I in chhunga puitling pakhat chu a tlu fo em? Hei hi Fall Risk Assessment hmangin i titawp thei ang!

Kan pi leh pute pawh an inher kual laiin an tlu tih kan hre vek a, kan hmu pawh a ni mai thei. A chang chuan, "Aw, chutiang chiah chu kan tar hunah a ni a, tlem kan fimkhur a ngai a ni," tiin kan ngaihtuah thin. Mahse, i hria em, heng tlu te hi chutiang taka ngaihtuah awlsam tur a ni lo. Tlu vawi khat chauh pawh hian thil pawi tak, ruh tliak (`(Fracture)`) ang chi a thlen thei a, a chang chuan lu hliam emaw thluak chhiatna emaw a thlen thei bawk. Chuvangin he thil hi tlem tal fimkhur a pawimawh hle a, a bik takin kan upa duh tak takte kan ngaihtuah hian.

Chuti a nih chuan he Fall Risk Assessment hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, fall risk assessment hi i doctor-in i tlu theihna tur a enfiahna a ni. Car chu a hun hunah kan service a, a dik lohnate kan siam ṭhat ang bawkin, kan tar chhoh zêl chuan kan taksa chu a danglam a, chu chu a kaihhnawih hlauhawm tharte chu a hre chiang a, chu chu chinfel tumin hma kan la a ni. Hei hian tlu lo turin a pui thei che a ni.

Engvangin nge hei (Fall Risk Assessment) hi a pawimawh em em?

I ngaihtuah mai thei, "Awle, chuti a nih chuan a awm tih ka hriat chuan eng nge ka thatna?" Hêng thudikte hi han ngaihtuah teh:

• I tlu hlauhawmna i tihziaawm thei: Eng thil nge tlu thei che tih chiang taka i hriat chuan pumpelh a awlsam zawk.
• I risk factor bikte chu eng nge ni tih i hre thei ang: Mi zawng zawng hi an tlu vek lo. Eng thilin nge a nghawng bik che tih i hriatthiam hnu chuan, chu chu hmachhawn tûrin hma i la thei ang.
• I theih chhung chu independent, independent, leh active takin i awm thei: Tlu hlau reng reng hian nitin hna thawh a harsa hle. He assessment zawh hian chu hlauhna chu hnehin hlim takin i nung thei a ni.
• Nun hrisel, mahni inrintawkna neiin i nung thei: Tlu avanga i ke ruh tliak a, khumah i inkhung tlat chuan engtiang chiahin nge a lungchhiatthlak ang? Hei hi chutiang dinhmun laka invenna a ni.

Mi tam tak chuan kan tar chhoh zel chuan tlu hi thil pangngai leh pumpelh theih loh niin an ngai. Mahse chu chu thudik a ni lo. Tlu tam zawk hi chu ven theih a ni! Risk assessment dik tak leh a tul anga hmalak a ngai chauh a ni.

Fall Risk Assessment hi tuin nge mamawh?

A tlangpuiin puitling kum 65 aia upa zawng zawng tan chuan a tlem berah basic fall risk screening neih hi a tha hle. Doctor i hmuh hian hetiang zawhna hi an zawt thei che a ni:

• "Tlem a nghet lo deuhin i inhria em, off balance ang maiin, i ding lai emaw, i kal lai emaw pawh nise?"
• "Kum khat kalta chhung khan vawi khat tal i tlu tawh em?"
• "Tlu tur hian hlauhna emaw, lungkhamna emaw i nei fo thin em?"

Heng zawhna zinga pakhat tal chu "yes" tih i chhan chuan i doctor chuan ``comprehensive fall risk assessment`` neih a rawt mai thei a, chu chuan hei hi a thuk zawkin a enfiah ang.

He tehfung hi engzat nge tih tur?

Health organization hrang hrang kaihhruaina angin, kum khatah vawi khat tal he fall risk assessment hi neih a tha . Mahse, i damdawi lam dinhmun dang, i kum leh i tlu tawh leh tawh loh a zirin, i doctor chuan he test hi tih tam zawk turin a rawt thei a, entirnan, thla ruk danah.

Eng thil nge ka tlu theihna tipung?

Tlu thei thil tam tak a awm a. A bulpui berte han thlir ila.

Taksa leh hriselna lam chhan: 1.1.

• Kum upa lam: Kan tar chhoh zel chuan kan taksa ruhte a chak lo va, kan mit a chhe zauh zauh a, kan hriatna pawh a chhe thei a, kan reaction time a tlahniam a, kan balance vawng reng a harsa hle. Heng zawng zawng hian tlu theihna a tipung a ni.
• Balance problems: Mi thenkhat chuan ding chung pawhin an ding nghet lo niin an inhria. Kal laiin an inher ang maiin an inhria mai thei. Hei hi tlutu lian tak a ni bawk.
• Gait disorders: Mi thenkhat chu an kal zawi hle a, thenkhat chu ke pen te tak te hmangin an kal chak a, thenkhat chu ke zau takin an kal a, thenkhat chu khum ang maiin an kal bawk. Heng kea kal dan inthlak danglamna hi ``gait disorders`` kan ti thin. Chûngte chuan leia thil pakhat chunga tlu te, tlu te, tlu te pawh a ti awlsam thei bawk.
• Distraction (mild cognitive impairment): Mite an upat deuh deuh chuan an hriatrengna a tlahniam thei a, thil pakhat ngaihven harsa an ti thei bawk. Hetiang dinhmun hi mild cognitive impairment an ti a. Hei hian an kal lai te, stairs an lawn lai te, in chhunga an kal lai te pawhin an tlu thei a ni.
• Heart palpitations: Thinlung chu a thawk chak zawk thut a, a nih loh leh a thawk chak lutuk emaw, a rhythm a mumal lo emaw a nih chuan i lu a na thei a, i muhil thei bawk.
• Orthostatic hypotension: Khum, ṭhutphah emaw, thutna aṭanga i ding nghal chuan i lu a buai emaw, i lu a hah emaw? Hetiang hi mi tam takin an tawng tawh a ni. A chhan chu i position i thlak chuan thisen sang a tlahniam thut thin vang a ni. Hei hi damdawi lam chuan orthostatic hypotension tia hriat a ni. Hei hi tlutu lian tak a ni bawk.
• Vision impairment: I mit a chak loh chuan i hmaah daltu, stairs, leia thil te te pawh i hmu thei lo. Tichuan, anmahniah i tlu lut a, i tlu mai mai a rinawm zawk. Cataract leh glaucoma ang chi natna te pawhin hei hi a nghawng ve bawk.

Pawn lam leh nunphung nena inzawm thil dangte:

• Home hazards: Hei hi in chhunga hmun ngaihthah ber pawl a ni , mahse a hlauhawm ber pawl a ni. Ngaihtuah teh:
• Infiamna te, chanchinbu te, pheikhawk te, wire te, leh thil dang te chu leiah a darh zau vek a.
• Eng awm lohna hmun ang maiin, a bik takin zan lama kitchen emaw bathroom emaw kal hunah.
• Rug slipper, carpet, floor polished, tiled floor te pawh a awm bawk.
• Bathroom-ah hian sahbawn, hnim hring leh leiah tui awm khawm a awm bawk.
• Stairs-a handrail awm lohna te, step kil chhe tawh te.
• Chair leh table sang tawk lo tak tak te.
• Kitchen chhunga a chunga shelf atanga thil lak chhuah tumin chair-a chhoh.

"Kan ṭhenawm, Aunt Soma chu nizan khan bathroom-a a kal laiin rug te tak te, lei chunga awm chu a tlu a, a tlu a, vanneihthlak takin hliam na tak a tuar lo a, mahse a kut chu na takin a hliam a ni. Thil tenawm tak ang maiin a lang a, mahse buaina lian tak a ni thei a ni lawm ni?"

• Damdawi thenkhat: Damdawi thenkhat i ei hian luak chhuak, mutthilh, chak lohna, leh balance hloh te a thlen thei. Entir nan:
• Antidepressant damdawi a ni
• Rilru natna thenkhat (`Antipsychotics`) atana damdawi pek thin te .
• Benzodiazepines (damdawi mut theihna leh lungkhamna tihziaawmna) .
• Painkiller thenkhat
• Thisen sang damdawi thenkhat (a bik takin a tir lamah) .

Chuvangin, i damdawi ei zawng zawng (vitamin leh Ayurvedic damdawi te pawh) doctor hnenah hrilh vek a pawimawh.

• Vitamin D tlakchhamna: Vitamin D hi kan ruh chakna leh kan taksa ruhte hnathawhna atan a pawimawh hle. Taksaah Vitamin D a awm tawk loh (Vitamin D tlakchhamna) chuan ruh a chak lo a, i tlu palh chuan awlsam takin a chhe thei a ni. Tin, taksa ruh chak lohna avang hian balance pawh a tlahniam thei bawk.
• Tlu hmasa: I tlu tawh a nih chuan i tlu leh a rinawm zawk. Hei hi a hmaa tlu tawh avanga hliam i neih vang emaw, tlu leh hlauhna avanga i kal dan leh nitin thil tih dan i thlak danglam vang emaw pawh a ni thei.
• Taksa tihchak loh: Exercise tel lova, hmun khata i hun tam zawk i hman hian i taksa ruhte chu a chak lo zauh zauh a, i insiamrem theihna a tlahniam a, i balance a tichhe bawk. Hei hian i tlu theihna a tipung a ni.

Fall Risk Assessment neih chhung hian eng nge thleng?

He tehfung hi a tlangpuiin step engemaw zat a awm thin.

Symptoms, medical history leh damdawi te thlirletna

I doctor chuan:

• A hmaa i tlu tawh a nih chuan chipchiar takin an zawt ang che. Entîr nân, i tluk dân te, i tlu chhan te, i tlu hnua thil thleng te, leh damdawi lam enkawlna i dawng leh dawn loh te .
• Nitin i activity level te, nitin hna i thawh theih leh theih loh te, harsatna i neih leh neih loh te an zawt thin.
• Tuna i damdawi ei zawng zawng (doctor-in a pek, over-the-counter, vitamin, traditional medicines thlengin) zawt la, chung zinga pakhat emaw chuan tlu theihna a tipung em tih en rawh. Hei hi a pawimawh hle.

Test leh enkawl belh zel a ni

Chu bâkah, doctor chuan a hnuaia mite hi a ti thei bawk.

• I thisen sang (thut leh ding lai) leh heart rate te chu enfiah a ni ang.
• Taksa test eng emaw zat an nei dawn a ni. Hengte hian i balance, muscle chakna, leh i kal dan te an en ang (hei hi tlem kan sawi leh ang).
• Vitamin D ang chi thil awm zat enfiah nan thisen test an ti thei a, ruh density enfiah nan DEXA scan an order thei bawk. Hei hian ruh tithianghlim thei natna, osteoporosis ang chi te hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui thei a ni.
• Occupational therapist hnenah pawh refer i ni thei bawk. I inah lo kal a, i tlawh fona hmun (e.g., rug hnim hring, eng tha lo awmna hmun)-a hlauhawm awm thei te chu a zawng thei a, chu chu pumpelh turin a pui thei che a ni.

Doctor-te hian fall risk assessment-ah eng test nge an hman?

Doctor-te chuan i balance, i chakna leh i kal dan enfiah nan test awlsam tak, mahse a hlawkthlak tak tak engemaw zat an hmang a:

• 30-Second Chair Stand Test: Hei hi test awlsam tak a ni. Chair-ah thuin i kut chu i rilruah cross turin an ti che a (i kut hmangin i ding thei lo). Tichuan, chair atanga ding chhuak vek turin an ti che a, chutah chuan thu leh vek turin an ti che a ni. Second 30 chhunga i tih theih zat chu chhiar a ni. Hei hian i ke ruh chakna chu a hriat theih phah a ni.
• Four Stage Balance Test: He test-ah hian hmun hrang hrang paliah i ding tur a ni. Position tin hi second 10 vel i vawn a ngai a ni. Heng dinhmunte hi a harsa chho zel a ni. Entirnan, pakhatah chuan ke pahnih inzawmin i ding tur a ni a, pakhatah chuan ke pakhat hmalam hawia ding tur a ni (tandem stance), a hnuhnung berah chuan ke pakhata ding tur a ni. Hei hian i balance a test thin.
• Timed Up & Go (TUG) test: Hei pawh hi test hman tlanglawn tak a ni. Armchair-ah i thu a. Tichuan, "kal" tia tih chuan i tho a, i kal dan pangngai angin feet 10 vel (meter 3 vel) zet i kal nghal a, i hawi let a, chair-ah i thu ta a ni. Chutianga tih theih hun chhung chu teh a ni. Generally, if it takes more than 12 seconds , tlu hlauhawmna sang takah ngaih i ni.
• Cognitive test: A châng chuan doctor chuan i hriatrengna, i ngaihtuahna leh thutlukna siam thiamna enfiah nân zawhna tlemte a zawt ang che a, hna awlsam tak tak thawk tûrin a ti thei bawk. Hei hi a chhan chu kan sawi tawh ang khan tlu pawh hi hriatna lama harsatna (mild cognitive impairment) vang a ni thei bawk.

He assessment hnuah hian ka result chu eng nge ni ang?

Heng zawng zawng hi tih zawh a nih chuan i doctor chuan i tlu theihna a tlem em, a hniam em, a sang em tih a hrilh ang che.

A pawimawh ber chu i risk chu "low" mahse, i doctor chuan nakin lawkah tlu lo tura i tih theih tur venna (`preventive recommendations`) te chu a fuih mai thei che a ni.

Tlu hlauhawmna tihziaawmna tur general tips te chu engte nge ni?

I assessment result a zirin i doctor chuan thurawn leh rawtna hrang hrang a pe thei che a, chungte chu:

• Khum emaw, ṭhutphah emaw aṭanga i tho chhuah dawnin ding nghet rawh: Tho nghal mai ai chuan khumah ṭhu hmasa la, i ke chu leiah dah la, rei vak lo nghak la, ding nghet takin ding rawh. Hei hian orthostatic hypotension avanga luak chhuak tihziaawmna kawngah a pui thei a ni.
• Assistive device hmang rawh: Kea kal harsatna i neih chuan i san zawng nena inmil, cane emaw walker emaw, a fit tha tak hman a tha. I doctor emaw, physical therapist emaw chuan a dik ber thlang turin a pui thei che a ni.
• Bathroom-ah grab bar dah: Bathroom leh toilet bula grab bar dah hian hmun hnim hring-a tlak theihna a ti tlem thei hle.
• Tlu hlauhawmna tipungtu damdawi dose thlak emaw tihhniam emaw: I ei mek damdawi thenkhat chuan tlu theihna a tipung a nih chuan i doctor chuan damdawi thlak emaw, a dose tihtlem emaw a rel thei a ni. Damdawi ei kha bansan suh la, doctor thurawn tel lo chuan eng thil vang pawh nise a dose thlak suh.
• Vitamin D supplement ei: I taksain vitamin D level a hniam (`Vitamin D tlakchhamna`) a nih chuan i doctor chuan vitamin D supplement \ha tak ei turin a rawt thei ang.
• Exercise: Kum upa lam tana tha tur exercise neih a pawimawh hle a, a bik takin balance, muscle chakna leh flexibility tichaktu exercise tih hi a pawimawh hle. Hei atan hian ``Tai Chi`` hi exercise tha tak a ni. Physics therapist-in a rawt exercise bik tih a pawimawh bawk.
• In lama venhimna tihpun:
• Thil tul lo chu lei atang hian paih chhuak rawh.
• A bik takin zan lama hman kawngpuiah chuan eng tha tak pe rawh.
• Rug hnim hringte chu la chhuak la, a nih loh leh leiah nghet takin siam rawh.
• Bathroom ah chuan non-slip mat dah la.
• Stairs sir lehlamah handrail dah rawh.
• Kekawrte dik tak ha rawh: Kekawrte emaw, pheikhawk emaw, a in fit tha, non-slip, leh heels hniam tak nei ha la. Kekawr bul lo kal emaw, socks chauh ha emaw, in chhungah pawh kal loh tur.

I doctor chuan hriselna lama thawktu dang engemaw zat hnenah a refer thei bawk che a, anni hian hriselna tha tak nei turin an pui thei che a ni:

• Mit doctor: I mit hmuh dan enfiah fo la, a tul chuan i glasses thlak leh la, mitdel ang chi natna te enkawl bawk ang che.
• Physical therapist: I chakna siamna tur, balance tihchangtlun nan leh him taka kal dan practice turin exercise leh instruction bik a pe thin.
• Occupational therapist: I in chhung boruak leh nitin i hnathawh dan zirchiangtu leh tlu hlauhawmna tihziaawmna tura thil tangkai tak tak siam tura puitu therapist . Entirnan, bathroom him taka hman dan tur leh kitchen-a him taka thil tih dan tur te.

A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Chuvangin, a thupui ber chu, tlu hi "tar chakna pangngai" anga ngaih suh. Tlu vawi khat pawh hian i nunah leh i zalennaah nghawng lian tak a nei thei a ni. He Fall Risk Assessment hi he hlauhawm laka nangmah leh i hmangaih tak takte venhimna atana i tih theih tur, proactive step pawimawh tak a ni.

I tih tur awm chhun chu i nunphung leh i in lama inthlak danglamna tenau tak tak siam mai mai a ni mai thei. Chu chu pheikhawk inbel ṭha tak thlan te, vitamin D ei emaw, physical therapist hmuh a, exercise ṭhenkhat zir emaw ang chi thil awlsam tak a ni thei.

Kum 65 chunglam i nih chuan, emaw, tlu tur i ngaihtuah a nih chuan, emaw, tun hmaa i tlu tawh a nih chuan, i chhungkaw doctor (or GP) nen inbiakna neihpui ngei tur a ni a, tlu tur risk assessment kimchang neih i ngaihtuah tur a ni. I nun hrisel, hlim tak, mahni inrintawkna nei tura investment ropui tak a ni ang!

` Tlu, tar, tlu hlauhawm tehna, tlu venna, tar hriselna, ruh tliak, balance