Mini-stroke i nei tawh em? Hei hi TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) an ti a!

Transient Ischemic Attack ( TIA ) tih hi i hre tawh em? I tan chuan thil mak deuhin a ri mai thei. A awlsam zawngin, hun eng emaw chen atana stroke ang mai a ni . Chu chu kan thluak peng pakhata thisen kal chu hun eng emaw chen a khap a, chutah chuan a pangngaiin a lo kir leh tihna a ni. Hei hi kan ngaihtuah tak tak tur a ni a, a chhan chu major stroke hmahruaitu a ni thei a ni. Chuvangin, vawiinah hian TIA chungchang hi in hriatthiam theih tur angin kan sawi dawn a ni.

TIA chu eng nge ni tak tak?

TIA, ka sawi tawh ang khan, i thluak hmun khata thisen kal chu hun engemaw chen atana tihtawp a ni. Tui pipe chu rei vak lo a inkhar a, a inhawng leh ang mai a ni. Thisen kal a tihtawp chuan thluak cell-te hian oxygen leh nutrients an hmu lo. Tichuan, chu cell-te chuan hun engemaw chen chu hna an thawk tawh lo va, a châng chuan an chhe ṭan bawk. Hei hi `(Ischemia)` kan tih chu a ni.

Hei hi TIA an ti fo thin. ``Ischemic stroke'' nen a inang hle a, chu chu thisen zam avanga stroke a ni. An pahnih tan hian symptoms a inang vek. Mahse a danglamna ber chu TIA symptoms hi darkar 24 chhungin (a tam zawkah chuan minute tlemte chhungin) a bo vek a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu: TIA hi medical emergency a ni a, stroke ang bawkin! A chhan chu TIA nge stroke tih hi a lan chhuah tirh khan kan hre chiang thei lo. Chuvangin, nangmah emaw, i hriat miin emaw stroke symptoms (entir nan, hriatna hloh, tawng thei lo, hmai tlahniam, mitdel ) i neih chuan 1990 (Sri Lanka’s emergency ambulance service) i call nghal tur a ni. I natna lan chhuah dan chu a reh deuh a nih pawhin nghak la, “Aw, hei hi a pawi lo,” tiin ngaihtuah suh. TIA hi major stroke a thlen hmain warning sign a ni thei!

TIA emaw “mini stroke” emaw – eng hming nge dik?

Mi tam tak chuan TIA hi “mini-stroke” an ti bawk. Mahse chu chu a hming dik tak a ni lo. TIA hi “mini,” emaw, te emaw a ni ngai lo. A chang chuan thluak hmun zau zawk a nghawng thei bawk. A pawimawh ber chu TIA a neih hnu minute engemaw zat, darkar emaw, ni engemaw zat chhungin stroke tak tak a awm thei tih hi a ni.

Stroke leh TIA inkarah hian danglamna pawimawh dang pahnih a awm a:

1. TIA chu a tlangpuiin a mah chauhin a bo thin. Chu chu symptoms a bo tihna a ni. Mahse, stroke chuan a ti lo. Enkawl a ngai a ni.

2. Stroke i neih chuan a chhinchhiahna chu MRI scan-ah hmuh theih a ni. I symptoms te chu a bo tawh a nih pawhin i thluak chhiatna chu a la awm reng a ni. TIA-ah chuan MRI-ah hian danglamna a awm lo tlangpui.

TIA natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

TIA symptoms hi stroke symptoms nen a inang hle. Chung zinga pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw chu a rualin a thleng thei a ni:

• Taksa sir khata chakna hloh emaw, paralysis emaw (Hemiplegia): I kut emaw ke emaw i chawi thei lo nghal mai emaw, i kal laiin a sir khatah i innghat ang maia i inhriat emaw chu han mitthla teh.
• Thusawi harsa emaw, thiam loh emaw (Aphasia): Thumal siam harsa, i sawi duh sawi theih loh, midang sawi hrethiam thei lo.
• Stuttering or slurred speech (Dysarthria): Thusawi lai hian thu a fiah lo va, lei a tlakbuak ang maiin a lang.
• Thununna hloh emaw, hmai sir khata tlak emaw: Darthlalang a en hian a sir khata hmui kil khat chu a hnuai lam a hawi a, mit khap harsa ang maiin a lang.
• Sens pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw-a hriatna hloh nghal (mit, hriatna, rim, thlum, khawih ): Mit, hriatna, rim, emaw thlum hloh nghal.
• Blurred vision emaw double vision (Diplopia): Thil pahnih vawi khata hmuh, emaw, blurred vision neih.
• Balance hloh emaw taksa chet harsat (Ataxia): I kal laiin i inher ang maiin a lang a, i ke leh ke ruhte pawh thunun a harsa hle.
• Vertigo: Lu-a luak chhuak emaw, inher emaw tih hriatna .
• Nausea leh vomiting : I pum a inher ang maia inhriatna, leh luak chhuak duhna i nei thei bawk.
• Neck stiffness: Kawng hawi a har a, a khauh hmel hle.
• Emotional instability leh personality inthlak danglamna: Thinrimna, tap spell, emaw nungchang inthlak danglamna.
• Buaina emaw, buaina emaw: Eng thil nge thleng tih a hre thei lo va, a buai hle niin a hria.
• Amnesia: Thil thleng kha i hrechhuak thei lo va, hun rei vak lo kalta a i thil tih kha i hrechhuak thei lo.
• Lu na (a tlangpuiin rang leh na tak): Lu na tak, na tak.
• Fainting or fainting: Thil hriatna hloh nghal mai.

If you have any of these symptoms , ngaihthah suh. Damdawi lam thurawn zawng nghal rawh.

Eng thilin nge TIA a thlen?

TIA leh `(Ischemic stroke)` awm chhan pahnih hi a tam zawkah chuan a inang vek a ni. Chungte chu:

• Thrombosis: Thluak chhunga thisen kalna kawng chhungah thisen zam (blood clot) a lo awm a , chu chu a block thin.
• Taksa hmun danga thisen zam lo awm tawh chu a inthen a, thluak lamah a kal (Thromboembolism): Thinlung emaw, kawr chhunga thisen kalna lian tak tak (Carotid arteries)-a thisen zam lo awm chu han mitthla teh, a inthen a, thisen nen a kal a, thluaka thisen kalna kawng te tak teah a tang a ni.
• Lacunar stroke: Thluaka thisen kalna kawng te tak te tak tak a block.
• Cryptogenic TIA: Cryptogenic tih awmzia chu “a chhan thup” tihna a ni. Hei hian TIA thenkhat hian chhan chiang tak an nei lo tihna a ni.

Hetiang dinhmun hi engte nge ni?

TIA awm theihna tur emaw, a thlen theihna tipung thei emaw thil tam tak a awm. Hengte hi risk factor kan ti a.

• Thisen sang (Hypertension): Hei hi TIA vei theihna tur risk factor ber leh chak ber a ni. Chuvang chuan i thisen sang control turin kan ti fo thin.
• Type 2 diabetes: Zunthlum vei te pawh hi TIA vei theihna a sang hle.
• Zuk leh hmuam hman (a bik takin zuk leh hmuam emaw vaping emaw): Cigarette zuk leh vaping hian hei hi nghawng lian tak a nei a ni.
• Atrial Fibrillation (Afib): Hei hi thinlung thawk dan pangngai lo (Arrhythmia) a ni. Hei hian thinlung pindan pakhatah thisen a luang tha lo thei a, a ding reng thei bawk. Hei hian thisen zam (blood clots) a siam awlsam phah a ni. Heng thisen zamte hi thluak lamah a kal thei a, a tang thei bawk.
• Stroke emaw TIA emaw i neih tawh: Stroke emaw TIA emaw i neih tawh chuan TIA dang i neih leh theihna a sang zawk.

Risk factor dangte chu:

• Heart disease leh a hmaa heart attack (a bik takin tun hnaia): Lung natna vei leh heart attack nei tawhte chu an hlauhawm zawk.
• Cholesterol sang (Hyperlipidemia): Thisen a cholesterol tha lo (LDL cholesterol) level a san avangin hengte hi thisen kalna chhungah dahin thisen kalna kawng a zim thei a ni. Hei hi ``Atherosclerosis`` an ti a.
• Thau lutuk emaw thau lutuk emaw: Thau lutuk te pawh hi an hlauhawm zawk.
• Ruihhlo hman (intihhlimna atana ruihhlo te pawh tel) leh damdawi lam thurawn tel lova zu in tam lutuk.
• Kum: Kan upat deuh deuh hian chhan hrang hrang avangin thisen kalna kawngte chu a insiamrem lo deuh thin. Hei hian atherosclerosis a thlen thei a, thisen kalna kawng a ti tawi thei a, TIA a thlen thei bawk.

TIA avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

TIA hi medical emergency a nih chhan ber chu stroke a lo thleng dawn tih hriattirna a nih vang a ni . TIA nei zinga 20% vel chuan ni 90 chhungin stroke an nei ang. Tin, chutiang stroke zinga a chanve chu TIA atanga ni hnih hmasa berah a thleng thin. Chuvang chuan enkawl nghal a pawimawh em em a ni.

Engtin nge TIA hi hmuhchhuah a nih? (Diagnosis) tih a ni.

Doctor chuan TIA a awm tih chu kawng hrang hrang hmangin a hmuchhuak thin.

• Medical history: I hriselna dinhmun, natna hmasa leh tuna i natna lan chhuah dan te zawhna kan zawt ang che.
• Taksa leh thluak enfiahna: Hei hian doctor-in i natna lan chhuah dan a hriat belh theih nan a pui thei a, a bik takin enfiah lai khan i la nei reng a nih chuan.
• Imaging scan te chu:
• CT scan hi minute tlemte chhungin tih theih a ni. Thluaka thisen chhuak a awm leh awm loh a hriat chian thuai thei. A awm chuan enkawl tan nghal theih a ni.
• MRI scan hian stroke emaw TIA emaw i neih leh neih loh a hriat chian theih a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu i symptoms te chu a bo vek tawh a nih pawhin thluak a chhiatna a awm chuan MRI-ah a lang chhuak dawn a ni. A awm chuan stroke a ni. TIA hian chutiang chhiatna chu a lantir lo tlangpui.

I natna lan chhuah dan leh hriselna lama harsatna dang i doctor rinhlelh a zirin test dang tih tur a ni. I doctor chuan heng test te hi eng nge an nih leh engvangin nge an tih tih a hrilhfiah ang che.

TIA hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

TIA chu, a awmziaah chuan, hun eng emaw chen atan a ni. Mahse, stroke – hun rei lote chhunga awm ni lo, na tak – a awm thei tihna a ni bawk. Chumi awmzia chu TIA thlentu dinhmun enkawl hian stroke a veng thei tihna a ni.

Doctor-te chuan heng natnate hi a hma leh nasa taka enkawl an rawt tlangpui. Hei hi a chhan chu stroke hi natna khirh zawk, nunna atana hlauhawm zawk a nih vang a ni. Stroke pawh hi enkawl harsa tak a ni. Enkawlna hmang pawhin stroke hian chhiatna a thlen thei a, thihna pawh a thlen thei bawk.

TIA hnua stroke laka invenna atana enkawlna lian ber berte chu:

• Damdawi chi hrang hrang
• Catheter hmanga tih dan tur
• Inzai

TIA hnua stroke laka invenna damdawi

TIA thlentu emaw, a thlentu emaw dinhmun enkawlna leh nakin lawka TIA emaw stroke emaw lo awm tur venna atana pui thei damdawi tam tak a awm.

• Aspirin: Hei hi Doctor ten damdawi an pek tam ber a ni. Thisen zam awm theihna a tihziaawm avangin stroke a veng thei a ni. Hemi atan hian Clopidogrel (Plavix®), Ticagrelor (Brilinta®), leh Aggrenox (aspirin leh dipyridamole inzawmkhawm) te pawh hman a ni.
• Thisen sang damdawi: Hengte hian thisen kalna kawng chhunga pressure a tihziaawm. Entirnan, `(Calcium channel blocker)`, `(ACE inhibitor)`, `(Angiotensin II receptor blocker – ARBs)`, `(Diuretics)` ( zun tam zawk siamna damdawi) te hi a ni.
• Statin chi hrang hrang: 1.1.Hengte hi cholesterol tihhniamna damdawi an ni. Anni hian thisen a cholesterol tha lo (LDL cholesterol) level an tihhniam ber a ni. He LDL cholesterol hi thisen kalna kawng a deposit a, a ti tawi a, atherosclerosis a thlen thin. Atorvastatin (Lipitor®) leh Rosuvastatin (Crestor®) te hi he class-a damdawi hriat lar tak tak an ni.
• Blood thinners / Anticoagulants: Heng damdawi te hian thisen zam a ti harsa zawk. Hei hian thluaka thisen kalna kawng khata thisen zam (blood clot) lo awm leh a tlakbuak theihna a ti tlem a ni. Entirnan, `(Warfarin – Coumadin®)`, `(Apixaban – Eliquis®)`, `(Rivaroxaban – Xarelto®)` emaw `(Dabigatran – Pradaxa®)` te hi a ni. Heng damdawi te hi `(Atrial Fibrillation)` (an abnormal heart rhythm) i neih emaw, i thinlunga thisen zam i neih chuan emaw pek theih a ni.

Catheter hmanga tih dan tur

Endovascular procedures tih hian enkawlna eng pawh, tube ang chi, vunah incision te tak te tak hmanga thisen kalna kawng chhunga dah luh hmanga enkawlna eng pawh a kawk a ni. Endovascular tih awmzia chu “thisen kalna chhungah” tihna a ni. Heng tih dante hian thisen kalna chhung ngeia harsatna awmte chu a enkawl a, operation lian tham tih ngai lovin.

Hengte hi i ``Carotid arteries''-ah tih a ni tlangpui. Chu chu thinlung atanga thluak thlenga thisen phurtu thisen kalna kawng lian ber berte a ni. Heng ``Carotid arteries'' (stenosis) te hi a tawi chuan TIA emaw stroke emaw a thlen thei.

TIA hnua stroke venna atana pui thei endovascular procedure thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Endovascular thrombectomy: Hei hi thisen zam tihbo nan a ni. Hei hian thisen kalna kawng a hawng a, thluaka thisen kal chu a siam tha leh a ni.
• Stenting: Hei hian thisen kalna kawng chhungah stent, mesh ang chi hmanrua dah a huam a ni. Stent hian thisen kalna kawng zim tawh chu a inhawng reng a, thisen chu awlsam zawkin a kal thei a ni.
• Angioplasty: Hei hi catheter (tube) hmanga balloon bun a ni. He balloon hi thisen kalna kawng zim tawh chu tizau turin inflated theih a ni.

Endarterectomy tih a ni

Catheter hmanga tih theih lohna hmunah chuan thisen kalna kawng zau zawka zai theih a ni. Hei hian TIA emaw stroke dang emaw a veng thei a ni. Entirnan, surgery carotid endarterectomy an tih hi a ni. Hei hian kawr chhunga thisen kalna kawng lian tak (carotid artery) hawn te, plaque lakchhuah te, leh thisen kal tamna te a huam a ni.

TIA thlen thei dinhmun dang enkawlna

I damdawi lam dinhmun dang a zirin enkawlna dang pawh ngaihtuah theih a ni bawk. Entirnan, i heart emaw cerebrovascular (brain blood vessel) specialist team chuan i TIA emaw stroke emaw chu patent foramen ovale (PFO) an tih natna avanga lo awm a ni tih an hre thei ang. PFO chu bang chhunga khur awm, thinlung hnuai lam chamber pahnih inthenna a ni. Hei hian thisen zam chu thluak lamah a kal thei a ni. I doctor chuan stroke hlauhawmna tihziaawmna turin a khur chu khar turin a rawt mai thei.

TIA hi ven theih a ni em?

A châng chuan a ti thei a, mahse a ni reng reng lo. TIA tam zawk hi ven theih thil avanga lo awm a ni. Mahse a chang chuan TIA hi hriat lawk loh, beisei loh thil vang pawh a thleng thei bawk.

Thisen zam avanga stroke awm thin ischemic stroke neih theihna tur thil tam tak a awm a. Hei hian stroke chu a veng vek lo mai thei a, mahse i hlauhawmna a ti tlem thei a ni. I tih theih thilte chu:

• Kum khatah vawi khat tal i primary care provider hmu la, checkup kimchang i nei ang. Hei hian natna lan chhuahna nei lo, thisen sang leh zunthlum ang chi harsatna awm thei te hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui thei a ni.
• I taksa rihna hrisel tak, i duh ang angin vawng reng ang che.
• I ei leh inah fimkhur rawh (hemi chungchangah hian i chhungkaw doctor-in thurawn a pe ang che).
• Zuk leh hmuam i hman chuan i hmang tawh lo (a nih loh leh a tir lamah chuan hmang tan suh).
• Zu i hman chuan khap tlat ang che. Damdawi lam thurawn tel lo chuan damdawi dang hmang suh.
• Doctor-in damdawi a pek ang chiah chiah ei tur a ni.
• I natna khirh tak tak (e.g. thisen sang, zunthlum, cholesterol sang) te chu thunun la.

TIA i neih chuan eng nge beisei tur?

TIA chu hun eng emaw chen atana stroke ang a ni. Thil i tih laiin heng symptoms te hi i tawn chuan hahdam harsa i ti thei a, symptoms te chu a reh thei a, a reh thei bawk. Mahse, i thil tih tawh kha i chhunzawm leh hunah chuan a natna lan chhuah dan chu a lo let leh thuai thei a ni.

TIA leh stroke symptom pahnih hi a inang vek avangin 911 hi i call nghal tur a ni. Stroke a nih leh nih loh hriat theih a ni lo, a lan chhuah lai hian TIA a ni em tih hriat theih a ni lo.

TIA hi eng chen nge a awm theih ang?

TIA a awm rei zawng hi a inang lo thei. A awmziaah chuan TIA hi darkar 24 aia rei lo a ni. Mahse, TIA hi chutiang rei chu a awm lo. TIA tam zawk hi minute tlemte chauh a ni.

TIA dinna tur hian eng nge hmalam hun?

TIA siamna tur thlirna chu a chhan leh a chungchanga i tih danah a innghat nasa hle. Enkawlna tel lo chuan ni 90 chhungin – a bik takin TIA hnu ni hnih hmasa berah – stroke neih theihna a sang hle.

Emergency medical attention i zawn nghal chuan outlook a tha ber . Doctor-te chuan TIA emaw stroke emaw i neih leh neih loh an finfiah thei a, i TIA thlentu emaw, a thlen chhan emaw an hre thei bawk. Chutiang chuan buaina bulpui enkawl dan tur an rel thei a, harsatna dang i neih loh nan eng nge i tih theih ang tih pawh an rel thei bawk.

TIA hnuah engtin nge ka in enkawl ang?

Enkawlna i dawn hnuah doctor thupek zawm a pawimawh hle. Chu thupekte chu ngun taka i zawm poh leh TIA emaw stroke dang emaw i neih loh theihna a sang zawk. TIA hi chhan hrang hrang avanga lo awm thei a nih avangin i in enkawl dan tur pawh a danglam thei bawk.

A tlangpuiin TIA venna atana emaw, i neih theihna tur tihtlem nan emaw i tih theih ang chiah hi TIA i neih hnua i tih tur ang chiah kha a ni. I doctor chuan i tih theih leh tih tur chungchangah thupek chiang tak a pe ang che.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang? / Engtikah nge emergency room-ah ka kal ang?

TIA avanga emergency treatment i dawn hnuah doctor hnenah follow-up care atan i hmu tur a ni. I doctor chuan a tul angin follow-up visit a ruahman ang. I natna lan chhuah dan enfiah turin an pui bawk ang che a, i enkawlnain a thawh that dan pawh an hmu thei bawk ang.

TIA i lo neih tawh a, chutiang chhinchhiahna chu a lo lang leh a nih chuan 1990 call nghal la, emergency room hnai ber pan rawh.

Tun hnaia TIA nei tawh chuan natna dang a nei thei bawk. A hnuaia symptoms te hi i neih chuan emergency medical attention i pan tur a ni:

• Ke ruh chhunga thisen zam (Deep Vein Thrombosis – DVT) (a hring, sen, ke na) .
• Pulmonary Embolism (PE) (rilru na nghal, thawk harsa) .
• Heart attack (ril natna nasa tak, tightness, kut veilam atanga natna radiating down) .

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

• TIA emaw stroke emaw ka nei em?
• Ka TIA thlentu emaw, a thlentu emaw, a bulpui ber (underlying causes/factors) te chu engte nge ni?
• TIA emaw stroke dang emaw ven nan eng inthlak danglamna nge ka siam theih emaw, tih duh emaw?
• TIA dang emaw stroke dang emaw venna tur eng enkawlna nge awm?
• Damdawi emaw, enkawlna emaw avanga lo awm thei side effect eng nge ka hriat tur?
• Eng symptom dang nge emergency room-ah ka kal tur?

TIA hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

TIA hi a takah chuan a tam hle. Mithiamte chuan kum tin TIA 500,000 vel report a nih thu an sawi. Mahse, he zat hi a tam zawk tih finfiahna a awm. Hei hi chhan hrang hrang a awm a:

• TIA hi hun eng emaw chen atan a ni: Mite chuan an chunga thil thleng hi an hre lo mai thei. A natna lan chhuah dan a reh thuai chuan damdawi inah an kal lo thei a, damdawi lam thurawn pawh an la lo thei bawk.
• TIA hian evidence a hnutchhiah lo:TIA chu a tawp hnuah imaging scan-ah hmuh theih a ni lo. Brain damage a awm chuan stroke a ni a, TIA a ni lo.
• Stroke hian TIA a zui fo thin: TIA a neih hnu rei vak lovah stroke a awm thei a, mahse TIA chu eng nge a nih an hre lo mai thei.
• TIA (TIA mimics) ang chi natna dang tam tak a awm bawk: Stroke ang chi symptoms nei, mahse a takah chuan stroke ni lo condition tam tak a awm. Miin damdawi ina a kal chuan eng thilin nge an natna lan chhuahna chhan chu hriat theih a ni lo mai thei.

A tawp berah chuan hei hi ka sawi tur che u a ni (Take-Home Message) .

`(Transient Ischemic Attack – TIA)` chu a rawn lut nghal thei a, minute tlemte chhungin a bo thei bawk. Mahse i rilruah buaina leh hlauhna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni. Stroke symptoms i nei a, minute tlemte chhungin a bo a nih pawhin ngaihthah ngai suh! Damdawi lam pan vat a ngai tihna a ni.

TIA i neih chuan ni 90 chhunga stroke i neih theihna chance a sang zawk hle. Tin, TIA hnua stroke zawng zawng zinga a chanve chu ni hnih hmasa berah a thleng thin. Enkawlna i hmuh nghal chuan stroke na zawk i veng thei a ni. I nunna a chhanhim thei a, chhiatna awm reng tur a veng thei a, theihna hloh tur a veng thei bawk. Chuvangin, he thil hi fimkhur hle ang che. He thu hi nangmah leh i hmangaih tak takte tan a tangkai ngei ka beisei.