I thluaka he ‘pons’ te tak te hi i hre tak tak em? Kan sawi dawn nia!

Kan taksa chhunga taksa peng lian tak takte chungchang hi kan sawi vek a ni lawm ni? Thinlung, lung, kal (kidney) ang chi te. Mahse, kan thluak chhunga peng te te te hi eng ang taka pawimawh nge an nih tih hi i ngaihtuah ngai em? Awle, kan thluak chhunga thil te tak te, mahse pawimawh tak tak ‘pons’ tih hi a awm a. A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, kan lu chhunga ṭhuin ngawi renga hna ropui tak tak thawk ang mai a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan, he ‘Pons’ hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, i pons hi i thluak bul pahnihna atanga a hnuai lam thlenga awm a ni . A dik tak chuan i medulla oblongata chungah chiah a awm a ni. A chunga cerebrum, a hnuaia medulla oblongata leh spinal cord inkar kawngpui ang maiin ngaihtuah rawh. Pons hi kan cranial nerve engemaw zat inzawmna lian tak a ni . Cranial nerves hi thluak nena inzawm tlat nerve network a ni. Chuvangin, heng nerve connection te hi a pawimawh hle. I lu chhunga hriatna engemaw zatah an pui a, chubakah i hmai leh hmui hmun hrang hrang an ti che thei bawk.

Pons hian eng nge a tih tak tak? A hnathawh ber berte chu engte nge ni?

‘Pons’ hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan i thluak leh i ruhro inzawmkhawmtu thluak bul a ni. Chuvangin, ‘Pons’ hi i nervous system-a junction pawimawh tak a ni . Thluak atanga signal kal leh chhuak tur kawng siamtu a ni. A bik takin, ‘Pons’-ah hian ‘neurotransmitters’ engemaw zat a awm a, chu chuan thluak hnathawhna kawngah mut ang chi a pui a ni.

Pons hnathawh lian ber ber thenkhat han thlir ila:

• I mut leh harh chhuah dan a thunun: Ngaihtuah teh, pons hian zing i thawh hian i harh chhuah danah nghawng lian tak a nei a, zan lama i mut theih danah pawh nghawng lian tak a nei bawk. I harh huna i taksa alertness level set tu part pawh a ni.
• Pain signals a enkawl: Pons hian i taksa chhunga khawi hmunah pawh i kawr hnuai lam atanga i thluak ah natna signal a thawn chhuak a, chu signal te chu a tidanglam thin. Hei hian eng ang natna nge i neih tih hriat theih nan a pui bawk tihna a ni.
• Thluak hmun dang nen hna a thawk: Pons hi thluak hmun pawimawh dang cerebellum , i taksa inthlauhna leh che vel control tu nena inzawmna pawimawh tak a ni. Tin, thluak zung (brain stem) peng dangte nen pawh a thawk dun a, chu chuan i thawk dan a thunun a ni .

Traffic police officer ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. Ani chu a niThluak chhungah signal kal leh haw a thawn chhuak a, a then chu a ti chak a, thenkhat chu a control bawk.

Engtin nge cranial nerves nen a inzawm?

Pons hian i cranial nerve sawm leh pahnih zinga pali tan junction pawimawh tak tak a nei a. Heng cranial nerve (Roman number hmangin kan number ang) te hi Pons te nen an inzawm a:

• Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V): He nerve hi i hmai khawih leh natna hriat theihna tur a ni. Chaw ei nana i hman thin ruh (muscles) te pawh a control bawk. Entirnan, miin i hmui a khawih a, i hriat a, ha na i neih chuan he nerve vang a ni.
• Abducens nerve (CN VI): Hei hi mit tizautu ruh pakhat control tu nerve a ni. He nerve hi a chhiat chuan thil hrang hrang pahnih angin i hmu thei a, chu chu ‘diplopia’ kan ti a ni.
• Facial nerve (CN VII): He nerve hian i hmel lan dan tam zawk a control a. He nerve hi i nuih a, i hmui i hup hian hna a thawk thin. I lei hmalam a ei theihna tura puitu nerve a ni bawk.
• Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII): He nerve hi hmun hnih ah a inthen a, chungte chu vestibular nerve leh cochlear nerve te an ni.
• Vestibular nerve hi i balance hriatna petu a ni. I kal emaw, i tlan emaw pawhin ding nghet turin a pui che a ni.
• Cochlear nerve hi hriatna petu a ni . He nerve vang hian hla emaw, mi pakhat emaw thusawi ri hriat theih a ni.

Engtin nge pons hian taksa peng dangte a puih?

Pons hian thluaka sensory information a phurh avangin organ dangte a pui a, i taksa hriat loh thil thenkhat chu direct-in a control bawk. Entirnan, i mut leh harh cycle leh thawk dan control nan a pui thin. I natna hriat theihna pawh hi pons hian a thunun bawk. He natna hriatna hian hlauhawm pumpelh emaw tihtlem emaw turin a chhang let thei a ni.

Khawiah nge he ‘Pons’ hi a awm?

Pons hi i thluaka structure hniam ber zinga mi a ni a, i luruh bul hnaih ber a ni. Sawi tawh ang khan Medulla Oblongata chungah chiah a thu a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan Medulla Oblongata chu i luruh hnuai lama khur hmangin Spinal Cord nen a inzawm leh thin.

‘Pons’ hi eng ang nge a nih? Engtiang chiahin nge a lian?

‘Pons’ te hi a tlangpuiin a sen hring emaw, a var emaw a ni. A pianzia lamah chuan cabbage pangpar hnah chunglam ang maia siam an ni. A lian zawngah chuan:

• A san zawng: Inches 1.06 (millimeter 27) vel a ni.
• A zau zawng: Inches 1.49 (millimeter 38) vel a ni.
• A thuk (thickness): Inches 0.98 (millimeter 25) vel a ni.

A tlem zia hi han en teh! Mahse hna a thawh hi a lian hle.

‘Pons’ lo chhuahna chu eng nge ni?

I thluak leh nervous system hmun dang zawng zawng ang bawkin pons hi nervous system cell leh structure chi hrang hrang tam tak atanga siam a ni. Nuclei ( plural for nucleus) an tih hmun thenkhat a nei a. Nuclei hi nerve emaw thluak cell pawl hrang hrang, hna inang thawk emaw, hmun khata inzawm emaw an ni. Heng nuclei te hi cell chi hnih lian tak atanga siam an ni a:

• Neurons : Hei hi i thluak leh nerve siamtu cell te an ni a, signal an thawn chhuak a, an kaihruai bawk. Signal te chu chemical emaw electrical emaw ah an chantir thei a ni.
• Glial cells: Hengte hi nervous system-a support cells an ni. Nerve signal pe chhuak lo mah se, chutiang titu nerve cell te chu an pui a ni.

Nerve cells (Neurons) chungchang tlem han sawi belh leh ila

Neurons hi i nervous system zawng zawnga electrical leh chemical signal thawn leh dawngtu cell te an ni. Neuron hian hengte hi a nei a:

• Cell taksa: Hei hi cell peng ber a ni.
• Axon: Hei hi cell taksa atanga chhuak, kut ang maia sei tak a ni. Axon tawp lamah hian kut zungtang ang chi extension engemaw zat a awm a, chutah chuan neuron atanga electrical signal lo chhuak chu chemical signal ah a inthlak a ni. Heng extension, synapse tia koh te hian a bul hnaia nerve cell dangte hnenah signal a thawn thei a ni. Axon hi electrical wire angin ngaihtuah la, synapse chu wire tawp lama plug ang a ni.
• Dendrites: Hengte hi cell taksa peng te tak te, branching structure te an ni (a hming hi Latin tawng atanga lak a ni a, a awmzia chu "thing ang" tihna a ni). Heng dendrites te hi a bul hnaia neuron dangte synapse atanga chemical signal dawnna hmun a ni.
• Myelin chuan : 1.1.Hei hi neuron axon vel a layer te tak te, thau tak a ni. Electrical wire chhehvela plastic sheath ang bawkin axon a venghim a, signal kal chak zawk nan a pui bawk.

Neuronal connection hi a buaithlak hle. Neuron pakhata dendrite te hian synapse dang sang tam tak nen an inzawm thei a ni. Neuron thenkhat chu a sei a, thenkhat chu a tawi bawk. Hei hi taksaa an awmna hmun leh an hnathawh danah a innghat a ni.

Glial cells hi eng nge ni?

Glial cell (glial-al tia lam tur) te hian hna hrang hrang an nei a. I naupan laiin neurons te chu an lo thang lian a, an lo thang lian a, i dam chhung zawnga neurons hnathawh dan tur pawh an enkawl bawk. Tin, i nervous system chu natna laka an venghim a, i nervous system chemical balance an tidanglam a, i axons vel myelin sheath an siam bawk. Mak tak maiin i nervous system-ah hian neuron aiin glial cells a let sawm zetin a tam zawk! Race car (neurons) service tu pit crew ang mai an ni.

Pons-te nghawngtu dinhmun tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

I thluak tibuaitu condition tam tak hian pons pawh a nghawng thei bawk. Condition thenkhat chuan pons te hi a bik takin a nghawng a ni. A hnuaia tarlan te hi entirnan thenkhat (alphabet angin):

• Brain tumor (cancer pawh tel) .
• Central pontine myelinolysis (pons chhunga myelin sheath chhiatna) .
• Lu hliam, a bik takin concussion (Concussions leh thluak hliam dang traumatic) .
• Pianpui natna, genetic disorder te pawh a tel
• Heavy metal poisoning emaw toxin dang emaw a awm thei
• Immune leh inflammatory natna (e.g., multiple sclerosis) .
• Infection (hengte hi bacteria, virus, parasite, leh fungi atanga lo chhuak a ni thei) .
• Hliam emaw, stroke emaw avanga locked-in syndrome (mit chetna tih loh chu taksa pum pui a paralyze) a ni
• 'Multiple system atrophy' `(System tam tak atrophy)` tih a ni
• Olivopontocerebellar natna (atrophy) a ni
• 'Thai'

He 'Pons' hian harsatna a awm chuan eng symptoms nge a lantir?

Pons tichhe thei dinhmun (symptoms) hi pons-a chhiatna hmun a zirin a inang lo hle. Pons hmun hrang hranga chhiatna hian i taksa hi kawng hrang hrangin a nghawng thei a ni. Heng a lan chhuah dan tlangpui thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Ataxia (taksa che vel inrem thei lo, zu rui ang maia inher) .
• Bengchheng lutuk
• Mit pahnih hmuh theihna (Diplopia) .
• Khawih hriatna hloh (vibration, temperature, emaw natna hriat theihna te pawh tel) .
• Nystagmus (mit chak taka, thunun loh taka che) .
• Nausea leh luak chhuak
• Paralysis (Hei hian lu, hmai, taksa peng hrang hrang a nghawng thei. Pons a chhiat nasat chuan mit chetna tih loh chu taksa pum pui a paralyze thei a, locked-in syndrome an tih ang chi)
• Vertigo (luak na tak, thil a inher ang maia inhriatna) .
• Tinnitus (beng chhunga aw hrang hrang hriat, e.g. ringing...) .

‘Pons’ te hriselna endik nan eng test nge tih thin?

Pons nena inzawm natna an hriatchhuah hian doctor-te chuan a hnuaia test te hi an ti thei ang:

• Thisen test (Hengte hian immune system lama harsatna atanga toxin leh metal (copper, mercury, lead ang chi) thlengin a hmuchhuak thei)
• 'CT scan' `(Computer hmanga tomography (CT) hmanga tihchhuah)`
• 'Electroencephalogram (EEG) tih a ni a, a rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a.
• Electromyogram (nerve kal dan enfiahna) 1.1.
• Evoked potentials (sensory test) hmanga thil tih theihna (sensory tests) te .
• Genetic testing neih a ni
• ‘M.R.I. Scan' `(Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) hmanga tih a ni
• 'RAN. Scan' `(Positron emission tomography (PET) hmanga enfiah)` tih a ni

Pons kaihhnawih natna enkawl dan tur engte nge ni?

Pons nghawng thei dinhmun enkawlna hi a inang lo hle. Condition thenkhat chu damdawi hmanga enkawl theih a ni. Mi dangte chuan enkawlna hmasawn zâwk, operation ang chite an mamawh thei bawk. Thil engemaw chu tihdam theih a ni lo va, enkawl pawh theih a ni lo. Chutiang hunah chuan a natna lan chhuah dan control hi a enkawl ber a ni. Pons tichhe thei condition tin tan hian treatment pakhat chauh a awm lo.

Engtin nge Pons hi kan enkawl ang?

Pons nghawng thei dinhmun thenkhat chu ven theih a ni a, mahse thenkhat chu beisei loh tak a ni. A tam zâwk chuan, natna emaw, harsatna emaw ṭhenkhat i neih theihna chu i tihtlem thei a ni. I invenna tha ber berte chu:

• Ei leh in inthlau (balanced diet) ei: Vitamin level sang lo emaw, hniam emaw hian i thluak leh nervous system a nghawng thei a ni. I ei leh in enkawl hian i circulatory system hriselna a pui thei bawk a, chu chuan i thluak hriselna a nghawng bawk.
• Taksa chak taka awm la, taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh: I taksa rihna leh i thawhrimna level hian thluak tichhe thei dinhmun, a bik takin thinlung leh circulatory system lama harsatna stroke ang chi te chu a veng thei a, a tikhawtlai thei bawk.
• Hriselna hmanrua hmang rawh:Lu hliam, a bik takin concussion leh traumatic brain injuries te hian i thluak a tichhe thei a ni. A châng chuan a chhiatna chu a awm reng thei bawk. Hnathawh lai emaw, inkhelh lai emaw pawh nise, helmet ang chi invenna hmanrua bun hian lu hliam a veng thei a ni.
• Natna khirh tak lakah fimkhur rawh: Thluak tibuaitu natna tam tak hi hun kal zelah a na zual zel a, a bik takin thisen sang thunun theih loh. Heng natnate enkawl hian a chang chuan an kal zel dan a titawp thei a, a tikhawtlai thei bawk. Hei hian thluak chhiatna nasa tak a awm loh nan a pui thei che a ni.

A tawp berah chuan he thawnthu atang hian thuchah kan hruai haw duh chu a ni

I pons hi i thluak peng te tak te mahse chak tak a ni . Kan thluak peng pakhat, a tam zawkah chuan kan ngaihtuah ngai lo emaw, kan ngaihven vak lo emaw a ni a, mahse i nun dan leh i chhehvel khawvel i hriat danah chuan a pawimawh hle. Thil tam tak enkawl turin a pui a, chutah chuan i thawk dan, i balance leh i hriatna te pawh a tel.

Chuvangin i thluak hriselna hi hliam leh ven theih natna laka venhim hi i nunah thil pawimawh tak a ni. Tlemte ni mah se, ‘pons’ hian hna ropui tak a thawk che a ni!

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Pons, thluak, nervous system, mut, natna, cranial nerve, thluak stem