Macula chungchang hi i zir belh ang u, chu chuan chiang takin min pui a ni.

Lehkhabu pakhata lehkha awmte chiang taka kan chhiar dan te, kawngpuiah kan ṭhian pakhat kan hriat theih dan te, pangpar rawng mawi tak tak chipchiar tak takte kan hlim dan te hi i ngaihtuah ngai em? Heng zawng zawng hi kan mit chhunga thil tenawm tak, mahse pawimawh tak mai hian a pui a ni. Chu chu ‘macula’ kan tih chu a ni. He hming hi i hre tawh mai thei a, i hre lo pawh a ni thei. Chuvangin, vawiin hian he macula hi eng nge a nih, kan mit hmuhna atana a pawimawh zia, a hrisel theih dan tur kan sawi dawn a ni.

Macula chu eng nge ni? Eng nge a tih tak tak?

A awlsam zawngin, macula hi i mit chhunga hmun te tak te, zungbun, a bik takin retina lairil – mit hnung lama light-sensitive layer te tak te a ni. Ngaihtuah teh he retina hi i mitmeng hnunglam bang ah a awm a. A lai takah chuan macula a awm. Mi thenkhat chuan ‘macula lutea’ an ti bawk a, a chhan chu a rawng sen deuh a neih vang a ni.

Tunah chuan, en teh, a hnathawh ber chu i hmalam panna thil i hmuh, i central vision , chiang tak leh chiang taka i hmuh theih nan a pui che a ni. Lehkhabu i chhiar chuan a lehkha te chu chiang takin i hmu thei a, TV i en chuan a changtute hmel chiang takin i hre thei a, motor i khalh chuan chiang takin hmalam kawngpui i hmu thei a, chutiang thil chu macula tel lo chuan thil theih loh a ni.

Mit chhunga eng a luh chuan mit hmalam lens kaltlangin retina a rawn deng a. Retina ah hian cell bik photoreceptors an tih te a awm a . Heng cell te hian light energy chu electrical signal ah an chantir thin. He signal hi optic nerve kaltlangin thluak ah a thawn chhuak leh thin . He signal hi thluak hian a zirchiang a, kan hmuh angin image-ah a chantir thin. Chuvangin, macula hian i hmaa direct-a i hmuh thil chipchiar ber berte chu a man a, thluak lamah a thawn chhuak ta a ni. Chu chu:

• Lehkhabu emaw chanchinbu emawa lehkha awmte chiang taka chhiar a ṭangkai hle .
• Mi hmel hriat theihna turin a pui a ni .
• Movement tenau tak tak hriat theihna turin a pui .
• A rawng hrang hrang thliar hran leh hriat theih nan a pui thin .

Engvangin nge he macula hi a pawimawh em em?

Macula hi a te zia chu i hmu thei mai thei, mahse hna ropui tak a thawk thung. Thil chipchiar tak tak kan hmuh theihna tur leh kan en mek thil chiang ber berte kan ngaihtuah theihna tur a ni. Retina pumpui hian êng a la a, chu thu chu thluak lamah a thawn chhuak a ni. Mahse macula hi a special hle.

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh, hose hmanga huan tui pek ang mai hian retina pumpui hian information a khawlkhawm vek a ni. Macula hi dropper tlemte damdawi paih ang mai a ni. Thu chiang tak, fiah lo tak tak (chu chu i hmaa direct-a i hmuh leh a chipchiar tak takte) a focus a, thluak lamah a thawn chhuak thin.

Macula awm lo se, emaw, macula a chhiat chuan i mit chu a la thawk reng ang (chu chu êng a luh tir ang tihna a ni), mahse i mit chu a fiah lo ang a, details pawh a bo ang Camera focus atanga chhuak ang mai a ni.

Macula hi eng ang nge a nih? Eng atanga siam nge a nih?

Macula hi retina lai takah hmun te tak te, sen hring, oval ang maia awm a ni. Mi tam zawk macula hi millimeter 5 vel a sei a ni. Chu chu inch kua aia tlem a ni! Hetiang thil tenawm tak hian kan mitthlaah nghawng lian tak a neih theih dan hi a mak lo em ni?

Tunah chuan macula hi eng atanga siam nge tih hi han en ila. Macula (leh retina pumpui) hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh, light-sensitive cells ‘photoreceptors’ tia koh te atanga siam a ni. Heng cell te hi chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu:

• Rods: Hengte hi black and white light hriatchhuahna atana mawhphurtu ber an ni. Zanah leh êng tlêm takah pawh kan hmu theitu cell an ni bawk.
• Cones: Heng cell te hi rawng hriat theihna tura min puitu te an ni. Nitin kan mit hmuhna chiang leh fiah tak tam zawk chu an thunun a ni.

Hetah hian thil pawimawh tak chu: Macula hian cone cells a nei sang hle. Chuvangin macula hian kan mit hmuhna hmuna thil chipchiar leh rawng tha ber berte chu a dik takin a man thei a ni.

Macula tibuaitu natna tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Mit tichhe thei dinhmun eng pawh hian macula a nghawng thei. Mahse, macula hi a bik takin a nghawng thei condition engemaw zat a awm. Chung zingah chuan:

• Kum upat avanga Macular Degeneration (AMD): Hei hi puitling zingah central vision hloh chhan lian ber a ni.
• Macular Pucker: ‘Epiretinal Membrane’ an ti bawk a, hei hi film te tak te, macula chungah a lo piang a, chu chuan mit a tichhe thei a ni.
• Macular Holes: A hming ang bawkin macula-ah hian khur te tak te a lo awm a.
• Cystoid Macular Edema: Hetah hian macula-ah tui a pungkhawm a , a hring a, mit a ti fiah lo.

Chu bakah, retina pumpui tichhe thei harsatna thenkhat chuan macula a tichhe thei bawk. Entir nan:

• Genetic condition te chu Retinitis Pigmentosa ang chi te hi a ni.
• Eye floater leh flashes – hengte hi a chang chuan harsatna lian tak chhinchhiahna a ni thei.
• Retinal Vein a inkharkhip (Occlusion) a ni.
• Posterior Vitreous Detachment: Hetah hian mit chhunga jelly ang chi chu retina atanga inthen a ni.
• Retinal Detachment: Hei hi emergency a ni.

Engtin nge i macula-ah harsatna i neih leh neih loh i hriat theih ang? Eng nge a lan chhuah dan?

A hnuaia mit chhinchhiahna pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih chuan doctor pan ngei ngei tur a ni. Hengte hi macula emaw mit hmun dang emaw lama harsatna awm chhinchhiahna a ni thei:

• I mit hmuh chu a fiah lo deuh niin i hria .
• Thil pakhat chu pahnih anga hmuh chu diplopia an ti a.
• Line dinglam (straight line) siam leh curled ang mai a ni.
• Mit natna chi thar, ni eng emaw zat a reh lo.
• Eng en thei lo khawpa mit hrual chu ‘Photophobia’ an ti.
• I mit hmuh chu a chhe zauh zauh ang maiin a lang .
• Mit hmuhna lai takah hmun dum emaw, hmun hring emaw hmuh.

Hetiang thil i hriat chuan hlauthawng suh, mahse ngaihthah suh bawk ang che. A pawimawh ber chu Damdawi lam thurawn lak vat hi a ni.

Engtin nge macula hi an enfiah thin?

I mit doctor pawhin i macula (macula plural chu maculae a ni) chu mit enfiah dan pangngaiah a enfiah bawk ang. I macula en nan ophthalmoscope an tih hmanraw bik an hmang fo ang. Hei hian i mit chhung lam a en thei a, a peng tin, macula pawh a enfiah thei a ni.

A châng chuan macula-a harsatna awm nia rinhlelhna a awm chuan doctor chuan specialized test tam zawk a tih a ngai mai thei. Entirnan, scan pakhat OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) . Hei hian macula thlalak chipchiar tak a la thei a, cross-section ang maiin. Tin, Fluorescein Angiography ang chi test pawh a awm fo bawk.

Engtin nge ka macula hi ka hrisel theih ang?

Kan macula venhimna atan hian thil engemaw zat kan tih theih a awm a:

• I mit hmuhnaah danglamna i hmu a nih chuan , i doctor hnenah hrilh nghal rawh. Thil tenawm tak pawh hi a pawimawh thei a ni.
• Glasses emaw contact lens emaw i vuah chuan a hun hunah mit enfiah la, a tul angin i prescription update rawh.
• Meizial zuk loh tur. Meizial zuk hi macula tihchhiatna thlentu lian tak a ni a, a bik takin kum upat avanga macular degeneration (AMD) a tichhe nasa hle.
• Infiamna emaw, mit tana hlauhawm thei thil dang emaw i tih hian mit venna mitmeng vuah tur a ni.
• Ni chhuahna hmuna chhuah dawnin UV protection nei sunglass tha tak ha thin ang che. Ni êng hlauhawm tak hian macula a tichhe thei a ni.
• Ei leh in inthlau tak, ei tur tha tak ei rawh. Thlai hring, thei, leh Omega-3 oil tamna sangha ang chi te hi mit hriselna atan a tha hle.
• I hriselna zawng zawng kha enkawl rawh. Diabetes mellitus leh thisen sang ang chi condition control. Hengte hian i mit a nghawng thei bawk.

Doctor hmuh hun tha ber berte chu engte nge ni?

Hei hi a awlsam hle. I mit hmuh dan a danglam tih i hriat veleh doctor rawn rawh. Glass thar mamawh ang chi thil awlsam tak a ni thei a, a nih loh leh natna khirh zawk chhinchhiahna hmasa ber pawh a ni thei bawk. Chuvangin, symptoms a na zual hun nghah hmain i mit enfiah hmasa phawt a tha ber. I man hma chuan harsatna tam tak i enkawl thei a, i mit i chhanhim thei bawk.

I mit a tlakchham thut a, mit na tak i neih emaw, flash emaw floater emaw i hmuh nghal chuan damdawi in emergency room-ah kal nghal rawh. Chûngte chu thil awm dân hmanhmawhthlâk tak a ni thei.

Take-Home Thuchah a ni

Okay, chuti a nih chuan vawiin khan macula chungchang kan sawi nasa hle a ni lawm ni?

• Macula hi mit chhunga thil te tak te cute tak a ni a, mahse superhero ang mai a ni a, hmalam chu chiang tak leh na takin kan hmu thei a ni .
• Macula hi lehkha chhiar nan te, hmel hriat nan te, leh rawng chi hrang hrang hmuh nan te a pawimawh hle.
• I ngaihtuah emaw ngaihtuah lo emaw, kan hmang fo thin.
• Chuvangin, i macula (leh i mit zawng zawng) a hrisel em tih hriat nan mit enfiah fo a pawimawh hle.
• I mit, a bik takin i mit hmuh danah inthlak danglamna tenau i hmuh veleh doctor pan rawh. Hrilhfiahna tenau te pawh hi a hnua i mit hmuhna tichhe thei thil lian zawk chhinchhiahna a ni thei.

I mit hi i thil neih hlu ber a ni. Chuvangin, anmahni enkawl hi i mawhphurhna a ni. He macula chungchanga hriatna hian chutiang kawngah chuan a puih ngei ka beisei!

` Macula, retina, mit hriselna, mit hmuhna, mit natna, central vision, mit endikna