutwalira omwezi gumu oba ebiri okutereera.
Nkubire omusawo ku ssaawa mmeka?
Bw’ofuna obubonero bwonna ku buno wammanga ng’omaze okulongoosebwa, olina okuyita omusawo mu bwangu oba okugenda mu kitongole ky’abalwadde ab’amangu (ETU) mu ddwaaliro erikuli okumpi.
- Obulumi mu kifuba
- Okukaluubirirwa okussa
- Bw’owulira omusujja oba ng’olina omusujja
- Bw’owulira ng’ozibye oba obunafu mu kifo we batemye
- Singa wabaawo okuzimba, okumyuuka oba amazzi agalinga amasira okwetooloola ekifo ekisaliddwa
- Enkyukakyuka mu kulaba, okwogera obubi oba okugwa ku ludda olumu olwa ffeesi
- Singa wabaawo okuziyira oba okusiiyibwa
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Endarterectomy nkola ya kulongoosa eggyamu obuwuka obuyitibwa ‘plaque’ (amasavu) munda mu musuwa n’ayoza omusuwa.
- Okulongoosa kuno kuyinza okukendeeza ennyo ku bulabe bw’embeera ez’amaanyi nga okusannyalala.
- Nga tonnalongoosebwa, bakeberebwa okuwerako okuzuula obunene bw’okuzibikira n’obulamu bw’omutima gwo.
- Wadde nga kuno kulongoosa kwa maanyi, nkola ya bujjanjabi evaamu ebirungi era emala emyaka.
- Kitwala ekiseera okudda engulu oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa. Mu kiseera ekyo, kikulu nnyo okugoberera ddala ebiragiro by’omusawo.
- Singa obubonero bwonna obw’akabi bulabika oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa, funa amagezi g’abasawo awatali kulwa.
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