I taksaa sipai te te - lymphocytes te chanchin i zir dawn teh ang.

Hrisel taka awm kan duh vek. Chuti a nih chuan kan taksa hian natna laka min vengtu defence system mak tak a nei tih i hria em? Chu defense system-ah chuan lymphocyte te hi member pawimawh tak an ni. A awlsam zawngin kan taksaah sipai tenau ang mai an ni. Vawiin hian heng lymphocyte chungchang hi tlem han sawi leh ila.

Lymphocyte hi eng nge ni tak tak?

Lymphocyte hi cell chi khat, thisen var (white blood cells) an tih a ni. Ni e, thisenah hian red cell leh white cell a awm tih i hre tawh a. Lymphocytes hi cell var pawl bik a ni. An hnathawh ber chu kan taksa hriselna (immune system) tanpui hi a ni. Immune system hi kan rama defence army ang mai a ni. He system hi pawn lam atanga lo kal hmêlma (chu chu hrik , bacteria, natna thlentu virus) laka min humhim turin a awm a ni.

Lymphocyte hi chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu:

• T lymphocytes (T cells): Hengte hi immune system chhanna control tu an ni. Tin, hri kai cell leh cancer cell te pawh hmuchhuakin direct-in an bei thei a, an tichhia thei bawk.
• B lymphocytes (or B cells): Hengte hi antibodies an tih thil siamtu an ni. Antibody hi protein chi khat a ni. A dik tak chuan hengte hi ramdang mi rawn lut, virus leh bacteria ang chi te hriatchhuah leh do tura a bik taka siam ralthuam ang an ni.

Chuti a nih chuan, heng lymphocyte te hian kan taksa tan eng service nge an pek?

Lymphocyte hi cell tlemte chauh a ni lo. Kan taksa tan rawngbawlna ropui tak an thawk a ni.

A bik takin heng lymphocytes te hian cancer cells te do turin an pui a, pawn lam atanga antigens virus leh bacteria te pawh an do thei bawk.

Chu mai ni lovin heng lymphocyte te hian hriatrengna mak tak an nei bawk. Antigen an tawn apiang an hre reng thin. Ngaihtuah teh, naupan lai khan measles i nei a nih chuan , i lo puitlin hunah measles i vei leh tlem hle ang, a dik em? Chickenpox pawh chutiang bawk chu a ni. Chu chu heng lymphocyte te hriatrengna avang a ni. Lymphocyte thenkhat chu antigen an tawn hnuah “memory cell” an lo ni ta a ni. Tichuan, chu antigen chu taksaah a lo lut leh a nih chuan heng memory cells te hian an hre nghal vat a, an chhang let nghal vat thin. Chuvang chuan natna thenkhat chu vawi hnih kan kai lo. He principle avang hian vaccine pek hmangin natna thenkhat lakah kan him thei a ni.

T cell leh B cell te hian engtin nge hna an thawh?

Heng T cell leh B cell te hi an thawk dun a, mahse an chanvo erawh a danglam deuh hlek a ni.

T cells te chanvo

T cells hian natna hrik kai cell te tichhetu leh kan taksain thil dang a dawn dan tur control-na hna a thawk ber a ni. Mahse, T cell tam tak chuan an hnathawh theih nan immune cell dang puihna an mamawh a ni. T cells te hi an activate hnuah an lo pung (chu chu an lian chho tihna a ni) a, T cell chi hrang hrangah an specialise ta a ni. Heng chi hrang hrangte hi:

• Cytotoxic T cells: Hengte hi indona hmuna special force ang mai an ni. Heng cell te hi natna vei emaw, cell pangngai lo emaw-a antigens-ah an inzawm a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan hri kai cell-te cell membrane-ah khur an siam a, enzyme an inject a, an that ta a ni.
• Helper T cells: A hming ang bawkin hengte hian immune cell dangte a pui thin. Ṭhenkhat chuan B cell te chu antibody siam turin an pui thin. Mi dangte chuan cytotoxic T cells activate turin an pui bawk.
• Regulatory T cells: Heng cells te hian immune system response tihtawp nana pui thei thil an siam chhuak thin. A châng chuan, kan taksa ngei pawhin thil ṭha lo a neih loh nân an ṭanpui bawk.

B cells hnathawh dan

B cells hian an chung lamah receptor bik an nei a, chu chuan antigens te nen an inzawm a ni. B cells te hian heng antigen hrang hrangte hi hriat chian an zir a, pakhat zel bei turin antibodies bik an siam chhuak thin. B cells te hian antigens te hi kawng hnih in an chhang let a:

• Primary immune response: Antigen pakhat chu receptor nen a inzawm chuan B cells te chu an tichak a. B cell ṭhenkhat chu “hriatrengna cell” an lo ni ta a ni. B cell dangte chu “plasma cell” an lo ni ta a ni. Heng plasma cell te hian antibodies an siam a, chu chu antigen stimulated a nihna tur bik a ni. Mahse, antibody mamawh zat siam chhuah nan ni engemaw zat a la ngai thei.
• Secondary immune response: A hmaa antigen lo awm tawh kha taksaah a rawn lut leh a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Tichuan, chu memory cell-te chuan an hre reng a ni. An pung chak hle a, plasma cell an lo ni ta a, antibodies an siam chak hle bawk. Hei hi a vawi hnihna i damloh chuan i dam thuai chhan pawh a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan, kan taksaah hian khawiah nge heng lymphocyte te hi siam chhuah leh awm?

Kan ruhroah hian lymphocyte a lo piang chhuak thin.Tichuan, an puitling a, chu chu an thang tha tihna a ni a, thisenah an lut ta a ni. Kan thisenah leh lymphatic system hmun tinah lymphocyte puitling tak tak hmuh tur a awm .

Lymphocyte thenkhat chu kan thymus gland an tih hmunah an kal thin . Chu lymphocyte te chu T cell an lo ni ta a ni. Lymphocyte dangte chu kan lymph node leh taksa peng dangteah an kal a. Chu chu B cell lo ni ta te chu an ni.

Lymphocyte te hi eng ang nge an nih?

Lymphocytes hi thisen sen aiin a lian deuh a ni . Mahse, an te lutuk a, microscope hmanga hmuh theih a ni lo. Lymphocyte tin hian a laiah nucleus lian tak an nei a. He nucleus hi dark purple a ni. A chhehvela jelly ang chi, cytoplasm , an tih chu a dum hring hring a ni.

Lymphocyte awm zat pangngai chu engzat nge ni?

Kan taksaa lymphocyte awm zat hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo thei. Kum, hnam, mipa leh hmeichhia, san zawng, leh kan nunphung ang chi thilah a innghat a ni.

• Puitlingah chuan thisen microliter khatah lymphocyte 1,000 leh 4,800 inkar a awm tlangpui.
• Naupang tê tê tan chuan he zat hi a tam deuh. Thisen microliter khatah lymphocyte 3,000 leh 9,500 inkar an nei thei.

Kan taksaa thisen var zawng zawng zingah hian lymphocytes hi a tlangpuiin 20% leh 40% inkar a ni.

Lymphocyte a tam chuan eng nge thleng ang?

Thisen chhunga lymphocyte awm zat chu a tlangpui aia tam a nih chuan lymphocytosis kan ti thin. Hei hi infection emaw, natna emaw avanga thleng fo a ni. Kan taksa hian a chang chuan natna hrik dona pui turin extra lymphocytes a siam chhuak thin.

Mahse, natna khirh tak tak thenkhat chuan lymphocytes a tipung thei bawk. Chung dinhmun thenkhat chu:

• Hepatitis natna a ni
• Syphilis natna a ni
• Mononucleosis natna (Mononucleosis) a ni
• Tuberculosis natna a ni
• HIV leh AIDS vei te
• Hypothyroidism natna (Hypothyroidism) a awm
• Hri kai, whooping cough , toxoplasmosis, emaw cytomegalovirus ang chi te
• Thisen cancer, lymphoma emaw leukemia emaw a awm thei

Lymphocyte a tlem chuan eng nge thleng ang?

Thisena lymphocyte awm zat chu a tlangpui aia tlem a nih chuan lymphocytopenia emaw lymphopenia emaw kan ti thin. Hei hi flu emaw, infection tenau dang emaw vang a ni thei. Mahse, natna emaw, dinhmun na zawk emaw chuan lymphocytes a tlahniam thei bawk. A chhan thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• HIV emaw AIDS emaw
• Tuberculosis emaw Typhoid fever emaw a ni thei
• Viral hepatitis natna a ni
• Thisen natna chi hrang hrang Hodgkin natna ang chi te
• Autoimmune natna, lupus ang chi te
• Hriselna lama natna hlauhawm tak tak, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, leh Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome te pawh a awm thei
• Radiation therapy emaw chemotherapy emaw ang chi enkawlna

Eng test nge ka lymphocyte level a hrisel em tih enfiah thin?

Thisen test engemaw zat a awm a, chu chuan i thisenah lymphocyte awm zat a hriat theih a. A bulpui berte chu:

• Absolute Lymphocyte Count: Hei hi Complete Blood Count (CBC) test tih dan pangngaia tel a ni. I thisena lymphocyte awm zat chu percentage angin ni lovin absolute number angin a teh a ni.
• Flow cytometry: Hei hi laboratory bik a test a ni. I thisen sample chu tuiah a inthiar a, laser device flow cytometer an tih hmangin a kal tlang a ni. Laser light hian i thisen cell te chu pattern hrang hrangah a ti darh a. Pattern te hian cell chi hrang hrangte chu chiang taka hmuh theih leh chhiar theihna a siamsak a ni.

Lymphocyte nena inzawm condition-a symptoms langsar tak takte chu engte nge ni?

A tam zawkah chuan lymphocytosis (lymphocyte pung) emaw lymphocytopenia (lymphocyte tlahniam) emaw chhinchhiahna chiang tak a awm lo. Mahse, thisen natna emaw, cancer emaw avanga lymphocyte a pun chuan chu natna nena inzawm symptoms a lo lang thei a ni. Chung chhinchhiahna thenkhat chu:

• Lymph node a lo hring chhuak
• Zan a thawk hah
• Khawsik
• Pum natna
• Chaw ei chakna hloh
• Thâwk a tawi

A tawp berah chuan i hriat reng tur pawimawh ber chu!

Lymphocyte hi kan taksaa thisen var chi khat pawimawh tak a ni. Kan immune system peng lian ber an ni a, natna lakah min venghim a ni. Thisen test awlsam tak hmangin lymphocyte engzat nge i neih tih a hriat theih.

I lymphocytes chu a tlangpui aia sang emaw a hniam emaw hriat chu a hlauhawm deuh thei. Mahse a tam zawkah chuan i lymphocyte count a inthlak chuan i taksain infection a do tihna a ni thei. Chuvangin tul lova lungngai suh.

Hemi chungchangah hian rinhlelhna emaw zawhna emaw i neih chuan a tha ber chu i doctor hmu a, sawipui hi a ni. I doctor chuan a chhan dik tak a hmu thei ang a, i dinhmun pangngaia i awm leh theih nan a tul ang ang a ti thei ang.