Nau piangsual chungchang zir duh em? Hlau suh, sawi ila!

Nu nih i beisei lai emaw, member thar i chhungte zawm tura i beisei lai emaw chuan i rilrua duhthusam ber chu naute hrisel hi a ni. Mahse, a châng chuan, beisei loh takin, naute chu a lo piang chhuak thei a, a pianphungah danglamna engemaw zat a awm thei bawk. Hei hi “ Birth Defects” kan tih chu a ni. He thu i hriat hian tlem a hlauhthawn leh lungngai deuh hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, lungngai suh. Hemi chungchang hi hriatthiamna mumal neih a pawimawh hle. Vawiin hian he thu hi chipchiar tak leh awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Nau piangsual chu eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, nausen piansualna chu nausen pian tirh laia lo piang chhuak pangngai lo a ni. Heng inthlak danglamna te hian naute taksa peng eng pawh a nghawng thei a ni. Naupai lai hian nau piangsual thenkhat chu doctor ten an hmuchhuak thei a . A dangte chu naute pian hnuah emaw, naute a upa deuh deuh emaw chuan hriat theih a ni. A tam zawkah chuan heng dinhmunte hi naute dam kum khatna chhungin an hmuchhuak thin. Mahse, piansualna zawng zawng hi pawn lamah hmuh tur a awm vek lo tih hriat reng a pawimawh .

Nau piangsual ṭhenkhat chu nunna atana hlauhawm thei a nih laiin, a zawng zawng chu chutiang chu a ni lo. Naupang an nghawng dan hi a natna hmuhchhuah danah a innghat a ni. Nau piangsual thenkhat chuan naupang hmel lan dan chauh a tidanglam thei. Mahse, mi dangte chuan naupang ngaihtuahna, chetna, leh ni tin hna a thawh dânte chu a nghawng thei a ni.

Nau piangsualna langsar zualte chu engte nge ni?

Hengte hi nau piangsualna langsar zual thenkhat chu an ni:

• Hmai leh/ emaw, hmui hrual (cleft palate).
• Ruh thanna lama thil dik lo, short stature , kut leh ke hloh, emaw scoliosis te.
• Thinlung natna (congenital heart conditions) a awm thin.
• Chromosome abnormalities – Entirna pakhat chu Down syndrome tih hi a ni .
• Clubfoot a ni .
• Naupai laia nuin zu a in avanga thil awm dan (Fetal alcohol syndrome).
• Sickle cell atanga thisen tlakchhamna.

He list hi a kim lo a, hetiang piansualna dang pawh a awm thei.

Nau piangsual hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

Dik tak chuan, piansualna hi i ngaihtuah angin a tlem lo. Entirnan, United States-a statistics atanga a lan dan chuan naute hi minute li leh a chanve danah piansualna neiin a piang thin. Chumi awmzia chu naute piang 33 zinga pakhat vel chuan piansualna chi khat emaw an nei thei tihna a ni. Hei hian hei hi thil awm dan tlangpui a ni tih a tilang.

"Congenital disorder" tih thumal hman hi a dik em?

“Birth defect” tih hi damdawi lama dik tak a ni. Embryonic stage-a taksa insiam dan inthlak danglamna sawina atan hman a ni. Chuvângin, dinhmun pakhat chu “piansualna” tia sawi chu thil dik lo a awm lo.

Mahse, a pawimawh ber chu piansualna nei chu "disabled" emaw "disabled" emaw ti suh. An taksa inthlauhna hian tu nge an nih a tichiang lo. Nau piangsual chungchang, emaw, piansualna nei te chungchang sawi dawnin tawngkam tihnat, tha lo tak tak hman loh a pawimawh.

"Birth defect" tih thumal hman harsatna i neih chuan heng ang thumal dang hi i hmang thei ang:

• Congenital abnormalities – chu chu nau piang laia awm thin thil danglam tihna a ni.
• Pianpui atanga lo piang (congenital conditions) te.
• Taksa lama a danglamna (malformations) a awm.

Nau piangsualna chhinchhiahnate chu engte nge ni?

Nau piangsualna chhinchhiahna chu a na lo atanga na tak thlengin a awm thei. Taksa peng eng pawh a nghawng thei a, ruh leh chhungril peng hrang hrang te pawh a nghawng thei a ni.

Naupai laiin symptoms hmuh theih

Naupai lai hian doctor-te chuan nau piangsual chhinchhiahna te enfiah nan screening test hrang hrang an hmang thin. Hetih lai hian symptom lang thei te chu:

• Thisen test-a protein level beisei aia hniam emaw sang emaw a nih chuan.
• Ultrasound examination-ah chuan nausen kawr hnung lamah extra fluid a awm tih hmuhchhuah a ni.
• Nausen thinlung (fetal echocardiogram) enfiahna scan-ah chuan chhungril taksa peng hrang hrang, thinlung ang chite insiam danah thil dik lo a awm tih hmuhchhuah a ni.

Naute pian hnua symptoms hmuh theih

Nausen pian hma, a nih loh leh a pian hnu ni engemaw zat chauh piansualna thenkhat chu a lang lo. Nausen leh naupang tê têa hmuh chhuah tlangpui chu:

• Lungphun (heartbeat) rhythm danglam tak a ni.
• Thâwk lak harsat.
• Hming lam emaw, thawm ri nasa tak emaw avanga chhan loh.
• Nangmah emaw, i hmaa thil awm emaw chu mit hmanga zui lo.
• Bawnghnute ei leh in harsat.
• Lu, hmai, mit, beng leh hmuiah te hian hmel bik, danglam tak neih.
• Kum nena inmil hmasawnna lama thil thleng (e.g., rolling over loh, thut loh) thleng thei lo.
• Hahdam lohna leh thinrimna reng reng.

Hei hi list kimchang a ni lo.I fa chungchangah thil mak emaw, danglam emaw i hmuh chuan, emaw, heng symptoms zinga pakhat tal i hmuh chuan i fa doctor pan nghal rawh.

Nau piangsual hi engte nge ni?

Nau piangsual hi chhan hrang hrang a awm thei. A bulpui berte chu:

• Genetic inthlak danglamna.
• Damdawi thenkhat side effect angin.
• Thil emaw chemical emaw thenkhat nena inzawmna.
• Naupai laia harsatna awm thei.

Heng zawng zawng hian nausen hmasawnna a nghawng vek a ni. A tam zawkah chuan hengte hi kan thunun theih loh thil a nih avangin kan venna tur hian kan tih tur a tlem hle.

Nausen thanlenna stage hrang hrang chungchang tlem

Naute chu nausen pum chhunga nau pai a nih hnuah a thanlenna kawng lian pahnih a awm a.

1. Embryo stage: Hei hi naupai atanga kar 10 hmasa ber a ni. Hei hi naute taksa peng lian ber ber leh taksa peng hrang hrangte a lo pian tan hun a ni. He embryonic stage-ah hian nau piangsual theihna a sang ber a, a chhan chu taksa peng hrang hrangte hi an la lo thang lian zel a ni. Entirnan, naupai hnu kar hnih atanga kar sawm inkar velah nuin thil tha lo tak a tawk a nih chuan nausen nausen tan harsatna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni.

2. Fetal stage: Hei hi naupai hun la awm chu a ni. Hemi hun chhung hian taksa peng hrang hrang lo thanglian zelte chu an lo thang zel a, nausen chu a tlangpuiin a lo thang lian thin.

Medical science-in a tarlan dan chuan tun dinhmunah hian nau piangsual zinga 30% vel chauh awm chhan hi hriat a ni. Chumi awmzia chu 70% vel chu a chhan chiang tak hmuh a la ni lo tihna a ni. Nau piangsual 50% leh 70% inkar hi random mai mai a ni mai thei a, a chhan pawh hriat a ni lo.

Genetic Factors leh Piansualna te

Nau piangsual zinga 20% vel chu genetic factors vang a ni. Kan taksa cell-te hian chromosome an nei a, a tlangpuiin 46. Chromosome tin hian gene sang tam tak a nei a. Gene tin hian kan taksa peng pakhat a lo thang lian emaw, a hnathawh emaw tur ruahmanna a keng tel vek a. Miin chromosome tam lutuk emaw, tlem lutuk emaw a neih chuan cell-te thuchah dawn chu a buaithlak hle.

Chromosome inthlak danglamna hi a hnuaia mi ang hian a thleng thei a ni:

• Chromosome extra neih: Entirna pakhat chu Down syndrome hi a ni. Hetiang natna vei te hian chromosome 21 copy extra an nei thin.
• Chromosome deficiency: Turner syndrome chu mi pakhat chu X sex chromosome thenkhat emaw, a pum emaw nei lovin a piang a.
• Chromosome deleted: Entirna pakhat chu Prader-Willi syndrome a ni a, chromosome 15-a genetic information thenkhat chu a bo a ni.
• Relocated chromosomes / Translocation: Chromosomes te chu an awmna pangngai atanga hmun danga an kal.

Piansualna thenkhat chu rochun a ni.Chumi awmzia chu chhungkuaa tu emaw chuan a nei thei a, naupangah pawh a thleng thei tihna a ni. Mi dangte chu a awm fo a, chu chu chhungkaw zingah tumahin an la nei lo tihna a ni.

Damdawi thenkhat leh piansualna

Damdawi thenkhat chuan nausen lo thang zel chu a nghawng thei a, nau piangsualna a thlen thei bawk. Entirna thenkhat:

• Isotretinoin (acne damdawi – Accutane® emaw Roaccutane® emaw) a ni.
• Fit natna damdawi thenkhat (Antiepileptic damdawi), e.g. valproic acid hmanga siam a ni
• Lithium a ni
• Warfarin (thisen zawrh tur venna damdawi) .

Naupai i tum emaw, naupai tawh emaw i nih chuan i doctor hnenah damdawi, vitamin leh supplement i ei zawng zawng chungchang sawipui rawh. I doctor-in damdawi a pek apiang a side effects te pawh zawt bawk ang che. Doctor remtihna tel lo chuan damdawi engmah ei khap suh.

Thil leh chemical thenkhat avang hian

Kan chhehvela thil leh chemical thenkhat hian nausen hmasawnna a tichhe thei a, nausen piangsualna a thlen thei bawk.

• Zu.
• Thil ruihhlo ngawlvei – e.g. caffeine (a tam lutuk chuan), damdawi lei theih loh, ruihhlo.
• Pesticide emaw herbicide emaw a ni.
• Environment tihbawlhhlawh.

Khawvel hmun thenkhatah chuan pesticide leh herbicides hlauhawm tak tak hman a nih avangin nau piangsualna a awm fo thin. Hei hi entirnan Vietnam War laia an hman thin herbicide Agent Orange hi a ni.

Naupai laiin harsatna a awm avangin

Naupai laiin harsatna engemaw zat avang hian nau piangsual a awm thei bawk. Hengte hi nu leh pate thunun theih loh thil a nih fo avangin hetiang thil a lo thlen hian a pawi hle thei a ni.

Entirnan:

• Uterine constraint: Naupai laiin nausen awmna amniotic sac chu a rupture thin. Hei hian amniotic band syndrome ang chi condition a thlen thei a, chu chuan ke leh ke ruh a tichhe thei a ni.
• Amniotic fluid tlakchham: Nausen pum chhunga nausen chhehvela tui awm tlem. Hei hian nausen chungah pressure a siam thei a, lung a tichhe thei (pulmonary hypoplasia).
• Infection: Infection thenkhat, toxoplasmosis leh cytomegalovirus te hian nausen lo piang mek chu a nghawng thei a ni.

Heng harsatnate pumpelh nan hian naupai laiin nangmah leh i nausen lo piang chhuak tur hrisel taka awm theih dan tur doctor nen sawiho ang che.

Nau piangsualna tipungtu risk factors te chu engte nge ni?

Thil engemaw emaw, hriselna dinhmun emaw chuan nau piangsual nei neih theihna a tipung thei a ni.

• Zunthlum.
• Thau lutuk.
• Nu kum (kum 35 chunglam).
• Chhungkaw zinga mi pakhatah genetic predisposition neih.
• Substance hmansualna (substance hmansualna) a ni.
• Damdawi thenkhat ei.

Hetiang dinhmun hi i neih chuan i doctor chuan a enkawl theih nan a pui thei che a ni. Tin, i genetic disease i vei theihna tur test an ti thei bawk.

Nau piangsualte hi engtin nge an hriat chhuah?

Doctor chuan naupai lai emaw, naute pian hnuah emaw, naupan hnua a lan chhuah hunah emaw piansualna a hmuchhuak thei a ni. Test-ah chuan diagnosis a awm tih a nemnghet.

Naupai laiin Screening Test neih thin a ni

Naupai lai hian nau piangsual leh genetic condition te screening test neih i thlang mai thei. Chungte chu ultrasound emaw thisen test emaw pawh a ni thei. Screening test-ah thil dik lo a awm chuan i doctor chuan diagnostic test neih a rawt thei ang.

First-trimester test: Nausen chu thinlung dik lo leh chromosomal condition Down syndrome ang chi a awm leh awm loh enfiah thin ang che.

• Blood screen: Nu thisena protein level emaw circulating free fetal DNA emaw a teh thin. Results pangngai lo chuan nausen chhunga chromosomal condition awm theihna a sang tih a tilang thei.
• Ultrasound: Hei hian nausen kawr hnung lamah tui tam zawk a awm leh awm loh a enfiah thin. Hei hi thinlung natna emaw, chromosomal condition emaw a ni thei.

Second-trimester test: Nausen chhunga structural problem awm leh awm loh enfiah thin.

• Serum screen: Second trimester-a thisen test tih hian chromosomal condition leh/ emaw spina bifida ang chi condition te a screen thei a ni.
• Anomaly ultrasound: Hei hian nausen lian leh te a enfiah a, piansualna a enfiah bawk.

Diagnostic Test te neih a ni

Test hmasa result a dik lo a nih chuan doctor chuan test dang neih belh a rawt thei bawk. Heng test te hi naupai hlauhawm tak takah pawh tih thin a ni.

• Fetal echocardiogram: Hei hi ultrasound scan a ni a, nausen thinlung chu a bik takin a enfiah thin. Mahse, pian hmaa thinlung natna zawng zawng a hmuchhuak thei lo.
• Fetal MRI: Hei hian nausen thluak emaw nervous system emaw a enfiah thin.
• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS): He test hian nausen atanga a te tak te tak te a la a, chromosomal emaw genetic condition emaw a test thin.
• Amniocentesis: Amniotic fluid tlemte chu paih chhuah a ni. A chhunga cell awmte chu chromosomal abnormalities leh genetic changes te enfiah thin a ni. Infection thenkhat, cytomegalovirus (CMV) te pawh a hmuchhuak thei bawk.

Nausen piangsual thenkhat chu nausen pian hnuah chauh doctor ten an hmuchhuak thin. Condition thenkhat, cleft lip te hi pian tirh atangin hriat theih a ni. Mi dangte chu naupan lai emaw, puitlin lai emawa hmuhchhuah an ni.I naute hriselna ngaihtuah la, natna lan chhuah dan i hriat chuan i fa doctor hnenah hrilh rawh.

Nau piangsualte enkawl dan tur engte nge ni?

Enkawlna chu a natna hmuhchhuah danah a innghat a ni. Enkawlna hi a tlangpuiin symptoms tihtlem emaw, structural abnormalities siamthat emaw a ni. Chûng zîngah chuan:

• Inzai.
• Damdawi chi hrang hrang.
• Taksa lam enkawlna.
• Thil hriatna hmanrua, glasses, brace, leh wheelchair ang chi hmanrua hman.
• Sikul-a zirna lama puihna (special education).

Nau piangsual hi tihdam vek theih a ni em?

A tlangpuiin piansualna, a bik takin genetic condition-ah hian damdawi a awm lo. Enkawlna hian naupang natna lan chhuah dan a tihziaawm thei a, a natna lan chhuah dan a nasat chuan nunna atana hlauhawm harsatna a thlen theihna a ti tlem thei bawk.

Nau piangsual hi ven theih a ni em? Naupai hrisel tak nei turin eng nge i tih ang?

Nau piangsual tam tak chu ven theih a ni lo. Mahse, naupai hrisel tak neih theih nan thil engemaw zat i tih theih a awm a:

• Doctor hmu fo ang che. Nau pai i tum a nih chuan, emaw, mipat hmeichhiatna hmanpui leh naupai venna i hmang lo a nih chuan nau neih hmaa vitamin pakhat, folic acid 400 mcg awmna ei tur a ni.
• Naupai nia i inhriat chuan Doctor pan nghal rawh.
• Zu in loh tur.
• Damdawi leh supplement i ei dan tur chu i doctor nen sawiho rawh.
• Doctor-in a pek loh damdawi engmah ei loh tur a ni.

Ka fa hian piansualna a nei a nih chuan engtin nge ka ngaihtuah ang?

Nau piangsual hi thil buaithlak leh sensitive tak a ni. Nau piangsual tam tak damdawi leh venna a awm lo tih hi a lungchhiatthlak thei a, a ti hlauhawm thei bawk.

Piansualna i nei tih hmuhchhuah i nih chuan zawhna tam tak i nei thei. Doctor te, specialist te, leh genetic counselor te hian nau piangsual chungchang leh i fa tanpui dan tur hrechiang zawk turin an pui thei che a ni.

Nau piangsual hi a awm fo tih hre reng ang che. A chhan tam tak chu i thunun theih loh a ni a, a lo thleng mai mai a ni. Nau piangsual apiang laka inven dan tur a awm lo. Mahse, i fa chu i hmangaih thei a, i advocate thei a, i enkawl thei bawk. Chu chu an hnena i pek theih thilpek ropui ber a ni.

Nausen piangsual nei nu leh pa i nih chuan i fa doctor pan fo ang che. Nang leh doctor chuan a chhan awm thei te, test te, enkawlna te, specialist hnena referral te, leh support group te uluk takin in sawi dun tur a ni. Zawhna i neih chuan i fa enkawltu team hnenah tanpuina dil rawh.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

I naute hian piansualna chhinchhiahna eng emaw a neih chuan doctor pan rawh.A bik takin, i fate hmasawnna tur thil pawimawh tak takte chu ngaihven rawh. Entirnan, hma an lak hmasak ber lai te, an kum nena inmil thil an tih leh tih loh te. I fain milestone eng emaw a neih loh chuan doctor pan rawh.

Engtikah nge Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah i kal a ngaih ?

I fain heng natna khirh tak takte a lantir chuan emergency room-ah kal rawh:

• Thâwk harsa.
• Vun chu a sen, a dum emaw, a dum emaw a lo awm.
• Mit var a sen emaw, vun a sen emaw.
• Lungphun pangngai lo tak a ni.
• Harsatna harh.
• Bawnghnute ei loh/in loh.

I doctor zawh tur zawhna

• Eng thilin nge ka fa piansual chhan?
• Cesarean section neih a ngai em?
• Ka fate ṭanpui tûrin eng enkawlna kawngte nge awm?
• Enkawlna hian side effect a nei em?
• Eng symptom nge ka fimkhur tur?
• Chhungkaw tanpui thei tur support group te i rawt thei ang em?

Dimples hi piansualna a ni em?

Ni lo, dimples hi piansualna a ni lo. Dimples hi depression te tak te, thuk tak, i nuih laiin i hmuiah a lang thin. Hrilhfiahna nei thei ni mah se, hmasawnna lama thil danglam anga ngaih an ni lo.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Nu leh pa naupai hriat harsa ber pakhat chu an nausen emaw, nau piang thar emaw-ah thil dik lo a awm tih hi a ni. Nau piangsual tam tak chu ven theih a nih loh laiin, naupai hma leh naupai lai hian nau piangsual hlauhawmna tihziaawmna tur step i tih theih a awm.

Nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che. I doctor-te chuan nau piangsual enkawlna kawnga harsatna awmte chu an hrethiam hle. I fain a theihna zawng zawng a tihhlawhtlin theih nan test te, damdawi te, leh kawng dangte chungchang thute an hrilh ang che. I hmangaihna, i ngaihsakna leh i advocacy te hi naupangin a dawn theih thil hlu ber a ni.